{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:43:05Z","timestamp":1789054985246,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007446","name":"King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R.G.P.02\/519\/44"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R.G.P.02\/519\/44"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007446","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-025-06910-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T07:32:01Z","timestamp":1760340721000},"page":"457-473","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The efficacy and safety of trazodone for sleep problems in depressive patients: a GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Almuthana K.","family":"Hameed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Asiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muzdalifa Mejbel","family":"Fedwi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahmood","family":"Jawad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pallavi","family":"Prahlad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arshdeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish Singh","family":"Chauhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"Sahoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandeep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mundher","family":"Kadhem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"6910_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"(2016) Management of chronic insomnia disorder in adults: a clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann Intern Med 165(2):125\u2013133","DOI":"10.7326\/M15-2175"},{"issue":"2","key":"6910_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awad313","volume":"147","author":"H Albert-Gasco","year":"2024","unstructured":"Albert-Gasco H, Smith HL, Alvarez-Castelao B, Swinden D, Halliday M, Janaki-Raman S, Butcher AJ, Mallucci GR (2024) Trazodone rescues dysregulated synaptic and mitochondrial nascent proteomes in prion neurodegeneration. Brain 147(2):649\u2013664","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"3","key":"6910_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852921000304","volume":"26","author":"U Albert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Albert U, Lamba P, Stahl SM (2021) Early response to Trazodone once-a-day in major depressive disorder: review of the clinical data and putative mechanism for faster onset of action. CNS Spectr 26(3):232\u2013242","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"key":"6910_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207621","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1207621","volume":"14","author":"U Albert","year":"2023","unstructured":"Albert U, Tomasetti C, Marra C, Neviani F, Pirani A, Taddeo D, Zanetti O, Maina G (2023) Treating depression in clinical practice: new insights on the multidisciplinary use of Trazodone. Front Psychiatry 14:1207621","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"6910_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-181106","volume":"67","author":"JW Ashford","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ashford JW (2019) Treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: trazodone, sleep, serotonin, norepinephrine, and future directions. J Alzheimers Dis 67(3):923\u2013930","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"6910_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2003.08.007","volume":"5","author":"PM Becker","year":"2004","unstructured":"Becker PM (2004) Trazodone as a hypnotic in major depression. Sleep Med 5(1):7\u20138","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"6910_CR7","first-page":"829","volume":"140","author":"CT Bezerra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bezerra CT, Grande AJ, Galv\u00e3o VK, Santos D, Atallah N\u00c1, Silva V (2022) Assessment of the strength of recommendation and quality of evidence: GRADE checklist. A descriptive study. Sao Paulo Med J 140(6):829\u2013836","journal-title":"Sao Paulo Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"6910_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(18)30464-4","volume":"6","author":"TF Blanken","year":"2019","unstructured":"Blanken TF, Benjamins JS, Borsboom D, Vermunt JK, Paquola C, Ramautar J, Dekker K, Stoffers D, Wassing R, Wei Y, Van Someren EJW (2019) Insomnia disorder subtypes derived from life history and traits of affect and personality. Lancet Psychiatry 6(2):151\u2013163","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"6910_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1159\/000536063","volume":"93","author":"K Blom","year":"2024","unstructured":"Blom K, Forsell E, Hellberg M, Svanborg C, Jernel\u00f6v S, Kaldo V (2024) Psychological treatment of comorbid insomnia and depression: a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Psychother Psychosom 93(2):100\u2013113","journal-title":"Psychother Psychosom"},{"key":"6910_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232214041","author":"L Carboni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Carboni L, Rullo L, Caputi FF, Stamatakos S, Candeletti S, Romualdi P (2022) Chronic trazodone and citalopram treatments increase trophic factor and circadian rhythm gene expression in rat brain regions relevant for antidepressant efficacy. