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Thus, there is a need to advance novel medications for the treatment of opioid use and relapse.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We recently modeled maintenance treatment in rats and found that chronic delivery of buprenorphine and the mu opioid receptor (MOR) partial agonist TRV130 decreases relapse to oxycodone seeking and taking. In contrast, chronic delivery of the buprenorphine analog BU08028 had mixed effects on different heroin relapse-related measures. Here, we tested the effect of the mixed nociceptin (NOP) receptor\/MOR partial agonist AT-201 and the NOP receptor antagonist J-113397 on different heroin relapse-related measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We trained male and female rats to self-administer heroin (6-h\/d, 14-d) in context A and then implanted osmotic minipumps containing AT-201 (0, 3.8, or 12\u00a0mg\/kg\/d) or J-113397 (0, 12.6, or 40\u00a0mg\/kg\/d). Next, we tested the effect of chronic delivery of the compounds on (1) incubation of heroin seeking in a non-drug context B, (2) extinction responding reinforced by heroin-associated discrete cues in context B, (3) context A-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking, and (4) reacquisition of heroin self-administration in context A.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In females, AT-201 modestly\n                      <jats:italic>increased<\/jats:italic>\n                      reacquisition of heroin self-administration and J-113397 modestly\n                      <jats:italic>decreased<\/jats:italic>\n                      incubation of heroin seeking. The compounds had no effect on the other relapse-related measures in females, and no effect on any of the measures in males.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The NOP\/MOR partial agonist AT-201 and the NOP antagonist J-113397 did not mimic buprenorphine\u2019s inhibitory effects on relapse in a rat model of opioid maintenance treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-024-06678-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]],"date-time":"2024-09-13T03:02:45Z","timestamp":1726196565000},"page":"2497-2511","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Effect of chronic delivery of the NOP\/MOR partial agonist AT-201 and NOP antagonist J-113397 on heroin relapse in a rat model of opioid maintenance"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Jennifer M.","family":"Bossert","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiera E.","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Korah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashley","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hannah","family":"Bonbrest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ida","family":"Fredriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelley N.","family":"Jackson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Sulima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenner C.","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nurulain T.","family":"Zaveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yavin","family":"Shaham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"6678_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12386","volume":"22","author":"S Adhikary","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adhikary S, Caprioli D, Venniro M, Kallenberger P, Shaham Y, Bossert JM (2017) Incubation of extinction responding and cue-induced reinstatement, but not context- or drug priming-induced reinstatement, after withdrawal from methamphetamine. 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