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Here, we examined the pharmacodynamic effects and plasma pharmacokinetics of DMT after IN and subcutaneous (SC) administration in rats.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Male Sprague-Dawley rats fitted with intravenous (IV) catheters and SC temperature transponders received DMT fumarate (1, 3, or 10\u00a0mg\/kg) or saline vehicle by IN or SC routes. Blood samples were withdrawn via catheters at various times after treatment, with behavioral scores and body temperatures measured prior to each blood draw. Plasma DMT and its\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      -oxide metabolite were quantified using liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QQQ-MS).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      DMT produced a similar spectrum of pharmacodynamic effects after both routes, including increases in flat body posture and decreases in core body temperature. DMT displayed more rapid pharmacokinetics after the IN route (t\n                      <jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                      range\u2009=\u200911.9\u201314.3\u00a0min) when compared to the SC route (t\n                      <jats:sub>1\/2<\/jats:sub>\n                      range\u2009=\u200945.5\u2013122.7\u00a0min), and peak drug concentrations were greater with IN delivery.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings show the feasibility of using IN administration to deliver DMT in a reproducible and non-invasive manner. Importantly, the maximal DMT concentrations in rats given low IN doses (i.e., 30.2\u201355.6 ng\/mL DMT) overlap with those reported in humans receiving psychoactive doses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-025-06879-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]],"date-time":"2025-11-15T07:08:35Z","timestamp":1763190515000},"page":"779-792","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pharmacodynamic effects and plasma pharmacokinetics of N, N-dimethyltryptamine after intranasal versus subcutaneous administration in male rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"243","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7758-1470","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael H.","family":"Baumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Grant C.","family":"Glatfelter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara E.","family":"Walton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex J.","family":"Krotulski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher G.","family":"Witowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline L.","family":"von Salm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"6879_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/acps.13249","volume":"143","author":"KAA Andersen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Andersen KAA, Carhart-Harris R, Nutt DJ, Erritzoe D (2021) Therapeutic effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics: a systematic review of modern-era clinical studies. 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