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232214041","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"6910_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1127511","volume":"14","author":"J \u010cerm\u00e1k","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u010cerm\u00e1k J, Pietrucha S, Nawka A, Lipone P, Ruggieri A, Bonelli A, Comandini A, Cattaneo A (2023) An observational pilot study using a digital phenotyping approach in patients with major depressive disorder treated with Trazodone. Front Psychiatry 14:1127511","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"6910_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S227598","author":"C Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen C, Dong Y, Liu F, Gao C, Ji C, Dang Y, Ma X, Liu Y (2020) A study of antidepressant effect and mechanism on intranasal delivery of BDNF-HA2TAT\/AAV to rats with post-stroke depression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S227598","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"10","key":"6910_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0000000000001915","volume":"34","author":"Z Chu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chu Z, Yuan L, He M, Cheng Y, Lu Y, Xu X, Shen Z (2023) Atrophy of bilateral nucleus accumbens in melancholic depression. Neuroreport 34(10):493\u2013500","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"10128","key":"6910_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(17)32802-7","volume":"391","author":"A Cipriani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cipriani A, Furukawa TA, Salanti G, Chaimani A, Atkinson LZ, Ogawa Y, Leucht S, Ruhe HG, Turner EH, Higgins JP (2018) Comparative efficacy and acceptability of 21 antidepressant drugs for the acute treatment of adults with major depressive disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet 391(10128):1357\u20131366","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"6910_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.46747\/cfp.7003176","volume":"70","author":"K Clarke","year":"2024","unstructured":"Clarke K, Orlov N, Soong C (2024) Treatment of chronic insomnia in adults. Can Fam Physician 70(3):176\u2013178","journal-title":"Can Fam Physician"},{"key":"6910_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cunningham LA, Borison RL, Carman JS, Chouinard G, Crowder JE, Diamond BI, Fischer DE, Hearst E (1994) A comparison of venlafaxine, trazodone, and placebo in major depression.\u00a0J Clin Psychopharmacol 14(2):99\u2013106","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-199404000-00003"},{"issue":"4","key":"6910_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1708\/3202.31796","volume":"54","author":"A Cuomo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cuomo A, Ballerini A, Bruni AC, Decina P, Di Sciascio G, Fiorentini A, Scaglione F, Vampini C, Fagiolini A (2019) Clinical guidance for the use of Trazodone in major depressive disorder and concomitant conditions: Pharmacology and clinical practice. Rivista Di Psichiatria 54(4):137\u2013149","journal-title":"Rivista Di Psichiatria"},{"key":"6910_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.36150\/2499-6564-N320","author":"A Cuomo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cuomo A, Bianchetti A, Cagnin A, Marra C, Neviani F, Nicoletti F (2021) Trazodone: a multifunctional antidepressant. Evaluation of its properties and real-world use. J Gerontol Geriatr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36150\/2499-6564-N320","journal-title":"J Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"6910_CR19","unstructured":"DeAngeles T (2016) Behavioral therapy works best for insomnia. APA Monit Psychol 47(9):18"},{"issue":"7","key":"6910_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12867","volume":"15","author":"P de Orleans Casagrande","year":"2023","unstructured":"de Orleans Casagrande P, Coimbra DR, de Souza LC, Andrade A (2023) Effects of yoga on depressive symptoms, anxiety, sleep quality, and mood in patients with rheumatic diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis. Pm R 15(7):899\u2013915","journal-title":"Pm R"},{"issue":"1","key":"6910_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2011.11.005","volume":"35","author":"A Der-Avakian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Der-Avakian A, Markou A (2012) The neurobiology of anhedonia and other reward-related deficits. Trends Neurosci 35(1):68\u201377","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"6910_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.5664\/jcsm.8986","volume":"17","author":"JD Edinger","year":"2021","unstructured":"Edinger JD, Arnedt JT, Bertisch SM, Carney CE, Harrington JJ, Lichstein KL, Sateia MJ, Troxel WM, Zhou ES, Kazmi U (2021) Behavioral and psychological treatments for chronic insomnia disorder in adults: an American academy of sleep medicine clinical practice guideline. J Clin Sleep Med 17(2):255\u2013262","journal-title":"J Clin Sleep Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6910_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e104","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000004272","volume":"129","author":"LM Elleby","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elleby LM, Sprung J, Weingarten TN (2019) Postoperative respiratory depression may be related to undiagnosed sleep-disordered breathing or obstructive sleep apnea. Anesth Analg 129(3):e104\u2013e105","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"6910_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-012-0010-5","volume":"26","author":"A Fagiolini","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fagiolini A, Comandini A, Dell\u2019Osso MC, Kasper S (2012) Rediscovering trazodone for the treatment of major depressive disorder. CNS Drugs 26:1033\u20131049","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"6910_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Feighner JP (1984) Trazodone in major affective disorders.\u00a0Psychopathol\u00a017(2):15\u201323","DOI":"10.1159\/000284088"},{"issue":"4","key":"6910_CR26","first-page":"477","volume":"12","author":"E Frecska","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frecska E (2010) Trazodone\u2013its multifunctional mechanism of action and clinical use. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 12(4):477\u2013482","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Hung"},{"issue":"3","key":"6910_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26031113","volume":"26","author":"H Ge","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ge H, Si L, Li C, Huang J, Sun L, Wu L, Xie Y, Xiao L, Wang G (2025) The antidepressant effect of Resveratrol is related to neuroplasticity mediated by the ELAVL4-Bdnf mRNA pathway. Int J Mol Sci 26(3):1113","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"6910_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haffmans PM, Vos MS (1999) The effects of trazodone on sleep disturbances induced by brofaromine. Eur psychiatry 14(3):167\u201371","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(99)80736-6"},{"key":"6910_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Halikas JA (1995) Org 3770 (mirtazapine) versus trazodone: a placebo controlled trial in depressed elderly patients.\u00a0Hum Psychopharmacol Clin Exp 10(S2):S125\u201333","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.470100807"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"6910_CR30","first-page":"24","volume":"14","author":"KY Jaffer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jaffer KY, Chang T, Vanle B, Dang J, Steiner AJ, Loera N, Abdelmesseh M, Danovitch I, Ishak WW (2017) Trazodone for insomnia: a systematic review. Innov Clin Neurosci 14(7\u20138):24","journal-title":"Innov Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"6910_CR31","first-page":"24","volume":"14","author":"KY Jaffer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jaffer KY, Chang T, Vanle B, Dang J, Steiner AJ, Loera N, Abdelmesseh M, Danovitch I, Ishak WW (2017) Trazodone Insomnia: Syst Rev Innov Clin Neurosci 14(7\u20138):24\u201334","journal-title":"Trazodone Insomnia: Syst Rev Innov Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6910_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-022-03838-x","volume":"22","author":"L Ju","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ju L, Yang J, Zhu T, Liu P, Yang J (2022) BDNF-TrkB signaling-mediated upregulation of Narp is involved in the antidepressant-like effects of (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine in a chronic restraint stress mouse model. BMC Psychiatry 22(1):182","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"6910_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2022.04.006","volume":"36","author":"J Kang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kang J, Cho YS, Lee M, Yun S, Jeong YJ, Won YH, Hong J, Kim S (2023) Effects of nonpharmacological interventions on sleep improvement and delirium prevention in critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aust Crit Care 36(4):640\u2013649","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"6910_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2003.06.006","volume":"5","author":"H Kaynak","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kaynak H, Kaynak D, G\u00f6z\u00fckirmizi E, Guilleminault C (2004) The effects of Trazodone on sleep in patients treated with stimulant antidepressants. Sleep Med 5(1):15\u201320","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"key":"6910_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kay-Stacey M, Attarian H (2016) Advances in the management of chronic insomnia. BMJ 354:i2123","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2123"},{"key":"6910_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28846","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-022-03810-8","volume":"42","author":"H Khazaie","year":"2022","unstructured":"Khazaie H, Norouzi E, Rezaie L, Safari-Faramani R (2022) Effect of physical activity on sleep quality in patients with major depression disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Curr Psychol 42:28846\u201328856","journal-title":"Curr Psychol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6910_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-024-01110-2","volume":"38","author":"M Kokkali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kokkali M, Pinioti E, Lappas AS, Christodoulou N, Samara MT (2024) Effects of trazodone on sleep: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CNS Drugs 38(10):753\u2013769","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"6910_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2024.101925","volume":"75","author":"F Lai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lai F, Luo Z, Zhang J, Xia W, Tian L (2024) Bright light therapy has a positive effect on sleep quality in patients with cancer: a meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev 75:101925","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"6910_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-020-02554-8","volume":"20","author":"J Leerssen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Leerssen J, Foster-Dingley JC, Lakbila-Kamal O, Dekkers LMS, Albers ACW, Ikelaar SLC, Maksimovic T, Wassing R, Houtman SJ, Bresser T, Blanken TF, te Lindert B, Ramautar JR, Van Someren EJW (2020) Internet-guided cognitive, behavioral and chronobiological interventions in depression-prone insomnia subtypes: protocol of a randomized controlled prevention trial. BMC Psychiatry 20(1):163","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"6910_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26689\/jcnr.v8i2.6168","author":"T Mao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mao T, Yang Y, Chen X, Liu P, Zhang P, Wu C, Hou X, Rong C, Xue J (2024) Study on the efficacy of Shugan Jieyu capsules combined with Trazodone in patients with poststroke depression and insomnia. J Clin Nurs Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26689\/jcnr.v8i2.6168","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs Res"},{"key":"6910_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Martsenkovskyi D, Napryeyenko O (2019) P. 818 Adjunctive therapy with trazodone for insomnia in adolescents with post-traumatic stress disorder and depression.