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The endocannabinoid system (ECS) has been found to play a putative role in the release of inflammatory cytokines.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigated the role of the ECS in the interplay between ACEs and interleukin 6 (IL-6) as an inflammatory marker.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analysed ACEs (CTQ, Bernstein et al. 2003), plasma IL-6 and endocannabinoid concentrations (anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in a cohort comprising 48 female individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and 31 matched healthy controls (HCs).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found higher IL-6 levels in individuals with BPD compared to HCs and, across all study participants, observed significant positive correlations between AEA, 2-AG and IL-6 levels. CTQ sum scores correlated positively with IL-6 concentrations at a trend level (statistically significant for sexual abuse). Correlations between CTQ sum scores and IL-6 levels were particularly strong in participants with low endocannabinoid levels (lowest three quartiles;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200957) while in the quartile with the highest endocannabinoid levels (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200919), no correlations were evident. Furthermore, an exploratory analysis applying a median split for IL-6 levels revealed that the number of individuals with recent suicide attempts (&lt;\u20091 month ago) was significantly higher in the high IL-6 levels group (OR\u2009=\u20090.22; 95%CI\u2009=\u20090.06\u20130.86).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings support the bidirectional link between ACEs and immune system alterations and suggest that endocannabinoids may counteract the stress-inflammatory response.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-025-06809-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,16]],"date-time":"2025-05-16T23:57:24Z","timestamp":1747439844000},"page":"315-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The role of the endocannabinoid system in the interplay of adverse childhood experiences and interleukin 6 in individuals with borderline personality disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"243","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8886-0395","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer","family":"Spohrs","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valentin","family":"K\u00fchnle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan O.","family":"Reber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Mikusky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklas","family":"Sanh\u00fcter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Macchia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Nickel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgit","family":"Abler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"6809_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(15)00544-1","volume":"3","author":"J Agnew-Blais","year":"2016","unstructured":"Agnew-Blais J, Danese A (2016) Childhood maltreatment and unfavourable clinical outcomes in bipolar disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 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