{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T21:13:16Z","timestamp":1793221996360,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Psychedelic-assisted therapy is increasingly applied within mental health treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study focused on factors moderating changes in the acute and long-term effects of an individual psilocybin-assisted program on depression, anxiety, PTSD and personality structures by including demographic factors, subjective experience and degree of mystical type experiences during the dosing, as well as emotional breakthrough and personal growth after the program.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>At baseline, 1 week and 3 months after the psilocybin program participants completed the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) and NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3 (NEO-FFI-3). In addition, after the dosing the Mystical Experiences Questionnaire (MEQ-30), Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and Emotional Breakthrough Inventory (EBI) were administered. Moderation effects were established using linear mixed-model analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A single high dose of psilocybin in combination with therapy was found to lower symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD and neuroticism over a period of 3-months. Scores on openness and conscientiousness increased after the treatment only. Participants reported mystical type experiences, emotional breakthrough and personal growth. These subjective experiences together with demographic factors were moderating the observed positive changes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Findings indicate that individual psilocybin-assisted therapy has the potential for beneficial effects on mood and personality characteristics. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of subjective experiences and demographic factors in moderating this effect. This study adds to the ongoing research on\u00a0psilocybin-assisted therapy by investigating contributing factors for optimizing this evolving type of therapy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-024-06733-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]],"date-time":"2025-01-07T04:18:17Z","timestamp":1736223497000},"page":"725-740","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Moderating factors in psilocybin-assisted treatment affecting mood and personality: A naturalistic, open-label investigation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"242","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3671-5035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mona","family":"Irrmischer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Drew","family":"Puxty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bar\u0131\u015f Onur","family":"Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9864-6234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jan Berend","family":"Deijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9896-696X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hessel","family":"Engelbregt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"6733_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agin-Liebes G, Zeifman R, Luoma JB et al (2022) Prospective examination of the therapeutic role of psychological flexibility and cognitive reappraisal in the ceremonial use of ayahuasca. J Psychopharmacol\u00a036(3):295\u2013308. Sage Publications Sage UK: London, England","DOI":"10.1177\/02698811221080165"},{"issue":"6","key":"6733_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","volume":"19","author":"H Akaike","year":"1974","unstructured":"Akaike H (1974) A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans Autom Control 19(6):716\u2013723","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Autom Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"6733_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370805300605","volume":"53","author":"RM Bagby","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bagby RM, Quilty LC et al (2008) Personality and differential treatment response in major depression: a randomized controlled trial comparing cognitive-behavioural therapy and pharmacotherapy. Can J Psychiatry 53(6):361","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"6733_CR4","unstructured":"Bandura A (1997) Self-Efficacy: the Exercise of Control. Macmillan"},{"key":"6733_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barrett FS, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR (2015) Validation of the revised Mystical Experience Questionnaire in experimental sessions with psilocybin. Journal of Psychopharmacology 29(11):1182\u20131190. SAGE Publications Ltd","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881115609019"},{"key":"6733_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benjamini Y, Hochberg Y (1995) Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing.\u00a0J R Stat Soc: Ser B Stat Methodol\u00a057(1):289\u2013300","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"6733_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belmer A, Patkar OL, Pitman KM et al (2016) Serotonergic neuroplasticity in alcohol addiction. Brain Plasticity 1(2)177\u2013206. IOS Press:\u00a0","DOI":"10.3233\/BPL-150022"},{"issue":"3","key":"6733_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2008.10400637","volume":"40","author":"JC Bouso","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bouso JC, Doblin R, Farr\u00e9 M et al (2008) MDMA-assisted psychotherapy using low doses in a small sample of women with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. J Psychoactive Drugs 40(3):225\u2013236","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"issue":"5","key":"6733_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.2545","volume":"31","author":"JC Bouso","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bouso JC, Pedrero-P\u00e9rez EJ, Gandy S et al (2016) Measuring the subjective: revisiting the psychometric properties of three rating scales that assess the acute effects of hallucinogens. Hum Psychopharmacology: Clin Experimental 31(5):356\u2013372","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacology: Clin Experimental"},{"key":"6733_CR10","volume-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology","author":"AE Calder","year":"2023","unstructured":"Calder AE, Hasler G (2023) Towards an understanding of psychedelic-induced neuroplasticity. Neuropsychopharmacology. Springer Nature"},{"key":"6733_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris RL, Friston KJ (2019) REBUS and the anarchic brain: toward a unified model of the brain action of psychedelics.