{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T13:35:49Z","timestamp":1793367349965,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-024-06683-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T04:20:41Z","timestamp":1726114841000},"page":"1939-1954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Emerging roles of cannabinoid receptor CB2 receptor in the central nervous system: therapeutic target for CNS disorders"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Kanchan","family":"Bala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pratyush","family":"Porel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khadga Raj","family":"Aran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"6683_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Adel Y, Alexander SP (2021) Neuromolecular mechanisms of cannabis action. Cannabinoids Neuropsychiatric Disorders 15\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-030-57369-0_2","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-57369-0_2"},{"key":"6683_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Anthony AT, Rahmat S, Sangle P, Sandhu O, Khan S (2020) Cannabinoid receptors and their relationship with chronic pain: a narrative review. Cureus 12(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.10436","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.10436"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2174\/157015907780866884","volume":"5","author":"JC Ashton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ashton JC, Glass M (2007) The cannabinoid CB2 receptor as a target for inflammation-dependent neurodegeneration. Curr Neuropharmacol 5(2):73\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/157015907780866884","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"903","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160533","volume":"54","author":"E Aso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aso E, Andr\u00e9s-Benito P, Ferrer I (2016) Delineating the efficacy of a Cannabis-Based Medicine at Advanced Stages of Dementia in a murine model. J Alzheimers Dis 54(3):903\u2013912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-160533","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00729.x","volume":"160","author":"BK Atwood","year":"2010","unstructured":"Atwood BK, Mackie K (2010) CB2: a cannabinoid receptor with an identity crisis. Br J Pharmacol 160(3):467\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2010.00729.x","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"6683_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1087011","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1087011","volume":"14","author":"MM Aychman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Aychman MM, Goldman DL, Kaplan JS (2023) Cannabidiol\u2019s neuroprotective properties and potential treatment of traumatic brain injuries. Front Neurol 14:1087011. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2023.1087011","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"6683_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcn.2013.06.004","volume":"56","author":"C Bachmeier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bachmeier C, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Mullan M, Paris D (2013) Role of the cannabinoid system in the transit of beta-amyloid across the blood\u2013brain barrier. Mol Cell Neurosci 56:255\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mcn.2013.06.004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-011-8210-5","volume":"51","author":"S Basu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Basu S, Dittel BN (2011) Unraveling the complexities of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) immune regulation in health and disease. Immunol Res 51(1):26\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12026-011-8210-5","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6683_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(95)01207-u","volume":"375","author":"M Bayewitch","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bayewitch M, Avidor-Reiss T, Levy R, Barg J, Mechoulam R, Vogel Z (1995) The peripheral cannabinoid receptor: adenylate cyclase inhibition and G protein coupling. FEBS Lett 375(1\u20132):143\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-5793(95)01207-u","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707505","volume":"153","author":"C Benito","year":"2008","unstructured":"Benito C, Tol\u00f3n RM, Pazos MR, N\u00fa\u00f1ez E, Castillo AI, Romero J (2008) Cannabinoid CB2 receptors in human brain inflammation. Br J Pharmacol 153(2):277\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707505","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6683_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000616","volume":"31","author":"B Bie","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bie B, Wu J, Foss JF, Naguib M (2018) An overview of the cannabinoid type 2 receptor system and its therapeutic potential. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 31(4):407\u2013414. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ACO.0000000000000616","journal-title":"Curr Opin Anaesthesiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.06.004","volume":"76","author":"ML Block","year":"2005","unstructured":"Block ML, Hong JS (2005) Microglia and inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration: multiple triggers with a common mechanism. Prog Neurobiol 76(2):77\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.06.004","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.0704p.x","volume":"237","author":"M Bouaboula","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bouaboula M, Poinot-Chazel C, Marchand J, Canat X, Bourri\u00e9 B, Rinaldi-Carmona M, Calandra B, Le Fur G, Casellas P (1996) Signalling pathway associated with stimulation of CB2 peripheral cannabinoid receptor. Involvement of both mitogen-activated protein kinase and induction of Krox-24 expression. Eur J Biochem 237(3):704\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1996.0704p.x","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"issue":"50","key":"6683_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18259","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4008-12.2012","volume":"32","author":"J Bouchard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bouchard J, Truong J, Bouchard K, Dunkelberger D, Desrayaud S, Moussaoui S, Tabrizi SJ, Stella N, Muchowski PJ (2012) Cannabinoid receptor 2 signalling in peripheral immune cells modulates disease onset and severity in mouse models of Huntington\u2019s disease. J Neurosci 32(50):18259\u201318268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4008-12.2012","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"6683_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.4137\/PMC.S32171","volume":"8","author":"EW Bow","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bow EW, Rimoldi JM (2016) The structure-function relationships of classical cannabinoids: CB1\/CB2 modulation. Perspect Medicin Chem 8:17\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4137\/PMC.S32171","journal-title":"Perspect Medicin Chem"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"6683_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-2999(00)00211-9","volume":"396","author":"NE Buckley","year":"2000","unstructured":"Buckley NE, McCoy KL, Mezey E, Bonner T, Zimmer A, Felder CC, Glass M, Zimmer A (2000) Immunomodulation by cannabinoids is absent in mice deficient for the cannabinoid CB(2) receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 396(2\u20133):141\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0014-2999(00)00211-9","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"6683_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bueb JL, Lambert DM, Tschirhart EJ (2001) Receptor-independent effects of natural cannabinoids in rat peritoneal mast cells in vitro. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Cell Research. 1538(2\u20133):252\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0167-4889(01)00076-3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4889(01)00076-3"},{"key":"6683_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cabral GA, Griffin-Thomas L (2009) Emerging role of the cannabinoid receptor CB2 in immune regulation: therapeutic prospects for neuroinflammation. Expert Rev Mol Med. 2009;11: e3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1462399409000957","DOI":"10.1017\/S1462399409000957"},{"issue":"23\u201324","key":"6683_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2065","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(95)00190-H","volume":"56","author":"GA Cabral","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cabral GA, Toney DM, Fischer-Stenger K, Harrison MP, Marciano-Cabral F (1995) Anandamide inhibits macrophage-mediated killing of tumor necrosis factor-sensitive cells. Life Sci 56(23\u201324):2065\u20132072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0024-3205(95)00190-H","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-2999(99)00349-0","volume":"374","author":"B Calandra","year":"1999","unstructured":"Calandra B, Portier M, Kern\u00e9is A, Delpech M, Carillon C, Le Fur G, Ferrara P, Shire D (1999) Dual intracellular signalling pathways mediated by the human cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Eur J Pharmacol 374(3):445\u2013455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0014-2999(99)00349-0","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6683_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.05.003","volume":"177","author":"TM Calderon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Calderon TM, Eugenin EA, Lopez L, Kumar SS, Hesselgesser J, Raine CS, Berman JW (2006) A role for CXCL12 (SDF-1alpha) in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: regulation of CXCL12 expression in astrocytes by soluble myelin basic protein. J Neuroimmunol 177(1\u20132):27\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2006.05.003","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6683_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3605","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V92.10.3605.422k05_3605_3615","volume":"92","author":"P Carayon","year":"1998","unstructured":"Carayon P, Marchand J, Dussossoy D, Derocq JM, Jbilo O, Bord A, Bouaboula M, Gali\u00e8gue S, Mondiere P, P\u00e9narier G, Fur GL (1998) Modulation and functional involvement of CB2 peripheral cannabinoid receptors during B-cell differentiation. Blood J Am Soc Hematol 92(10):3605\u20133615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1182\/blood.V92.10.3605.422k05_3605_3615","journal-title":"Blood J Am Soc Hematol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00031-10","volume":"75","author":"M Cargnello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cargnello M, Roux PP (2011) Activation and function of the MAPKs and their substrates, the MAPK-activated protein kinases. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 75(1):50\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/MMBR.00031-10","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Rev"},{"issue":"17","key":"6683_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4406","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702237114","volume":"114","author":"M Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen M, Wolynes PG (2017) Aggregation landscapes of huntingtin exon 1 protein fragments and the critical repeat length for the onset of Huntington\u2019s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 114(17):4406\u20134411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1702237114","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"23","key":"6683_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6079","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20236079","volume":"20","author":"KAK Cheung","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheung KAK, Peiris H, Wallace G, Holland OJ, Mitchell MD (2019) The interplay between the Endocannabinoid System, Epilepsy and cannabinoids. Int J Mol Sci 20(23):6079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20236079","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"9","key":"6683_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.4103\/1673-5374.191208","volume":"11","author":"RM Concannon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Concannon RM, Dowd E (2016) Central CB2 receptors in inflammation-driven neurodegeneration: dysregulation and therapeutic potential. Neural Regeneration Res 11(9):1409\u20131410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1673-5374.191208","journal-title":"Neural Regeneration Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6176","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms7176","volume":"6","author":"C Condello","year":"2015","unstructured":"Condello C, Yuan P, Schain A, Grutzendler J (2015) Microglia constitute a barrier that prevents neurotoxic protofibrillar A\u03b242 hotspots around plaques. Nat Commun 6(1):6176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms7176","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.09.014","volume":"77","author":"F Correa","year":"2009","unstructured":"Correa F, Docagne F, Mestre L, Clemente D, Hernang\u00f3mez M, Lor\u00eda F, Guaza CA (2009) Role for CB2 receptors in anandamide signalling pathways involved in the regulation of IL-12 and IL-23 in microglial cells. Biochem Pharmacol 77(1):86\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2008.09.014","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20907","volume":"58","author":"F Correa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Correa F, Hernang\u00f3mez M, Mestre L, Lor\u00eda F, Spagnolo A, Docagne F, Di Marzo V, Guaza C (2010) Anandamide enhances IL-10 production in activated microglia by targeting CB(2) receptors: roles of ERK1\/2, JNK, and NF-kappaB. Glia 58(2):135\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.20907","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"9","key":"6683_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3517","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.30837","volume":"237","author":"S Dalle","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dalle S, Schouten M, Meeus G, Slagmolen L, Koppo K (2022) Molecular networks underlying cannabinoid signalling in skeletal muscle plasticity. J Cell Physiol 237(9):3517\u20133540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcp.30837","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"6683_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.2014.918603","volume":"23","author":"MP Davis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davis MP (2014) Cannabinoids in pain management: CB1, CB2 and non-classic receptor ligands. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 23(8):1123\u20131140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/13543784.2014.918603","journal-title":"Expert Opin Investig Drugs"},{"issue":"8","key":"6683_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1672","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.211","volume":"154","author":"D De Filippis","year":"2008","unstructured":"De Filippis D, Russo A, D\u2019amico A, Esposito G, Concetta P, Cinelli M, Russo G, Iuvone T (2008) Cannabinoids reduce granuloma-associated angiogenesis in rats by controlling transcription and expression of mast cell protease\u20105. Br J Pharmacol 154(8):1672\u20131679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/bjp.2008.211","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"key":"6683_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Demuth DG, Molleman A (2006) Cannabinoid signalling. Life Sci. 2006;78(6):549\u2009\u2013\u200963. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.05.055","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.05.055"},{"issue":"5090","key":"6683_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1946","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1470919","volume":"258","author":"WA Devane","year":"1992","unstructured":"Devane WA, Hanus L, Breuer A, Pertwee RG, Stevenson LA, Griffin G, Gibson D, Mandelbaum A, Etinger A (1992) Mechoulam R. isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor. Science 258(5090):1946\u20131949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1470919","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3876","volume":"16","author":"V Di Marzo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Di Marzo V, Stella N, Zimmer A (2015) Endocannabinoid signalling and the deteriorating brain. Nat Rev Neurosci 16(1):30\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3876","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"6683_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2373","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.173.4.2373","volume":"173","author":"Y Do","year":"2004","unstructured":"Do Y, McKallip RJ, Nagarkatti M, Nagarkatti PS (2004) Activation through cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 on dendritic cells triggers NF-\u03baB-dependent apoptosis: novel role for endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids in immunoregulation. J Immunol 173(4):2373\u20132382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.173.4.2373","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"6683_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-2-29","volume":"2","author":"J Ehrhart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ehrhart J, Obregon D, Mori T, Hou H, Sun N, Bai Y, Klein T, Fernandez F, Tan J, Shytle RD (2005) Stimulation of cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) suppresses microglial activation. J Neuroinflammation 2:29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-2094-2-29","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"8","key":"6683_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1272","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707337","volume":"151","author":"G Esposito","year":"2006","unstructured":"Esposito G, Scuderi C, Savani C, Steardo L Jr, De Filippis D, Cottone P, Iuvone T, Cuomo V, Steardo L (2006) Cannabidiol in vivo blunts beta-amyloid induced neuroinflammation by suppressing IL-1beta and iNOS expression. Br J Pharmacol 151(8):1272\u20131279. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707337","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.107.121566","volume":"322","author":"G Esposito","year":"2007","unstructured":"Esposito G, Iuvone T, Savani C, Scuderi C, De Filippis D, Papa M, Di Marzo V, Steardo L (2007) Opposing control of cannabinoid receptor stimulation on amyloid-\u03b2-induced reactive gliosis: in vitro and in vivo evidence. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 322(3):1144\u20131152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.107.121566","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"6683_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1021\/mp060066m","volume":"3","author":"LM Eubanks","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eubanks LM, Rogers CJ, Beuscher AE 4th, Koob GF, Olson AJ, Dickerson TJ, Janda KD (2006) A molecular link between the active component of marijuana and Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology. Mol Pharm 3(6):773\u2013777. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/mp060066m","journal-title":"Mol Pharm"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1007\/s11481-013-9434-z","volume":"8","author":"UB Eyo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Eyo UB, Dailey ME (2013) Microglia: key elements in neural development, plasticity, and pathology. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 8(3):494\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11481-013-9434-z","journal-title":"J Neuroimmune Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tips.2006.11.001","volume":"28","author":"J Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz J, Romero J, Velasco G, Tol\u00f3n RM, Ramos JA, Guzm\u00e1n M (2007) Cannabinoid CB2 receptor: a new target for controlling neural cell survival? Trends Pharmacol Sci 28(1):39\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tips.2006.11.001","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132 Suppl 1","key":"6683_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2008.01.001","volume":"286","author":"J Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz J, Pazos MR, Garc\u00eda-Arencibia M, Sagredo O, Ramos JA (2008) Role of CB2 receptors in neuroprotective effects of cannabinoids. Mol Cell Endocrinol 286(1\u20132 Suppl 1):S91\u2013S96. