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A recent randomized double-blind phase-IIb study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of COMP360, COMPASS Pathways\u2019 proprietary synthetic formulation of psilocybin, in participants with treatment-resistant depression.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>While the phase-IIb results are promising, the treatment works for a portion of the population and early prediction of outcome is a key objective as it would allow early identification of those likely to require alternative treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Transcripts were made from audio recordings of the psychological support session between participant and therapist 1 day post COMP360 administration. A zero-shot machine learning classifier based on the BART large language model was used to compute two-dimensional sentiment (valence and arousal) for the participant and therapist from the transcript. These scores, combined with the Emotional Breakthrough Index (EBI) and treatment arm were used to predict treatment outcome as measured by MADRS scores. (Code and data are available at <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/compasspathways\/Sentiment2D\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/github.com\/compasspathways\/Sentiment2D<\/jats:ext-link>.)<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Two multinomial logistic regression models were fit to predict responder status at week 3 and through week 12. Cross-validation of these models resulted in 85% and 88% accuracy and AUC values of 88% and 85%.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A machine learning algorithm using NLP and EBI accurately predicts long-term patient response, allowing rapid prognostication of personalized response to psilocybin treatment and insight into therapeutic model optimization. Further research is required to understand if language data from earlier stages in the therapeutic process hold similar predictive power.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-023-06432-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]],"date-time":"2023-08-22T06:01:50Z","timestamp":1692684110000},"page":"1553-1561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Psilocybin therapy for treatment resistant depression: prediction of clinical outcome by natural language processing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1254-5943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert F.","family":"Dougherty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Merve","family":"Atli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Kuc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Schlosser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Boadie W.","family":"Dunlop","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Hellerstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott T.","family":"Aaronson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sidney","family":"Zisook","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan H.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Carhart-Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy M.","family":"Goodwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory A.","family":"Ryslik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"6432_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1010933404324","volume":"45","author":"L Breiman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Breiman L (2001) Random forests. 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There are confidentiality agreements in place between the external authors and the sponsor.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"RFD, PC, MA, JK, DS, GMG, and GAR are employees of COMPASS Pathfinder Ltd (COMPASS). Dr. Goodwin reports owning stock in P1vital and P1vital products and receiving lecture or consulting fees from Beckley Psytech, Boehringer Ingelheim, Clerkenwell Health, COMPASS, Evapharma, Janssen, Lundbeck, Medscape, Novartis, Ocean Neuroscience, P1vital, Sage, and Servier; Dr. Aaronson receiving research support from COMPASS, Neuronetics and receiving consulting fees from COMPASS, Sage Therapeutics, Biogen, Genomind, Janssen, LivaNova, Neuronetics; Dr. Carhart-Harris receiving consulting fees from Entheon Biomedical, Beckley Psytech, Mydecine, Journey Collab, TRYP therapeutics, Osmind, and Maya Health; Dr. Dunlop receiving research support from Acadia, COMPASS, Aptinyx, NIMH, Sage, Otsuka, and Takeda, and receiving consulting fees from Greenwich Biosciences, Myriad Neuroscience, Otsuka, Sage, and Sophren Therapeutics; Dr. Hellerstein receiving research support from COMPASS, Relmada Pharmaceuticals, Marinus, Intracellular Therapies, Velocity Foundation, Columbia University, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Takeda, and GeneSight, receiving consuting fees from Reset Pharmaceuticals, and receiving honoraria from Johns Hopkins U Press and Columbia U Press; Dr. Young receiving research grants from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre at South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust and King\u2019s College London, NIMH, CIHR, NARSAD, Stanley Medical Research Institute, MRC, Wellcome Trust, Royal College of Physicians (Edin), BMA, UBC-VGH Foundation, WEDC, CCS Depression Research Fund, MSFHR, NIHR, and Janssen and receiving fees for lectures or consulting from Astra Zeneca, Eli Lilly, Lundbeck, Sunovion, Servier, Livanova, Janssen, Allegan, Bionomics, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, COMPASS, Sage, and Novartis; and Dr. Zisook receiving research support from COMPASS.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}