\u00a0Pharmacol Rev\u00a071(3):316\u2013344. ASPET","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.118.017160"},{"key":"6733_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris RL, Bolstridge M, Rucker J et al (2016) Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. Lancet Psychiatry 3(7)619\u2013627. Elsevier Ltd","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30065-7"},{"key":"6733_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris RL, Bolstridge M, Day CMJ et al (2018) Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: six-month follow-up. Psychopharmacol\u00a0235(2)399\u2013408. Springer Verlag","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4771-x"},{"key":"6733_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris R, Giribaldi B, Watts R et al (2021) Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for depression. New England J Med\u00a0384(15):1402\u20131411. Massachusetts Medical Society","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032994"},{"key":"6733_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carhart-Harris Robin L, Roseman L, Haijen E et al (2018) Psychedelics and the essential importance of context. J Psychopharmacol 32(7):725\u2013731. SAGE Publications Ltd","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881118754710"},{"key":"6733_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Catlow BJ, Song S, Paredes DA et al (2013) Effects of psilocybin on hippocampal neurogenesis and extinction of trace fear conditioning. Exp Brain Res\u00a0228(4):481\u2013491. Springer Verlag","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-013-3579-0"},{"key":"6733_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cernovsky ZZ, Fattahi M, Litman LC et al (2021) Validation of the PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) on Patients Injured in Car Accidents. European J Med Health Sci\u00a03(2):154\u2013159. European Open Science Publishing","DOI":"10.24018\/ejmed.2021.3.2.790"},{"key":"6733_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Close JB, Hajien EC, Watts R et al (2020) Psychedelics and psychological flexibility\u2013Results of a prospective web-survey using the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire II. J Contextual Behav Sci\u00a016:37\u201344. Elsevier","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2020.01.005"},{"key":"6733_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis AK, Barrett FS, Griffiths RR (2020) Psychological flexibility mediates the relations between acute psychedelic effects and subjective decreases in depression and anxiety. Journal Contextual Behav Sci\u00a015:39\u201345. Elsevier","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcbs.2019.11.004"},{"key":"6733_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davis AK, Barrett FS, May DG et al (2021) Effects of psilocybin-assisted therapy on major depressive disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry 78(5):481\u2013489. American Medical Association","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.3285"},{"key":"6733_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Doss MK, Pova\u017ean M, Rosenberg MD et al (2021) Psilocybin therapy increases cognitive and neural flexibility in patients with major depressive disorder. Transl Psychiatry 11(1):574. Nature Publishing Group UK London:\u00a0","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01706-y"},{"key":"6733_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehlers A, Clark DM (2000) A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Res Ther\u00a038(4):319\u2013345. Elsevier\u00a0","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7967(99)00123-0"},{"key":"6733_CR23","volume-title":"Applied Missing Data Analysis","author":"CK Enders","year":"2022","unstructured":"Enders CK (2022) Applied Missing Data Analysis. Guilford"},{"key":"6733_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Erritzoe D, Roseman L, Nour MM et al (2018) Effects of psilocybin therapy on personality structure. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica 138(5):368\u2013378. Blackwell Publishing Ltd","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.12904"},{"key":"6733_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G et al (2007) G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods\u00a039(2):175\u2013191. Springer","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"6733_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Garcia-Romeu A, Griffiths RR, Johnson MW (2015) Psilocybin-occasioned mystical experiences in the treatment of tobacco addiction. Curr Drug Abuse Rev 7(3):157\u2013164","DOI":"10.2174\/1874473708666150107121331"},{"issue":"3","key":"6733_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1093\/ijnp\/pyac074","volume":"26","author":"JJ Gattuso","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gattuso JJ, Perkins D, Ruffell S et al (2023) Default Mode Network Modulation by Psychedelics: a systematic review. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 26(3):155\u2013188","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"6733_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gorman I, Belser AB, Jerome L et al (2020) Posttraumatic growth after MDMA-Assisted psychotherapy for posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress 33(2):161\u2013170. John Wiley and Sons Inc","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22479"},{"key":"6733_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Griffiths Roland R, Johnson MW, Carducci MA et al (2016) Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized double-blind trial. J Psychopharmacol 30(12):1181\u20131197. SAGE Publications Ltd","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675513"},{"issue":"1","key":"6733_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.116","volume":"68","author":"CS Grob","year":"2011","unstructured":"Grob CS, Danforth AL, Chopra GS et al (2011) Pilot study of psilocybin treatment for anxiety in patients with advanced-stage cancer. Arch Gen Psychiatry 68(1):71\u201378","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"6733_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haijen ECHM, Kaelen M, Roseman L et al (2018) Predicting responses to psychedelics: a prospective study. Front Pharmacol\u00a09:897. Frontiers Media S.A","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2018.00897"},{"key":"6733_CR32","unstructured":"IBM (2021) IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (Version 28.0)"},{"key":"6733_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kaelen M, Giribaldi B, Raine J et al (2018) The hidden therapist: evidence for a central role of music in psychedelic therapy. Psychopharmacol\u00a0235(2):505\u2013519. Springer Verlag","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4820-5"},{"issue":"5","key":"6733_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2013.04.006","volume":"35","author":"RD Kocalevent","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kocalevent RD, Hinz A, Br\u00e4hler E (2013) Standardization of the depression screener Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) in the general population. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 35(5):551\u2013555","journal-title":"Gen Hosp Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"6733_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80109-9","volume":"16","author":"GF Koob","year":"1996","unstructured":"Koob GF (1996) Drug Addiction: The Yin and Yang of hedonic homeostasis. Neuron 16(5):893","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"6733_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Krebs TS, Johansen, Johansen P\u00d8 (2012) Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for alcoholism: Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Psychopharmacol","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881112439253"},{"key":"6733_CR37","volume-title":"International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology","author":"E Krediet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Krediet E, Bostoen T, Breeksema J et al (2020) Reviewing the potential of Psychedelics for the treatment of PTSD. International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology. Oxford University Press"},{"issue":"9","key":"6733_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JBW (2001) The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 16(9):606\u2013613","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"6733_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.1997.10400185","volume":"29","author":"E Krupitsky","year":"1997","unstructured":"Krupitsky E, Grinenko A (1997) Ketamine psychedelic therapy (KPT): a review of the results of ten years of research. J Psychoactive Drugs 29(2):165\u2013183","journal-title":"J Psychoactive Drugs"},{"key":"6733_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"L\u00f6we B, Decker O, M\u00fcller S et al (2008) Validation and standardization of the generalized anxiety disorder screener (GAD-7) in the general population 46(3):266","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0b013e318160d093"},{"key":"6733_CR41","volume-title":"Journal of Psychoactive Drugs","author":"JB Luoma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luoma JB, Chwyl C, Bathje GJ et al (2020) A Meta-analysis of placebo-controlled trials of psychedelic-assisted therapy. Journal of psychoactive drugs. Routledge"},{"key":"6733_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ly C, Greb Alexandra C, Cameron LP et al (2018) Psychedelics promote structural and functional neural plasticity. Cell Rep 23(11):3170\u20133182. Elsevier B.V","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.05.022"},{"issue":"11","key":"6733_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1453","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881111420188","volume":"25","author":"KA MacLean","year":"2011","unstructured":"MacLean KA, Johnson MW, Griffiths RR (2011) Mystical experiences occasioned by the hallucinogen psilocybin lead to increases in the personality domain of openness. J Psychopharmacol 25(11):1453\u20131461","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6733_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-5906.2012.01685.x","volume":"51","author":"KA MacLean","year":"2012","unstructured":"MacLean KA, Leoutsakos JMS, Johnson MW et al (2012) Factor analysis of the mystical experience questionnaire: a study of experiences occasioned by the Hallucinogen Psilocybin. J Sci Study Relig 51(4):721\u2013737","journal-title":"J Sci Study Relig"},{"key":"6733_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maji\u0107 T, Schmidt TT, Gallinat J (2015) Peak experiences and the afterglow phenomenon: When and how do therapeutic effects of hallucinogens depend on psychedelic experiences? Journal of Psychopharmacology 29(3). SAGE Publications Ltd: 241\u2013253","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881114568040"},{"key":"6733_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nour MM et al (2017) Psychedelics, personality and political perspectives running head: psychedelics, personality & political perspectives. J Psychoactive Drugs 49(3):182\u2013191","DOI":"10.1080\/02791072.2017.1312643"},{"issue":"3","key":"6733_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1027\/1614-0001.28.3.116","volume":"28","author":"RR McCrae","year":"2007","unstructured":"McCrae RR, Costa PT (2007) Brief versions of the NEO-PI-3. J Individual Differences 28(3):116\u2013128","journal-title":"J Individual Differences"},{"key":"6733_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mitchell JM, Bogenschutz M, Lilienstein A et al (2021) MDMA-assisted therapy for severe PTSD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. Nature Medicine 27(6). Nature Research: 1025\u20131033","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01336-3"},{"key":"6733_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00269","volume":"10","author":"MM Nour","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nour MM, Evans L, Nutt D et al (2016) Ego-dissolution and psychedelics: validation of the ego-dissolution inventory (EDI). Front Hum Neurosci 10:269","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"6733_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nutt D, Carhart-Harris R (2021) The current status of psychedelics in psychiatry. JAMA psychiatry 78(2). American Medical Association: 121\u2013122","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2020.2171"},{"key":"6733_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Oram M (2014) Efficacy and enlightenment: LSD psychotherapy and the drug amendments of 1962. Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 69(2). Oxford University Press: 221\u2013250","DOI":"10.1093\/jhmas\/jrs050"},{"key":"6733_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roseman L, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL (2018) Quality of acute psychedelic experience predicts therapeutic efficacy of psilocybin for treatment-resistant depression. Frontiers in Pharmacology 8(JAN). Frontiers Media S.A","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2017.00974"},{"key":"6733_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roseman L, Haijen E, Idialu-Ikato K et al (2019) Emotional breakthrough and psychedelics: Validation of the Emotional Breakthrough Inventory. Journal of Psychopharmacology 33(9). SAGE Publications Ltd: 1076\u20131087","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119855974"},{"key":"6733_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ross S, Bossis A, Guss J et al (2016) Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology 30(12). SAGE Publications Ltd: 1165\u20131180","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881116675512"},{"key":"6733_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rucker JJ (2024) Evidence versus expectancy: the development of psilocybin therapy. BJPsych Bulletin 48(2). Cambridge University Press: 110\u2013117","DOI":"10.1192\/bjb.2023.28"},{"key":"6733_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schmid Y, Liechti ME (2018) Long-lasting subjective effects of LSD in normal subjects. Psychopharmacology 235(2). Springer Verlag: 535\u2013545","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-017-4733-3"},{"key":"6733_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sloshower J, Zeifman RJ, Guss J et al (2024) Psychological flexibility as a mechanism of change in psilocybin-assisted therapy for major depression: results from an exploratory placebo-controlled trial. Scientific Reports 14(1). Nature Publishing Group UK London: 8833","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-58318-x"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"6733_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2007.05.001","volume":"105","author":"V Spek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Spek V, Nykl\u00ed\u010dek I, Cuijpers P et al (2008) Predictors of outcome of group and internet-based cognitive behavior therapy. J Affect Disord 105(1\u20133):137\u2013145","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"6733_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JBW et al (2006) A Brief Measure for Assessing Generalized Anxiety Disorder The GAD-7. https:\/\/jamanetwork.com\/","DOI":"10.1037\/t02591-000"},{"key":"6733_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Taylor S, Mclean P (1993) Outcome profiles in the treatment of unipolar depression. Behav Res Thu","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7967(93)90032-P"},{"key":"6733_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tedeschi RG, Calhoun LG (1996) The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory: Measuring the Positive Legacy of Trauma. Journal of 7t\u2019aumatic Stress","DOI":"10.1037\/t03776-000"},{"key":"6733_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tu Y, Zhang Y, Li Y et al (2021) Post-traumatic stress symptoms in COVID-19 survivors: a self-report and brain imaging follow-up study. Molecular Psychiatry 26(12). Springer Nature: 7475\u20137480","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01223-w"},{"key":"6733_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tugade MM, Fredrickson BL (2004) Resilient individuals use positive emotions to bounce back from negative emotional experiences. Journal of personality and social psychology 86(2). American Psychological Association: 320","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.86.2.320"},{"key":"6733_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vargas AS, Lu\u00eds \u00c2, Barroso M et al (2020) Psilocybin as a new approach to treat depression and anxiety in the context of life-threatening diseases-a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Biomedicines. MDPI AG","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8090331"},{"key":"6733_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Watts R, Day C, Krzanowski J et al (2017) Patients\u2019 Accounts of Increased Connectedness and Acceptance After Psilocybin for Treatment-Resistant Depression. Journal of Humanistic Psychology 57(5). SAGE Publications Inc.: 520\u2013564","DOI":"10.1177\/0022167817709585"},{"key":"6733_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolfson PE, Andries J, Feduccia AA et al (2020) MDMA-assisted psychotherapy for treatment of anxiety and other psychological distress related to life-threatening illnesses: a randomized pilot study. Scientific Reports 10(1). Nature Research","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-75706-1"},{"issue":"5","key":"6733_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1037\/a0029418","volume":"80","author":"KB Wolitzky-Taylor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wolitzky-Taylor KB, Arch JJ, Rosenfield D et al (2012) Moderators and non-specific predictors of treatment outcome for anxiety disorders: a comparison of cognitive behavioral therapy to acceptance and commitment therapy. J Consult Clin Psychol 80(5):786\u2013799","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"6733_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zeifman RJ, Wagner AC, Watts R et al (2020) Post-psychedelic reductions in experiential avoidance are associated with decreases in depression severity and suicidal ideation. Front Psychiatry 11 Front Media SA : 782","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00782"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-024-06733-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-024-06733-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-024-06733-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,10]],"date-time":"2025-03-10T10:12:44Z","timestamp":1741601564000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-024-06733-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["6733"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-024-06733-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included\u00a0in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate\u00a0and publish"}},{"value":"All authors declare not having any financial or non-financial conflicts of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}