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mce.2008.01.001","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol"},{"key":"6683_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.04.002","volume":"595","author":"W Fu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fu W, Taylor BK (2015) Activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors reduces hyperalgesia in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mouse model of multiple sclerosis. Neurosci Lett 595:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2015.04.002","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.22074\/cellj.2016.4867","volume":"19","author":"N Ghasemi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghasemi N, Razavi S, Nikzad E (2017) Multiple sclerosis: Pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnoses and Cell-based therapy. Cell J 19(1):1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22074\/cellj.2016.4867","journal-title":"Cell J"},{"key":"6683_CR47","first-page":"137","volume":"298","author":"M Ghonghadze","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ghonghadze M, Pachkoria K, Okujava M, Antelava N, Gongadze N (2020) Endocannabinoids receptors mediated central and peripheral effects (review). Georgian Med News 298:137\u2013143","journal-title":"Georgian Med News"},{"key":"6683_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.03.017","volume":"64","author":"Y G\u00f3mez-G\u00e1lvez","year":"2016","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-G\u00e1lvez Y, Palomo-Garo C, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz J, Garc\u00eda C (2016) Potential of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor as a pharmacological target against inflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 64:200\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2015.03.017","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"6683_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2878","DOI":"10.1038\/cddis.2017.275","volume":"8","author":"Y Gu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gu Y, Wang Z, Shi J (2017) Titanium particle-induced osteogenic inhibition and bone destruction are mediated by the GSK-3\u03b2\/\u03b2-catenin signal pathway. Cell Death Dis 8:e2878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cddis.2017.275","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3102","volume":"16","author":"MT Heneka","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heneka MT, Golenbock DT, Latz E (2015) Innate immunity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Immunol 16(3):229\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ni.3102","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6683_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.803","volume":"43","author":"P Hollingworth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hollingworth P, Harold D, Sims R, Gerrish A, Lambert JC, Carrasquillo MM, Abraham R, Hamshere ML, Pahwa JS, Moskvina V, Dowzell K, Jones N, Stretton A, Thomas C, Richards A, Ivanov D, Widdowson C, Chapman J, Lovestone S, Powell J, Proitsi P, Lupton MK, Brayne C, Rubinsztein DC, Gill M, Lawlor B, Lynch A, Brown KS, Passmore PA, Craig D, McGuinness B, Todd S, Holmes C, Mann D, Smith AD, Beaumont H, Warden D, Wilcock G, Love S, Kehoe PG, Hooper NM, Vardy ER, Hardy J, Mead S, Fox NC, Rossor M, Collinge J, Maier W, Jessen F, R\u00fcther E, Sch\u00fcrmann B, Heun R, K\u00f6lsch H, van den Bussche H, Heuser I, Kornhuber J, Wiltfang J, Dichgans M, Fr\u00f6lich L, Hampel H, Gallacher J, H\u00fcll M, Rujescu D, Giegling I, Goate AM, Kauwe JS, Cruchaga C, Nowotny P, Morris JC, Mayo K, Sleegers K, Bettens K, Engelborghs S, De Deyn PP, Van Broeckhoven C, Livingston G, Bass NJ, Gurling H, McQuillin A, Gwilliam R, Deloukas P, Al-Chalabi A, Shaw CE, Tsolaki M, Singleton AB, Guerreiro R, M\u00fchleisen TW, N\u00f6then MM, Moebus S, J\u00f6ckel KH, Klopp N, Wichmann HE, Pankratz VS, Sando SB, Aasly JO, Barcikowska M, Wszolek ZK, Dickson DW, Graff-Radford NR, Petersen RC, Alzheimer, van Duijn CM, Breteler MM, Ikram MA, DeStefano AL, Fitzpatrick AL, Lopez O, Launer LJ, Seshadri S, CHARGE consortium, Berr C, Campion D, Epelbaum J, Dartigues JF, Tzourio C, Alp\u00e9rovitch A, Lathrop M, Friedrich P, Riehle C, Krawczak M, Schreiber S, Mayhaus M, Nicolhaus S, Wagenpfeil S, Steinberg S, Stefansson H, Stefansson K, Snaedal J, Bj\u00f6rnsson S, Jonsson PV, Chouraki V, Genier-Boley B, Hiltunen M, Soininen H, Combarros O, Zelenika D, Delepine M, Bullido MJ, Pasquier F, Mateo I, Frank-Garcia A, Porcellini E, Hanon O, Coto E, Alvarez V, Bosco P, Siciliano G, Mancuso M, Panza F, Solfrizzi V, Nacmias B, Sorbi S, Boss\u00f9 P, Piccardi P, Arosio B, Annoni G, Seripa D, Pilotto A, Scarpini E, Galimberti D, Brice A, Hannequin D, Licastro F, Jones L, Holmans PA, Jonsson T, Riemenschneider M, Morgan K, Younkin SG, Owen MJ, O\u2019Donovan M, Amouyel P, Williams J (2011) Nat Genet 43(5):429\u2013435 Common variants at ABCA7, MS4A6A\/MS4A4E, EPHA1, CD33 and CD2AP are associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ng.803","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"6683_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2008.04.011","volume":"61","author":"M Jimenez-Del-Rio","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jimenez-Del-Rio M, Daza-Restrepo A, Velez-Pardo (2008) The cannabinoid CP55,940 prolongs survival and improves locomotor activity in Drosophila melanogaster against paraquat: implications in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurosci Res 61(4):404\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neures.2008.04.011","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"6683_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(94)90588-6","volume":"48","author":"NE Kaminski","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kaminski NE, Koh WS, Yang KH, Lee M, Kessler FK (1994) Suppression of the humoral immune response by cannabinoids is partially mediated through inhibition of adenylate cyclase by a pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein coupled mechanism. Biochem Pharmacol 48(10):1899\u20131908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-2952(94)90588-6","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00011.2010","volume":"91","author":"H Kettenmann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kettenmann H, Hanisch UK, Noda M, Verkhratsky A (2011) Physiology of microglia. Physiol Rev 91(2):461\u2013553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00011.2010","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"Pt3","key":"6683_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20041163","volume":"386","author":"M Kishimotos, Gokoh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kishimotos, Gokoh M (2005) 2-Arachidonoylglycerol, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand, induces rapid actin polymerization in HL-60 cells differentiated into macrophage-like cells April 2005. Biochem J 386(Pt3):583\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BJ20041163","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"4","key":"6683_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705304","volume":"139","author":"A Klegeris","year":"2003","unstructured":"Klegeris A, Bissonnette CJ, McGeer PL (2003) Reduction of human monocytic cell neurotoxicity and cytokine secretion by ligands of the cannabinoid-type CB2 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 139(4):775\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0705304","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1155\/2001\/326867","volume":"6","author":"TW Klein","year":"2001","unstructured":"Klein TW, Newton CA, Friedman