\u00a0Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 29:S543\u20134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2019.09.682"},{"issue":"11","key":"6910_CR42","volume":"11","author":"J McCleery","year":"2020","unstructured":"McCleery J, Sharpley AL (2020) Pharmacotherapies for sleep disturbances in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 11(11):Cd009178","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"6910_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0318814","volume":"20","author":"M Meng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Meng M, Shen X, Xie Y, Lan R, Zhu S (2025) Insomnia and risk of all-cause dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 20(4):e0318814","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"6910_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1097\/FTD.0000000000001049","volume":"45","author":"J Meulman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meulman J, Visacri MB, Moriel P, de Carvalho Pincinato E (2023) Influence of genetic polymorphisms on the pharmacokinetics of Trazodone hydrochloride: a scoping review and future perspective. Ther Drug Monit 45(4):479\u2013486","journal-title":"Ther Drug Monit"},{"issue":"2","key":"6910_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1983.tb04977.x","volume":"16","author":"I Montgomery","year":"1983","unstructured":"Montgomery I, Oswald I, Morgan K, Adam K (1983) Trazodone enhances sleep in subjective quality but not in objective duration. Br J Clin Pharmacol 16(2):139\u2013144","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6910_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsmc.2014.11.009","volume":"10","author":"MJ Murphy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Murphy MJ, Peterson MJ (2015) Sleep disturbances in depression. Sleep Med Clin 10(1):17\u201323","journal-title":"Sleep Med Clin"},{"key":"6910_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nierenberg AA, Adler LA, Peselow E, Zornberg G, Rosenthal M (1994) Trazodone for antidepressant-associated insomnia.\u00a0Am J Psychiatry 1;151(7):1069\u201372","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.7.1069"},{"key":"6910_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE (2021) The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ 372:n71.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"6910_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2023.110796","volume":"204","author":"L Qin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qin L, Wang J, Wu X, Song L, Zhang Y, Gong M, Wang Y, Li B (2023) Antidepressant effects of 70% ethanolic extract of lonicerae japonicae flos and it contained chlorogenic acid via upregulation of BDNF-TrkB pathway in the hippocampus of mice. Brain Res Bull 204:110796","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"6910_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rickels K, Case WG (1982) Trazodone depressed outpatients.\u00a0J Clin Psychopharmacol 2(6):428","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-198212000-00020"},{"issue":"6","key":"6910_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1111\/jsr.12594","volume":"26","author":"D Riemann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Riemann D, Baglioni C, Bassetti C, Bjorvatn B, Dolenc Groselj L, Ellis JG, Espie CA, Garcia-Borreguero D, Gjerstad M, Gon\u00e7alves M (2017) European guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of insomnia. J Sleep Res 26(6):675\u2013700","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"8","key":"6910_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2023.03.009","volume":"31","author":"RL Rios","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rios RL, Kafashan M, Hyche O, Lenard E, Lucey BP, Lenze EJ, Palanca BJA (2023) Targeting slow wave sleep deficiency in late-life depression: a case series with Propofol. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 31(8):643\u2013652","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"6910_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.26911\/jepublichealth.2024.09.03.04","author":"ANN Rohmani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rohmani ANN, Murti B, Tamtomo DG (2024) The effect of sleep disorders on anxiety and depression in health workers: a meta-analysis. J Epidemiol Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26911\/jepublichealth.2024.09.03.04","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"6910_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2869.2011.00928.x","volume":"20","author":"AJ Roth","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roth AJ, McCall WV, Liguori A (2011) Cognitive, psychomotor and polysomnographic effects of Trazodone in primary insomniacs. J Sleep Res 20(4):552\u2013558","journal-title":"J Sleep Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6910_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05481-6","volume":"24","author":"N Seighali","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seighali N, Abdollahi A, Shafiee A, Amini MJ, Teymouri Athar MM, Safari O, Faghfouri P, Eskandari A, Rostaii O, Salehi AH, Soltani H, Hosseini M, Abhari FS, Maghsoudi MR, Jahanbakhshi B, Bakhtiyari M (2024) The global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder among patients coping with post COVID-19 syndrome (long COVID): a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 24(1):105","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"6910_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881117742101","volume":"32","author":"L