{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T06:08:55Z","timestamp":1789798135926,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":98,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001796","name":"University of the Sunshine Coast","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001796","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Ketamine has received considerable attention for its rapid and robust antidepressant response over the past decade. Current evidence, in clinical populations, predominantly relates to parenterally administered ketamine, which is reported to produce significant undesirable side effects, with additional concerns regarding long-term safety and abuse potential. Attempts to produce a similar drug to ketamine, without the psychotomimetic side effects, have proved elusive. Orally administered ketamine has a different pharmacological profile to parentally administered ketamine, suggesting it may be a viable alternative. Emerging evidence regarding the efficacy and tolerability of oral ketamine suggests that it may be a favourable route of administration, as it appears to obtain similarly beneficial treatment effects, but without the cost and medical resources required in parenteral dosing. The pharmacological effects may be due to the active metabolite norketamine, which has been found to be at substantially higher\u00a0levels via oral dosing, most likely due to first-pass clearance. Despite bioavailability and peak plasma concentrations both being lower than when administered parenterally, evidence suggests that low-dose oral ketamine is clinically effective in treating pain. This may also be due to the actions of norketamine and therefore, its relevance to the mental health context is  explored in this narrative review.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-023-06480-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]],"date-time":"2023-10-26T10:02:26Z","timestamp":1698314546000},"page":"2483-2497","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Oral ketamine may offer a solution to the ketamine conundrum"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"240","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4331-7457","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Megan","family":"Dutton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adem T.","family":"Can","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jim","family":"Lagopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel F.","family":"Hermens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"6480_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0668-1","volume":"45","author":"CG Abdallah","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abdallah CG (2020) (2R,6R)-Hydroxynorketamine (HNK) plasma level predicts poor antidepressant response: is this the end of the HNK pipeline? Neuropsychopharmacology 45(8):1245\u20131246","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"6480_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2018.05.010","volume":"190","author":"CG Abdallah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abdallah CG, Sanacora G, Duman RS, Krystal JH (2018) The neurobiology of depression, ketamine and rapid-acting antidepressants: is it glutamate inhibition or activation? Pharmacol Ther 190:148\u2013158","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"6480_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/29.5.376","volume":"29","author":"P Adamowicz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Adamowicz P, Kala M (2005) Urinary excretion rates of ketamine and norketamine following therapeutic ketamine administration: method and detection window considerations. J Anal Toxicol 29(5):376\u2013382","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6480_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000717","volume":"37","author":"MI Al Shirawi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Al Shirawi MI, Kennedy SH, Ho KT, Byrne R, Downar J (2017) Oral ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: a clinical effectiveness case series. J Clin Psychopharmacol 37(4):464\u2013467","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"6480_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2018.02.056","volume":"235","author":"S Arabzadeh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arabzadeh S, Hakkikazazi E, Shahmansouri N, Tafakhori A, Ghajar A, Jafarinia M, Akhondzadeh S (2018) Does oral administration of ketamine accelerate response to treatment in major depressive disorder? Results of a double-blind controlled trial. J Affect Disord 235:236\u2013241","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"6480_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.09.071","volume":"278","author":"A Bahji","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bahji A, Vazquez GH, Zarate CA (2021) Comparative efficacy of racemic ketamine and esketamine for depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 278:542\u2013555","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"6480_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2017.04.057","volume":"218","author":"ED Ballard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ballard ED, Wills K, Lally N, Richards EM, Luckenbaugh DA, Walls T, Ameli R, Niciu MJ, Brutsche NE, Park L (2017) Anhedonia as a clinical correlate of suicidal thoughts in clinical ketamine trials. J Affect Disord 218:195\u2013200","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"6480_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00230-9","volume":"47","author":"RM Berman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Berman RM, Cappiello A, Anand A, Oren DA, Heninger GR, Charney