H (2001) Cannabinoids and the immune system. Pain Res Manag 6(2):95\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2001\/326867","journal-title":"Pain Res Manag"},{"issue":"4","key":"6683_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1189\/jlb.0303101","volume":"74","author":"TW Klein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Klein TW, Newton C, Larsen K, Lu L, Perkins I, Nong L, Friedman H (2003) The cannabinoid system and immune modulation. J Leukoc Biol 74(4):486\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1189\/jlb.0303101","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"6683_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.03.015","volume":"110","author":"A K\u00f6falvi","year":"2016","unstructured":"K\u00f6falvi A, Lemos C, Mart\u00edn-Moreno AM, Pinheiro BS, Garc\u00eda-Garc\u00eda L, Pozo MA, Val\u00e9rio-Fernandes \u00c2, Beleza RO, Agostinho P, Rodrigues RJ, Pasquar\u00e9 SJ (2016) Stimulation of brain glucose uptake by cannabinoid CB2 receptors and its therapeutic potential in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuropharmacology 110:519\u2013529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2016.03.015","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010019","volume":"22","author":"JA Komorowska-M\u00fcller","year":"2020","unstructured":"Komorowska-M\u00fcller JA, Schm\u00f6le AC (2020) CB2 receptor in Microglia: the Guardian of Self-Control. Int J Mol Sci 22(1):19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22010019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3233\/jad-2008-15315","volume":"15","author":"J Koppel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koppel J, Davies P (2008) Targeting the Endocannabinoid System in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 15(3):495\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/jad-2008-15315","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"6683_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00413","volume":"10","author":"A Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar A (2018) Neuroinflammation and cognition. Front Aging Neurosci 10:413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2018.00413","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"issue":"18","key":"6683_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12908","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M510871200","volume":"281","author":"R Kurihara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kurihara R, Tohyama Y, Matsusaka S, Naruse H, Kinoshita E, Tsujioka T, Katsumata Y, Yamamura H (2006) Effects of peripheral cannabinoid receptor ligands on motility and polarization in neutrophil-like HL60 cells and human neutrophils. J Biol Chem 281(18):12908\u201312918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M510871200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1186\/s40035-020-00221-2","volume":"9","author":"HS Kwon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kwon HS, Koh SH (2020) Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative disorders: the roles of microglia and astrocytes. Transl Neurodegener 9(1):42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40035-020-00221-2","journal-title":"Transl Neurodegener"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6683_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.11.009","volume":"19","author":"I Lastres-Becker","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lastres-Becker I, Molina-Holgado F, Ramos JA, Mechoulam R, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz J (2005) Cannabinoids provide neuroprotection against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in vivo and in vitro: relevance to Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Dis 19(1\u20132):96\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2004.11.009","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.2174\/1874467207666140219122337","volume":"6","author":"N Leleu-Chavain","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leleu-Chavain N, Desreumaux P, Chavatte P, Millet R (2013) Therapeutical potential of CB\u2082 receptors in immune-related diseases. Curr Mol Pharmacol 6(3):183\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1874467207666140219122337","journal-title":"Curr Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"6683_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Li X, Chang H, Bouma J (2023) Structural basis of selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor activation. Nat Commun 14, 1447 (2023). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-023-37112-9","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-37112-9"},{"issue":"7","key":"6683_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.07.028","volume":"79","author":"HC Lu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lu HC, Mackie K (2016) An introduction to the endogenous cannabinoid system. Biol Psychiatry 79(7):516\u2013525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2015.07.028","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8299-0","volume":"46","author":"A Luchicchi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Luchicchi A, Pistis M (2012) Anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol: pharmacological properties, functional features, and emerging specificities of the two major endocannabinoids. Mol Neurobiol 46(2):374\u2013392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-012-8299-0","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6683_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.10.5.653","volume":"10","author":"CA Lunn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lunn CA, Reich EP, Bober L (2006) Targeting the CB2 receptor for immune modulation. Expert Opin Ther Targets 10(5):653\u2013663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/14728222.10.5.653","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03380","volume":"95","author":"K Maresz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maresz K, Carrier EJ, Ponomarev ED, Hillard CJ, Dittel BN (2005) Modulation of the cannabinoid CB2 receptor in microglial cells in response to inflammatory stimuli. J Neurochem 95(2):437\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2005.03380","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"15","key":"6683_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3771","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2002.03078.x","volume":"269","author":"I Matias","year":"2002","unstructured":"Matias I, Pochard P, Orlando P, Salzet M, Pestel J, Di Marzo V (2002) Presence and regulation of the endocannabinoid system in human dendritic cells. Eur J Biochem 269(15):3771\u20133778. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1432-1033.2002.03078.x","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"6683_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.06.016","volume":"59","author":"M Mecha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mecha M, Feli\u00fa A, I\u00f1igo PM, Mestre L, Carrillo-Salinas FJ, Guaza C (2013) Cannabidiol provides long-lasting protection against the deleterious effects of inflammation in a viral model of multiple sclerosis: a role for A2A receptors. Neurobiol Dis 59:141\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2013.06.016","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"6683_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143739","volume":"64","author":"R Mechoulam","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mechoulam R, Parker LA (2013) The endocannabinoid system and the brain. Annu Rev Psychol 64:21\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-113011-143739","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(95)00109-d","volume":"50","author":"R Mechoulam","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mechoulam R, Ben-Shabat S, Hanus L, Ligumsky M, Kaminski NE, Schatz AR, Gopher A, Almog S, Martin BR, Compton DR (1995) Identification of an endogenous 2-monoglyceride, present in canine gut, that binds to cannabinoid receptors. Biochem Pharmacol 50(1):83\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-2952(95)00109-d","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.12.002","volume":"138","author":"V Micale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Micale V, Di Marzo V, Sulcova A, Wotjak CT, Drago F (2013) Endocannabinoid system and mood disorders: priming a target for new therapies. Pharmacol Ther 138(1):18\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2012.12.002","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"16","key":"6683_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6470","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-16-06470.2003","volume":"23","author":"F Molina-Holgado","year":"2003","unstructured":"Molina-Holgado F, Pinteaux E, Moore JD, Molina-Holgado E, Guaza C, Gibson RM, Rothwell NJ (2003) Endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mediates anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions of cannabinoids in neurons and glia. J Neurosci 23(16):6470\u20136474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-16-06470.2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"6683_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866052","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.866052","volume":"13","author":"A Morcuende","year":"2022","unstructured":"Morcuende A, Garc\u00eda-Guti\u00e9rrez MS, Tambaro S, Nieto E, Manzanares J, Femenia T (2022) Immunomodulatory Role of CB2 receptors in Emotional and Cognitive disorders. Front Psychiatry 13:866052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.866052","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-018-0035-5","volume":"40","author":"R Ni","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ni R, Mu L, Ametamey S (2019) Positron emission tomography of type 2 cannabinoid receptors for detecting inflammation in the central nervous system. Acta Pharmacol Sin 40(3):351\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-018-0035-5","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"4","key":"6683_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics15041151","volume":"15","author":"RA Nouh","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nouh RA, Kamal A, Abdelnaser A (2023) Cannabinoids and multiple sclerosis: a critical analysis of therapeutic potentials and safety concerns. Pharmaceutics 15(4):1151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/pharmaceutics15041151","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"4","key":"6683_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20050","volume":"53","author":"E Nunez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nunez E, Benito C, Pazos MR, Barbachano A, Fajardo O, Gonz\u00e1lez S, Tol\u00f3n RM, Romero J (2004) Cannabinoid CB2 receptors are expressed by perivascular microglial cells in the human brain: an immunohistochemical study. Synapse 53(4):208\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/syn.20050","journal-title":"Synapse"},{"issue":"4","key":"6683_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/s00109-011-0846-z","volume":"90","author":"S Oddi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Oddi S, Latini L, Viscomi MT, Bisicchia E, Molinari M, Maccarrone M (2012) Distinct regulation of nNOS and iNOS by CB2 receptor in remote delayed neurodegeneration. J Mol Med (Berl) 90(4):371\u2013387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00109-011-0846-z","journal-title":"J Mol Med (Berl)"},{"issue":"4","key":"6683_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.4.1162","volume":"117","author":"SM Opal","year":"2000","unstructured":"Opal SM, DePalo VA (2000) Anti-inflammatory cytokines. Chest 117(4):1162\u20131172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.117.4.1162","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"Pt 11","key":"6683_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3152","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awp239","volume":"132","author":"J Palazuelos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Palazuelos J, Aguado T, Pazos MR, Julien B, Carrasco C, Resel E, Sagredo O, Benito C, Romero J, Azcoitia I, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz J, Guzm\u00e1n M, Galve-Roperh I (2009) Microglial CB2 cannabinoid receptors are neuroprotective in Huntington\u2019s disease excitotoxicity. Brain 132(Pt 11):3152\u20133164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/brain\/awp239","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"6683_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00258","volume":"12","author":"TH Palpagama","year":"2019","unstructured":"Palpagama TH, Waldvogel HJ, Faull RLM, Kwakowsky A (2019) The role of microglia and astrocytes in Huntington\u2019s Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 12:258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00258","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"6683_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.2174\/1389450110607011539","volume":"7","author":"A Paradisi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Paradisi A, Oddi S, Maccarrone M (2006) The endocannabinoid system in ageing: a new target for drug development. Curr Drug Targets 7(11):1539\u20131552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1389450110607011539","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"issue":"23","key":"6683_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.2174\/138161208785740108","volume":"14","author":"M Pazos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pazos M, Sagredo O, Fernandez-Ruiz J (2008) The endocannabinoid system in Huntington\u2019s disease. Curr Pharm Design 14(23):2317\u20132325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/138161208785740108","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Design"},{"issue":"5","key":"6683_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20462","volume":"57","author":"A Pisani","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pisani A (2005) High endogenous cannabinoid levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of