Settimo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Settimo L, Taylor D (2018) Evaluating the dose-dependent mechanism of action of Trazodone by estimation of occupancies for different brain neurotransmitter targets. J Psychopharmacol 32(1):96\u2013104","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6910_CR57","first-page":"20","volume":"6","author":"DV Sheehan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sheehan DV, Croft HA, Gossen ER, Levitt RJ, Brull\u00e9 C, Bouchard S, Rozova A (2009) Extended-release trazodone in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Psychiatry (Edgmont) 6(5):20","journal-title":"Psychiatry (Edgmont)"},{"key":"6910_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1097\/00002826-198901001-00002","volume":"12","author":"B Silvestrini","year":"1989","unstructured":"Silvestrini B (1989) Trazodone: from the mental pain to the dys-stress hypothesis of depression. Clin Neuropharmacol 12:S4\u2013S10","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6910_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900024020","volume":"14","author":"SM Stahl","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stahl SM (2009) Mechanism of action of trazodone: a multifunctional drug. CNS Spectr 14(10):536\u2013546","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"issue":"12","key":"6910_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14121248","volume":"14","author":"L Tonetti","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tonetti L, Occhionero M, Giovagnoli S, Giudetti F, Briganti E, Natale V (2024) Activity-based prospective memory and motor sleep inertia in insomnia. Brain Sci 14(12):1248","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"key":"6910_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker J, Muench A, Perlis ML, Vargas I (2022a) Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I): a primer. Klinicheskaia I Spetsial\u2019naia psikhologiia = Clin Psychol Special Educ 11(2):123","DOI":"10.17759\/cpse.2022110208"},{"key":"6910_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Walker J, Muench A, Perlis ML, Vargas I (2022b) Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I): a primer. Klin Spec Psihol 11(2):123\u2013137","DOI":"10.17759\/cpse.2022110208"},{"key":"6910_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00620","volume":"11","author":"J Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang J, Liu S, Zhao C, Han H, Chen X, Tao J, Lu Z (2020) Effects of trazodone on sleep quality and cognitive function in arteriosclerotic cerebral small vessel disease comorbid with chronic insomnia. Front Psychiatry 11:620","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"6910_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/125650","volume":"55","author":"A Wichniak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wichniak A, Wierzbicka AE, Jarema M (2021) Treatment of insomnia \u2013 effect of Trazodone and hypnotics on sleep. Psychiatr Pol 55(4):743\u2013755","journal-title":"Psychiatr Pol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6910_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3177","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.6489","volume":"33","author":"T Yan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yan T, Sun Y, Xiao F, Wu B, Bi K, He B, Jia Y (2019) Schisandrae chinensis fructus inhibits behavioral deficits induced by sleep deprivation and chronic unpredictable mild stress via increased signaling of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Phytother Res 33(12):3177\u20133190","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"6910_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang L, Xie WW, Li LH, Zhang HG, Wang G, Chen DC, Cao Y, Cui LJ, Zhang KR, Shi JG, Tan QR (2015) Efficacy and safety of prolonged-release trazodone in major depressive disorder: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, flexible-dose trial.\u00a0Pharmacol 94(5-6):199\u2013206","DOI":"10.1159\/000368559"},{"issue":"5","key":"6910_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1007\/s11325-024-03083-4","volume":"28","author":"DF Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao DF, Zhang YZ, Sun X, Su CY, Zhang LQ (2024) Association between obstructive sleep apnea severity and depression risk: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Sleep Breath 28(5):2175\u20132185","journal-title":"Sleep Breath"},{"issue":"7","key":"6910_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"zsaf056","DOI":"10.1093\/sleep\/zsaf056","volume":"48","author":"W Zhao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhao W, Van Someren EJW, van der Lande GJM, van de Ven S, van Schalkwijk FJ, Blanken TF, Ramautar JR, Cox R (2025) One size fits null: attentional brain responses differ depending on insomnia subtype. Sleep 48(7):zsaf056","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"issue":"1","key":"6910_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-18776-7","volume":"12","author":"Y Zheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zheng Y, Lv T, Wu J, Lyu Y (2022) Trazodone changed the polysomnographic sleep architecture in insomnia disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 12(1):14453","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-025-06910-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-025-06910-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-025-06910-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T08:02:35Z","timestamp":1773216155000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-025-06910-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["6910"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-025-06910-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 April 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}