DS, Krystal JH (2000) Antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients. Biol Psychiat 47(4):351\u2013354","journal-title":"Biol Psychiat"},{"issue":"4","key":"6480_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.02.039","volume":"72","author":"P Blier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blier P, Zigman D, Blier J (2012) On the safety and benefits of repeated intravenous injections of ketamine for depression. Biol Psychiatry 72(4):e11-12","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"6480_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpain.2009.09.005","volume":"14","author":"MI Blonk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blonk MI, Koder BG, van den Bemt PMLA, Huygen FJPM (2010) Use of oral ketamine in chronic pain management: a review. Eur J Pain 14(5):466\u2013472","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"6","key":"6480_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1093\/pm\/pnx229","volume":"19","author":"A Buvanendran","year":"2018","unstructured":"Buvanendran A, Kroin JS, Rajagopal A, Robison SJ, Moric M, Tuman KJ (2018) Oral ketamine for acute pain management after amputation surgery. Pain Med 19(6):1265\u20131270","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6480_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01230-z","volume":"11","author":"AT Can","year":"2021","unstructured":"Can AT, Hermens DF, Dutton M, Gallay CC, Jensen E, Jones M, Scherman J, Beaudequin DA, Yang C, Schwenn PE, Lagopoulos J (2021) Low dose oral ketamine treatment in chronic suicidality: an open-label pilot study. Transl Psychiatry 11(1):101","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"6480_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2023.03.064","volume":"331","author":"AT Can","year":"2023","unstructured":"Can AT, Hermens DF, Mohamed AZ, Shan ZY, Dutton M, Gallay C, Forsyth G, Jamieson D, Lagopoulos J (2023a) Treatment response with ketamine in chronic suicidality: an open label functional connectivity study. J Affect Disord 331:92\u2013100","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"6480_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110701","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2022.110701","volume":"123","author":"AT Can","year":"2023","unstructured":"Can AT, Schwenn PE, Isbel B, Beaudequin D, Bou\u00e7as AP, Dutton M, Jones M, Gallay CC, Forsyth G, Bennett MR, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF (2023b) Electrophysiological phenotypes of suicidality predict prolonged response to oral ketamine treatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 123:110701","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"6480_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2006.00208_8.x","volume":"7","author":"CC Chong","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chong CC, Schug SA, Page-Sharp M, Ilett KF (2006) Bioavailability of ketamine after oral or sublingual administration. Pain Med 7(5):469\u2013469","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"6480_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07920.x","volume":"102","author":"PSK Chu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chu PSK, Ma WK, Wong SCW, Chu RWH, Cheng CH, Wong S, Tse Man-li J, Lau FL, Yiu MK, Man CW (2008) The destruction of the lower urinary tract by ketamine abuse: a new syndrome. BJU Int 102(11):1616\u20131622","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"6480_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.2600710516","volume":"71","author":"J Clements","year":"1982","unstructured":"Clements J, Nimmo W, Grant IS (1982) Bioavailability, pharmacokinetics, and analgesic activity of ketamine in humans. J Pharm Sci 71(5):539\u2013542","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"6480_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clements J, Nimmo WS (1981) \u201cPharmacokinetics and analgesic effect of ketamine in man\u201d 53:1 27\u201330","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/53.1.27"},{"issue":"2","key":"6480_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1526-4637.2007.00314.x","volume":"9","author":"P Cvrcek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cvrcek P (2008) Side effects of ketamine in the long-term treatment of neuropathic pain. Pain Med 9(2):253\u2013257","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"key":"6480_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2023.02.010","volume":"70","author":"G d\u2019Andrea","year":"2023","unstructured":"d\u2019Andrea G, Pettorruso M, Lorenzo GD, Mancusi G, McIntyre RS, Martinotti G (2023) Rethinking ketamine and esketamine action: are they antidepressants with mood-stabilizing properties? Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 70:49\u201355","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6480_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867414520754","volume":"48","author":"A De Gioannis","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Gioannis A, De Leo D (2014) Oral ketamine augmentation for chronic suicidality in treatment-resistant depression. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 48(7):686","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"6480_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.2018.196","volume":"214","author":"Y Domany","year":"2019","unstructured":"Domany Y, Bleich-Cohen M, Tarrasch R, Meidan R, Litvak-Lazar O, Stoppleman N, Schreiber S, Bloch M, Hendler T, Sharon H (2019) Repeated oral ketamine for out-patient treatment of resistant depression: randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept study. Br J Psychiatry 214(1):20\u201326","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"6480_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110609","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2022.110609","volume":"119","author":"C Driver","year":"2022","unstructured":"Driver C, Jackson TNW, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF (2022) Molecular mechanisms underlying the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonists: highlighting their potential for transdiagnostic therapeutics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 119:110609","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"6480_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2022.09.006","volume":"65","author":"M Dutton","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dutton M, Can AT, Lagopoulos J, Hermens DF (2022) Stress, mental disorder and ketamine as a novel, rapid acting treatment. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 65:15\u201329","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6480_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-2999(97)01116-3","volume":"333","author":"B Ebert","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ebert B, Mikkelsen S, Thorkildsen C, Borgbjerg FM (1997) Norketamine, the main metabolite of ketamine, is a non-competitive NMDA receptor antagonist in the rat cortex and spinal cord. Eur J Pharmacol 333(1):99\u2013104","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6480_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(99)00011-1","volume":"17","author":"MC Enarson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Enarson MC, Hays H, Woodroffe MA (1999) Clinical experience with oral ketamine. J Pain Symptom Manage 17(5):384\u2013386","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"8","key":"6480_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0663-6","volume":"45","author":"CA Farmer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farmer CA, Gilbert JR, Moaddel R, George J, Adeojo L, Lovett J, Nugent AC, Kadriu B, Yuan P, Gould TD, Park LT, Zarate CA Jr (2020) Ketamine metabolites, clinical response, and gamma power in a randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial for treatment-resistant major depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 45(8):1398\u20131404","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"6480_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.62","volume":"71","author":"A Feder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Feder A, Parides MK, Murrough JW, Perez AM, Morgan JE, Saxena S, Kirkwood K, Aan Het Rot M, Lapidus KAB, Wan LB, Iosifescu D, Charney DS (2014) Efficacy of intravenous ketamine for treatment of chronic posttraumatic stress disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 71(6):681\u2013688","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"issue":"18","key":"6480_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3663","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-014-3664-5","volume":"231","author":"G Fond","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fond G, Loundou A, Rabu C, Macgregor A, Lan\u00e7on C, Brittner M, Micoulaud-Franchi JA, Richieri R, Courtet P, Abbar M, Roger M, Leboyer M, Boyer L (2014) Ketamine administration in depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychopharmacology 231(18):3663\u20133676","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"7","key":"6480_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18030290","volume":"175","author":"R Freedman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freedman R, Brown AS, Cannon TD, Druss BG, Earls FJ, Escobar J, Hurd YL, Lewis DA, L\u00f3pez-Jaramillo C, Luby J, Mayberg HS, Moffitt TE, Oquendo M, Perlis RH, Pine DS, Rush AJ, Tamminga CA, Tohen M, Vieta E, Wisner KL, Xin Y (2018) Can a framework be established for the safe use of ketamine? Am J Psychiatry 175(7):587\u2013589","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"6480_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2021.111369","volume":"317","author":"CC Gallay","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gallay CC, Forsyth G, Can AT, Dutton M, Jamieson D, Jensen E, Hermens DF, Bennett MR, Lagopoulos J (2021) Six-week oral ketamine treatment for chronic suicidality is associated with increased grey matter volume. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 317:111369","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging"},{"key":"6480_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2020.172856","volume":"189","author":"JR Gilbert","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gilbert JR, Zarate CA Jr (2020) Electrophysiological biomarkers of antidepressant response to ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: gamma power and long-term potentiation. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 189:172856","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"6480_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204512532092247","DOI":"10.1177\/2045125320922474","volume":"10","author":"P Glue","year":"2020","unstructured":"Glue P, Medlicott NJ, Neehoff S, Surman P, Lam F, Hung N, Hung CT (2020) Safety and efficacy of extended release ketamine tablets in patients with treatment-resistant depression and anxiety: open label pilot study. Adv Psychopharmacol 10:2045125320922474","journal-title":"Adv Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6480_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-020-03047-z","volume":"77","author":"P Glue","year":"2021","unstructured":"Glue P, Russell B, Medlicott NJ (2021) Influence of formulation and route of administration on ketamine\u2019s safety and tolerability: systematic review. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 77(5):671\u2013676","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6480_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/53.8.805","volume":"53","author":"IS Grant","year":"1981","unstructured":"Grant IS, Nimmo WS, Clements JA (1981) Pharmacokinetics and analgesic effects of I.M. and oral ketamine. Br J Anaesth 53(8):805\u2013810","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"9","key":"6480_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2015.91","volume":"20","author":"AL Gray","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gray AL, Hyde TM, Deep-Soboslay A, Kleinman JE, Sodhi MS (2015) Sex differences in glutamate receptor gene expression in major depression and suicide. Mol Psychiatry 20(9):1057\u20131068","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"6480_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12487","volume":"19","author":"MF Grunebaum","year":"2017","unstructured":"Grunebaum MF, Ellis SP, Keilp JG, Moitra VK, Cooper TB, Marver JE, Burke AK, Milak MS, Sublette ME, Oquendo MA, Mann JJ (2017) Ketamine versus midazolam in bipolar depression with suicidal thoughts: a pilot midazolam-controlled randomized clinical trial. Bipolar Disord 19(3):176\u2013183","journal-title":"Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"6480_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17060647","volume":"175","author":"MF Grunebaum","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grunebaum MF, Galfalvy HC, Choo TH, Keilp JG, Moitra VK, Parris MS, Marver JE, Burke AK, Milak MS, Sublette ME, Oquendo MA, Mann JJ (2018) Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal thoughts in major depression: a midazolam-controlled randomized clinical trial. Am J Psychiatry 175(4):327\u2013335","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"6480_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2019.08.005","volume":"117","author":"MF Grunebaum","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grunebaum MF, Galfalvy HC, Choo TH, Parris MS, Burke AK, Suckow RF, Cooper TB, Mann JJ (2019) Ketamine metabolite pilot study in a suicidal depression trial. J Psychiatr Res 117:129\u2013134","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6480_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000001237","volume":"40","author":"MF Grunebaum","year":"2020","unstructured":"Grunebaum MF, Galfalvy HC, Liu J, Huang YY, Marcott S, Burke AK, Mann JJ (2020) Opioid receptor \u03bc-1 and ketamine effects in a suicidal depression trial: a post hoc exploration. J Clin Psychopharmacol 40(4):420\u2013422","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6480_CR41","first-page":"61","volume":"39","author":"DA Haas","year":"1992","unstructured":"Haas DA, Harper DG (1992) Ketamine: a review of its pharmacologic properties and use in ambulatory anesthesia. Anesth Prog 39(3):61","journal-title":"Anesth Prog"},{"issue":"2","key":"6480_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4786-3","volume":"235","author":"J Hartberg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hartberg J, Garrett-Walcott S, De Gioannis A (2018) Impact of oral ketamine augmentation on hospital admissions in treatment-resistant depression and PTSD: a retrospective study. Psychopharmacology 235(2):393\u2013398","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"6480_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-021-00816-x","volume":"35","author":"ID Henter","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henter ID, Park LT, Zarate CA (2021) Novel glutamatergic modulators for the treatment of mood disorders: current status. CNS Drugs 35(5):527\u2013543","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"6480_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199901000-00023","volume":"90","author":"K Hirota","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hirota K, Okawa H, Appadu BL, Grandy DK, Devi LA, Lambert DG (1999) Stereoselective interaction of ketamine with recombinant [micro sign], [small kappa, Greek], and [small delta, Greek] opioid receptors expressed in Chinese Hamster ovary cells. Anesthesiology 90(1):174\u2013182","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"6480_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2018.03.032","volume":"152","author":"M-F Ho","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ho M-F, Correia C, Ingle JN, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Wang L, Kaufmann SH, Weinshilboum RM (2018) Ketamine and ketamine metabolites as novel estrogen receptor ligands: induction of cytochrome P450 and AMPA glutamate receptor gene expression. Biochem Pharmacol 152:279\u2013292","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6480_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.05.011","volume":"90","author":"JR Holtman Jr","year":"2008","unstructured":"Holtman JR Jr, Crooks PA, Johnson-Hardy JK, Hojomat M, Kleven M, Wala EP (2008) Effects of norketamine enantiomers in rodent models of persistent pain. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 90(4):676\u2013685","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"8","key":"6480_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"958","DOI":"10.1089\/jpm.2012.0617","volume":"16","author":"SA Irwin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Irwin SA, Iglewicz A, Nelesen RA, Lo JY, Carr CH, Romero SD, Lloyd LS (2013) Daily oral ketamine for the treatment of depression and anxiety in patients receiving hospice care: a 28-day open-label proof-of-concept trial. J Palliat Med 16(8):958\u2013965","journal-title":"J Palliat Med"},{"key":"6480_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2016.05.076","volume":"204","author":"M Jafarinia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jafarinia M, Afarideh M, Tafakhori A, Arbabi M, Ghajar A, Noorbala AA, Saravi MA, Agah E, Akhondzadeh S (2016) Efficacy and safety of oral ketamine versus diclofenac to alleviate mild to moderate depression in chronic pain patients: a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Affect Disord 204:1\u20138","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"3","key":"6480_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-019-01084-z","volume":"271","author":"U Kaur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaur U, Pathak BK, Singh A, Chakrabarti SS (2021) Esketamine: a glimmer of hope in treatment-resistant depression. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 271(3):417\u2013429","journal-title":"Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"6480_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(73)71306-2","volume":"14","author":"E Khorramzadeh","year":"1973","unstructured":"Khorramzadeh E, Lofty AO (1973) The use of ketamine in psychiatry. Psychosomatics 14(6):344\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0033-3182(73)71306-2","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"issue":"3","key":"6480_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1994.03950030035004","volume":"51","author":"JH Krystal","year":"1994","unstructured":"Krystal JH, Karper LP, Seibyl JP, Freeman GK, Delaney R, Bremner JD, Heninger GR, Bowers MB, Charney DS (1994) Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans: psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses. Arch Gen Psychiatr 51(3):199\u2013214","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatr"},{"issue":"5","key":"6480_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2019.02.005","volume":"101","author":"JH Krystal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krystal JH, Abdallah CG, Sanacora G, Charney DS, Duman RS (2019) Ketamine: a paradigm shift for depression research and treatment. Neuron 101(5):774\u2013778","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"9","key":"6480_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2111","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145713000485","volume":"16","author":"DR Lara","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lara DR, Bisol LW, Munari LR (2013) Antidepressant, mood stabilizing and procognitive effects of very low dose sublingual ketamine in refractory unipolar and bipolar depression. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 16(9):2111\u20132117","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6480_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7425","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01246-3","volume":"26","author":"V Lazarevic","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lazarevic V, Yang Y, Flais I, Svenningsson P (2021) Ketamine decreases neuronally released glutamate via retrograde stimulation of presynaptic adenosine A1 receptors. Mol Psychiatry 26(12):7425\u20137435","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"6480_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12614","volume":"80","author":"Y Li","year":"2015","unstructured":"Li Y, Jackson KA, Slon B, Hardy JR, Franco M, William L, Poon P, Coller JK, Hutchinson MR, Currow DC, Somogyi AA (2015) CYP2B6*6 allele and age substantially reduce steady-state ketamine clearance in chronic pain patients: impact on adverse effects. Br J Clin Pharmacol 80(2):276\u2013284","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"6480_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00285","volume":"11","author":"Q Li","year":"2017","unstructured":"Li Q et al (2017) Chronic Ketamine Exposure Causes White Matter Microstructural Abnormalities in Adolescent Cynomolgus Monkeys. Front Neurosci 11:285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2017.00285","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"key":"6480_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2019.00043","volume":"13","author":"J Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu J et al (2019) The Role of NMDA Receptors in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. Front Neurosci 13:43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2019.00043","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6480_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12572","volume":"134","author":"CK Loo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Loo CK, G\u00e1lvez V, O\u2019Keefe E, Mitchell PB, Hadzi-Pavlovic D, Leyden J, Harper S, Somogyi AA, Lai R, Weickert CS (2016) Placebo-controlled pilot trial testing dose titration and intravenous, intramuscular and subcutaneous routes for ketamine in depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand 134(1):48\u201356","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"7","key":"6480_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1002\/ejp.624","volume":"19","author":"F Marchetti","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marchetti F, Coutaux A, Bellanger A, Magneux C, Bourgeois P, Mion G (2015) Efficacy and safety of oral ketamine for the relief of intractable chronic pain: a retrospective 5-year study of 51 patients. Eur J Pain 19(7):984\u2013993","journal-title":"Eur J Pain"},{"issue":"10","key":"6480_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crad.2010.05.003","volume":"65","author":"K Mason","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mason K, Cottrell AM, Corrigan AG, Gillatt DA, Mitchelmore AE (2010) Ketamine-associated lower urinary tract destruction: a new radiological challenge. Clin Radiol 65(10):795\u2013800","journal-title":"Clin Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6480_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026611313010005","volume":"13","author":"FS