untreated Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. Annals Neurology: Official J Am Neurol Association Child Neurol Soc 57(5):777\u2013779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.20462","journal-title":"Annals Neurology: Official J Am Neurol Association Child Neurol Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707617","volume":"153","author":"ES Raborn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Raborn ES, Cabral GA, Griffin L, Dennis J, Marciano-Cabral F (2008) CB2 receptors in the brain: role in central immune function. Br J Pharmacol 153(2):240\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bjp.0707617","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6683_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1350","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24071350","volume":"24","author":"RS Rodrigues","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rodrigues RS, Louren\u00e7o DM, Paulo SL, Mateus JM, Ferreira MF, Mouro FM, Moreira JB, Ribeiro FF, Sebasti\u00e3o AM, Xapelli S (2019) Cannabinoid actions on neural stem cells: implications for pathophysiology. Molecules 24(7):1350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules24071350","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1089\/can.2020.0183","volume":"6","author":"XM Rodr\u00edguez Mesa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rodr\u00edguez Mesa XM, Moreno Vergara AF, Contreras Bola\u00f1os LA, Guevara Moriones N, Mej\u00eda Pi\u00f1eros AL, Santander Gonz\u00e1lez SP (2021) Therapeutic prospects of cannabinoids in the Immunomodulation of Prevalent Autoimmune diseases. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 6(3):196\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/can.2020.0183","journal-title":"Cannabis Cannabinoid Res"},{"key":"6683_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-8069-5-25","volume":"5","author":"EA Romero-Sandoval","year":"2009","unstructured":"Romero-Sandoval EA, Horvath R, Landry RP, DeLeo JA (2009) Cannabinoid receptor type 2 activation induces a microglial anti-inflammatory phenotype and reduces migration via MKP induction and ERK dephosphorylation. Mol Pain 5:25. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1744-8069-5-25","journal-title":"Mol Pain"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2174\/157015912800604515","volume":"10","author":"VM Saito","year":"2012","unstructured":"Saito VM, Rezende RM, Teixeira AL (2012) Cannabinoid modulation of neuroinflammatory disorders. Curr Neuropharmacol 10(2):159\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/157015912800604515","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)01085-0","volume":"436","author":"C S\u00e1nchez","year":"1998","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez C, Galve-Roperh I, Canova C, Brachet P, Guzm\u00e1n M (1998) \u22069-Tetrahydrocannabinol induces apoptosis in C6 glioma cells. FEBS Lett 436(1):6\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0014-5793(98)01085-0","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"17","key":"6683_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2473","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201797397","volume":"36","author":"H Sasaguri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sasaguri H, Nilsson P, Hashimoto S, Nagata K, Saito T, De Strooper B, Hardy J, Vassar R, Winblad B, Saido TC (2017) APP mouse models for Alzheimer\u2019s disease preclinical studies. EMBO J 36(17):2473\u20132487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/embj.201797397","journal-title":"EMBO J"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(94)90152-X","volume":"55","author":"H Schwarz","year":"1994","unstructured":"Schwarz H, Blanco FJ, Lotz M (1994) Anadamide, an endogenous cannabinoid receptor agonist inhibits lymphocyte proliferation and induces apoptosis. J Neuroimmunol 55(1):107\u2013115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-5728(94)90152-X","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6683_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.15252\/emmm.201606210","volume":"8","author":"DJ Selkoe","year":"2016","unstructured":"Selkoe DJ, Hardy J (2016) The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease at 25 years. EMBO Mol Med 8(6):595\u2013608. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15252\/emmm.201606210","journal-title":"EMBO Mol Med"},{"key":"6683_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825086","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.825086","volume":"14","author":"F Shao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shao F, Wang X, Wu H, Wu Q, Zhang J (2022) Microglia and Neuroinflammation: crucial pathological mechanisms in traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neurodegeneration. Front Aging Neurosci 14:825086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2022.825086","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"6683_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00006","author":"A Sierra","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sierra A, Abiega O, Shahraz A, Neumann H (2013) Janus-faced microglia: beneficial and detrimental consequences of microglial phagocytosis. Front Cell Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2013.00006","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"6683_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5739","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23105739","volume":"23","author":"RA Sophocleous","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sophocleous RA, Ooi L, Sluyter R (2022) The P2X4 receptor: cellular and molecular characteristics of a promising neuroinflammatory target. Int J Mol Sci 23(10):5739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms23105739","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.811992","volume":"119","author":"K Sugamura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sugamura K, Sugiyama S, Nozaki T, Matsuzawa Y, Izumiya Y, Miyata K, Nakayama M, Kaikita K, Obata T, Takeya M, Ogawa H (2009) Activated endocannabinoid system in coronary artery disease and antiinflammatory effects of cannabinoid 1 receptor blockade on macrophages. Circulation 119(1):28\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.811992","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"4","key":"6683_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.05.010","volume":"90","author":"I Sv\u00edzensk\u00e1","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sv\u00edzensk\u00e1 I, Dubov\u00fd P, Sulcov\u00e1 A (2008) Cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), their distribution, ligands and functional involvement in nervous system structures\u2013a short review. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 90(4):501\u2013511. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.05.010","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"6683_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2006.10.029","volume":"72","author":"YF Tai","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tai YF, Pavese N, Gerhard A, Tabrizi SJ, Barker RA, Brooks DJ, Piccini P (2007) Imaging microglial activation in Huntington\u2019s disease. Brain Res Bull 72(2\u20133):148\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2006.10.029","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"6683_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-014-9070-5","volume":"53","author":"Y Tang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tang Y, Le W (2016) Differential roles of M1 and M2 microglia in neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Neurobiol 53(2):1181\u20131194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-014-9070-5","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"6683_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3845","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073845","volume":"25","author":"H Tong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tong H, Yang T, Xu S, Li X, Liu L, Zhou G, Yang S, Yin S, Li XJ, Li S (2024) Huntington\u2019s disease: complex pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies. Int J Mol Sci 25(7):3845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25073845","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"6683_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24050918","volume":"24","author":"KF T\u00f3th","year":"2019","unstructured":"T\u00f3th KF, \u00c1d\u00e1m D, B\u00edr\u00f3 T, Ol\u00e1h A (2019) Cannabinoid signalling in the skin: therapeutic potential of the Cannabinoid System. Molecules 24(5):918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules24050918","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"23","key":"6683_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4449","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-016-2300-4","volume":"73","author":"C Turcotte","year":"2016","unstructured":"Turcotte C, Blanchet MR, Laviolette M, Flamand N (2016) The CB2 receptor and its role as a regulator of inflammation. Cell Mol Life Sci 73(23):4449\u20134470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-016-2300-4","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"key":"6683_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832854","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2022.832854","volume":"16","author":"M Wang","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wang M, Liu H, Ma Z (2002) Roles of the Cannabinoid System in the basal ganglia in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Front Cell Neurosci 16:832854. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2022.832854","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"6683_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4731","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-017-0676-2","volume":"55","author":"L Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang L, Liu BJ, Cao Y, Xu WQ, Sun DS, Li MZ, Shi FX, Li M, Tian Q, Wang JZ, Zhou XW (2018) Deletion of Type-2 cannabinoid receptor induces Alzheimer\u2019s Disease-Like Tau Pathology and Memory Impairment through AMPK\/GSK3\u03b2 Pathway. Mol Neurobiol 55(6):4731\u20134744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12035-017-0676-2","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.06.011","volume":"34","author":"J Wu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wu J, Bie B, Yang H, Xu JJ, Brown DL, Naguib M (2013) Activation of the CB2 receptor system reverses amyloid-induced memory deficiency. Neurobiol Aging 34(3):791\u2013804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2012.06.011","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"6683_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00193","volume":"9","author":"HM Yang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yang HM, Yang S, Huang SS, Tang BS, Guo JF (2017) Microglial activation in the Pathogenesis of Huntington\u2019s Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 9:193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2017.00193","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"6683_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-6-12","volume":"6","author":"Y Yiangou","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yiangou Y, Facer P, Durrenberger P, Chessell IP, Naylor A, Bountra C, Banati RR, Anand P (2006) COX-2, CB2 and P2X7-immunoreactivities are increased in activated microglial cells\/macrophages of multiple sclerosis and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis spinal cord. BMC Neurol 6:12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2377-6-12","journal-title":"BMC Neurol"},{"key":"6683_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2011.00057","volume":"5","author":"C Zanettini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zanettini C, Panlilio LV, Alicki M, Goldberg SR, Haller J, Yasar S (2011) Effects of endocannabinoid system modulation on cognitive and emotional behavior. Front Behav Neurosci 5:57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2011.00057","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"6683_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang M, Chen T, Lu X (2024) G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): advances in structures, mechanisms, and drug discovery. Sig Transduct Target Ther 9, 88 (2024). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41392-024-01803-6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-024-01803-6"},{"issue":"1","key":"6683_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.1.373","volume":"165","author":"LX Zhu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Zhu LX, Sharma S, Stolina M, Gardner B, Roth MD, Tashkin DP, Dubinett SM (2000) Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits antitumor immunity by a CB2 receptor-mediated, cytokine-dependent pathway. J Immunol 165(1):373\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.165.1.373","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6683_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19030833","volume":"19","author":"S Zou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zou S, Kumar U (2018) Cannabinoid receptors and the endocannabinoid system: signalling and function in the central nervous system. Int J Mol Sci 19(3):833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19030833","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-024-06683-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-024-06683-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-024-06683-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,30]],"date-time":"2024-09-30T02:06:54Z","timestamp":1727662014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-024-06683-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6683"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-024-06683-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 September 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors assert that they do not have any known financial interests or personal relationships that could be perceived as influencing the work reported in this paper.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interest"}}]}}