Menniti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Menniti FS, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Pandit J, Zagouras P, Volkmann RA (2013) Allosteric modulators for the treatment of schizophrenia: targeting glutamatergic networks. Curr Top Med Chem 13(1):26\u201354","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"6480_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1080\/15622975.2023.2169349","volume":"24","author":"S Meshkat","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meshkat S et al (2023) Oral Ketamine for Depression: An Updated Systematic Review. World J Biol Psychiatry 24(7):545\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15622975.2023.2169349","journal-title":"World J Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"6480_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12099","volume":"19","author":"G Mion","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mion G, Villevieille T (2013) Ketamine pharmacology: an update (Pharmacodynamics and Molecular Aspects, Recent Findings). CNS Neurosci Ther 19(6):370\u2013380","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"6480_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2008.01.024","volume":"95","author":"L Muetzelfeldt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muetzelfeldt L, Kamboj SK, Rees H, Taylor J, Morgan CJA, Curran HV (2008) Journey through the K-hole: phenomenological aspects of ketamine use. Drug Alcohol Depend 95(3):219\u2013229","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"10","key":"6480_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2013.13030392","volume":"170","author":"JW Murrough","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murrough JW, Iosifescu DV, Chang LC, Al Jurdi RK, Green CE, Perez AM, Iqbal S, Pillemer S, Foulkes A, Shah A, Charney DS, Mathew SJ (2013) Antidepressant efficacy of ketamine in treatment-resistant major depression: A two-site randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry 170(10):1134\u20131142","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"16","key":"6480_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3571","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001506","volume":"45","author":"JW Murrough","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murrough JW, Soleimani L, Dewilde KE, Collins KA, Lapidus KA, Iacoviello BM, Lener M, Kautz M, Kim J, Stern JB, Price RB, Perez AM, Brallier JW, Rodriguez GJ, Goodman WK, Iosifescu DV, Charney DS (2015) Ketamine for rapid reduction of suicidal ideation: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 45(16):3571\u20133580","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"6480_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-021-05767-1","volume":"238","author":"J Ng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ng J, Lui LMW, Rosenblat JD, Teopiz KM, Lipsitz O, Cha DS, Xiong J, Nasri F, Lee Y, Kratiuk K, Rodrigues NB, Gill H, Subramaniapillai M, Mansur RB, Ho R, Cao B, McIntyre RS (2021) Ketamine-induced urological toxicity: potential mechanisms and translation for adults with mood disorders receiving ketamine treatment. Psychopharmacology 238(4):917\u2013926","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"6","key":"6480_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1080\/14740338.2022.2071867","volume":"21","author":"D Nogo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nogo D, Nazal H, Song Y, Teopiz KM, Ho R, McIntyre RS, Lui LMW, Rosenblat JD (2022) A review of potential neuropathological changes associated with ketamine. Expert Opin Drug Saf 21(6):813\u2013831","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Saf"},{"issue":"1","key":"6480_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-022-06272-9","volume":"240","author":"JF Nottage","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nottage JF, Gabay A, De Meyer K, Herrik KF, Bastlund JF, Christensen SR, Gijsen S, Mehta MA (2023) The effect of ketamine and D-cycloserine on the high frequency resting EEG spectrum in humans. Psychopharmacology 240(1):59\u201375","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"6480_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2019.172547","volume":"860","author":"A Nowacka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nowacka A, Borczyk M (2019) Ketamine applications beyond anesthesia - a literature review. Eur J Pharmacol 860:172547","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6480_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharep.2018.02.011","volume":"70","author":"A Palucha-Poniewiera","year":"2018","unstructured":"Palucha-Poniewiera A (2018) The role of glutamatergic modulation in the mechanism of action of ketamine, a prototype rapid-acting antidepressant drug. Pharmacol Rep 70(5):837\u2013846","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"6480_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.01.005","volume":"44","author":"T Passie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Passie T, Adams H-A, Logemann F, Brandt SD, Wiese B, Karst M (2021) Comparative effects of (S)-ketamine and racemic (R\/S)-ketamine on psychopathology, state of consciousness and neurocognitive performance in healthy volunteers. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 44:92\u2013104","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6480_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-7843.2012.00908.x","volume":"111","author":"MA Peltoniemi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Peltoniemi MA, Saari TI, Hagelberg NM, Laine K, Kurkinen KJ, Neuvonen PJ, Olkkola KT (2012) Rifampicin has a profound effect on the pharmacokinetics of oral S-ketamine and less on intravenous S-ketamine. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 111(5):325\u2013332","journal-title":"Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"6480_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s40262-016-0383-6","volume":"55","author":"MA Peltoniemi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Peltoniemi MA, Hagelberg NM, Olkkola KT, Saari TI (2016) Ketamine: a review of clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in anesthesia and pain therapy. Clin Pharmacokinet 55:1059\u20131077","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacokinet"},{"issue":"6","key":"6480_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12264","volume":"77","author":"P Rolan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rolan P, Lim S, Sunderland V, Liu Y, Molnar V (2014) The absolute bioavailability of racemic ketamine from a novel sublingual formulation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 77(6):1011\u20131016","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6480_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31822ec185","volume":"115","author":"EA Romero-Sandoval","year":"2011","unstructured":"Romero-Sandoval EA (2011) Depression and pain: does ketamine improve the quality of life of patients in chronic pain by targeting their mood? Anesthesiology 115(4):687\u2013688","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"6480_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.18r12475","volume":"80","author":"JD Rosenblat","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rosenblat JD, Carvalho AF, Li M, Lee Y, Subramanieapillai M, McIntyre RS (2019) Oral ketamine for depression: a systematic review. J Clin Psychiatr 80:3","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"6480_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2015.15081082","volume":"173","author":"KM Schak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schak KM, Vande Voort JL, Johnson EK, Kung S, Leung JG, Rasmussen KG, Palmer BA, Frye MA (2016) Potential risks of poorly monitored ketamine use in depression treatment. Am J Psychiatry 173(3):215\u2013218","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"6480_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00044-5","volume":"82","author":"RL Schmid","year":"1999","unstructured":"Schmid RL, Sandler AN, Katz J (1999) Use and efficacy of low-dose ketamine in the management of acute postoperative pain: a review of current techniques and outcomes. Pain 82(2):111\u2013125","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"6480_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-7406.76478","volume":"3","author":"R Shaikh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Shaikh R, Raj Singh TR, Garland MJ, Woolfson AD, Donnelly RF (2011) Mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 3(1):89\u2013100","journal-title":"J Pharm Bioallied Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6480_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00269-3","volume":"81","author":"M Shimoyama","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shimoyama M, Shimoyama N, Gorman AL, Elliott KJ, Inturrisi CE (1999) Oral ketamine is antinociceptive in the rat formalin test: role of the metabolite, norketamine. Pain 81(1\u20132):85\u201393","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"8","key":"6480_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16010037","volume":"173","author":"JB Singh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singh JB, Fedgchin M, Daly EJ, De Boer P, Cooper K, Lim P, Pinter C, Murrough JW, Sanacora G, Shelton RC, Kurian B, Winokur A, Fava M, Manji H, Drevets WC, Van Nueten L (2016) A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-frequency study of intravenous ketamine in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Am J Psychiatry 173(8):816\u2013826","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"6480_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tacc.2014.03.002","volume":"4","author":"J Sleigh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sleigh J, Harvey M, Voss L, Denny B (2014) Ketamine \u2013 more mechanisms of action than just NMDA blockade. Trends Anaesth Crit Care 4(2):76\u201381","journal-title":"Trends Anaesth Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"6480_CR84","first-page":"68","volume":"214","author":"RD Sofia","year":"1975","unstructured":"Sofia RD, Harakal JJ (1975) Evaluation of ketamine HCl for anti-depressant activity. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 214(1):68\u201374","journal-title":"Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"6480_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1177\/1049909111416345","volume":"29","author":"E Soto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Soto E, Stewart DR, Mannes AJ, Ruppert SL, Baker K, Zlott D, Berger Handel D, AM, (2012) Oral ketamine in the palliative care setting: a review of the literature and case report of a patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 and glomus tumor-associated complex regional pain syndrome. Am J Hospice Palliat Med\u00ae 29(4):308\u2013317","journal-title":"Am J Hospice Palliat Med\u00ae"},{"issue":"3","key":"6480_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-022-00897-2","volume":"36","author":"J Swainson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Swainson J, Klassen LJ, Brennan S, Chokka P, Katzman MA, Tanguay RL, Khullar A (2022) Non-parenteral ketamine for depression: a practical discussion on addiction potential and recommendations for judicious prescribing. CNS Drugs 36(3):239\u2013251","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"6480_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2017.194","volume":"43","author":"JH Taylor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taylor JH, Landeros-Weisenberger A, Coughlin C, Mulqueen J, Johnson JA, Gabriel D, Reed MO, Jakubovski E, Bloch MH (2018) Ketamine for social anxiety disorder: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 43(2):325\u2013333","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"9","key":"6480_CR88","first-page":"219","volume":"8","author":"BA Vickers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vickers BA, Lee W, Hunsberger J (2017) A case report: subanesthetic ketamine infusion for treatment of cancer-related pain produces urinary urge incontinence. A&a Practice 8(9):219\u2013221","journal-title":"A&a Practice"},{"issue":"2","key":"6480_CR89","first-page":"119","volume":"56","author":"PF White","year":"1982","unstructured":"White PF, Way WL, Trevor AJ (1982) Ketamine\u2014its pharmacology and therapeutic uses. J Am Soc Anesthesiologists 56(2):119\u2013136","journal-title":"J Am Soc Anesthesiologists"},{"issue":"12","key":"6480_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.18020138","volume":"175","author":"NR Williams","year":"2018","unstructured":"Williams NR, Heifets BD, Blasey C, Sudheimer K, Pannu J, Pankow H, Hawkins J, Birnbaum J, Lyons DM, Rodriguez CI, Schatzberg AF (2018) Attenuation of antidepressant effects of ketamine by opioid receptor antagonism. Am J Psychiatry 175(12):1205\u20131215","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"6480_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200620030-00003","volume":"20","author":"K Wolff","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wolff K, Winstock AR (2006) Ketamine: from medicine to misuse. CNS Drugs 20:199\u2013218","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"6480_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1002\/bdd.336","volume":"24","author":"Y Yanagihara","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yanagihara Y, Ohtani M, Kariya S, Uchino K, Hiraishi T, Ashizawa N, Aoyama T, Yamamura Y, Yamada Y, Iga T (2003) Plasma concentration profiles of ketamine and norketamine after administration of various ketamine preparations to healthy Japanese volunteers. Biopharm Drug Dispos 24(1):37\u201343","journal-title":"Biopharm Drug Dispos"},{"issue":"7692","key":"6480_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/nature25509","volume":"554","author":"Y Yang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yang Y, Cui Y, Sang K, Dong Y, Ni Z, Ma S, Hu H (2018) Ketamine blocks bursting in the lateral habenula to rapidly relieve depression. Nature 554(7692):317\u2013322","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"6480_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2018.3990","volume":"76","author":"G Yoon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoon G, Petrakis IL, Krystal JH (2019) Association of combined naltrexone and ketamine with depressive symptoms in a case series of patients with depression and alcohol use disorder. JAMA Psychiat 76(3):337\u2013338","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"issue":"3","key":"6480_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.117.015198","volume":"70","author":"P Zanos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zanos P, Moaddel R, Morris PJ, Riggs LM, Highland JN, Georgiou P, Pereira EFR, Albuquerque EX, Thomas CJ, Zarate CA Jr, Gould TD (2018) Ketamine and ketamine metabolite pharmacology: insights into therapeutic mechanisms. Pharmacol Rev 70(3):621\u2013660","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"6480_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2021.09.005","volume":"54","author":"CA Zarate","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zarate CA (2022) Glutamate modulators and beyond: a neuroscience revolution in the making. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol: J Eur Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 54:72\u201374","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol: J Eur Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6480_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.249","volume":"22","author":"CA Zarate","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zarate CA, Machado-Vieira R (2017) Ketamine: translating mechanistic discoveries into the next generation of glutamate modulators for mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry 22(3):324\u2013327","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"8","key":"6480_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"856","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.63.8.856","volume":"63","author":"CA Zarate Jr","year":"2006","unstructured":"Zarate CA Jr, Singh JB, Carlson PJ, Brutsche NE, Ameli R, Luckenbaugh DA, Charney DS, Manji HK (2006) A randomized trial of an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist in treatment-resistant major depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry 63(8):856\u2013864","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-023-06480-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-023-06480-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-023-06480-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,11]],"date-time":"2023-11-11T00:03:18Z","timestamp":1699660998000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-023-06480-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"references-count":98,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["6480"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-023-06480-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 May 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 October 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}