{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:16:17Z","timestamp":1786979777766,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":186,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760572800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-025-06915-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]],"date-time":"2025-10-16T02:48:25Z","timestamp":1760582905000},"page":"495-512","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Modulation of glycine transporters as a novel therapeutic strategy in neuropsychiatry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"243","author":[{"given":"Antonello","family":"Pinna","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2632-1211","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artur","family":"Pa\u0142asz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"13","key":"6915_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2837","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.155","volume":"37","author":"C Achat-Mendes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Achat-Mendes C, Dhonnchadha N, Platt B\u00c1, Kantak DM, K. M., Spealman RD (2012) Glycine transporter-1 Inhibition preceding extinction training inhibits reacquisition of cocaine seeking. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 37(13):2837\u20132845. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2012.155","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"3 Pt 2","key":"6915_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2524","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-03-02524.1995","volume":"15","author":"RH Adams","year":"1995","unstructured":"Adams RH, Sato K, Shimada S, Tohyama M, P\u00fcschel AW, Betz H (1995) Gene structure and glial expression of the glycine transporter GlyT1 in embryonic and adult rodents. J Neurosci 15(3 Pt 2):2524\u20132532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-03-02524.1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-00875-6","volume":"10","author":"A Ahnaou","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ahnaou A, Broadbelt T, Biermans R, Huysmans H, Manyakov NV, Drinkenburg WHIM (2020) The phosphodiesterase-4 and Glycine transporter-1 inhibitors enhance in vivo hippocampal theta network connectivity and synaptic plasticity, whereas D-serine does not. Transl Psychiatry 10(1):197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-020-00875-6","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"6915_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"issue":"21","key":"6915_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2075","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(65)90325-5","volume":"4","author":"MH Aprison","year":"1965","unstructured":"Aprison MH, Werman R (1965) The distribution of Glycine in Cat spinal cord and roots. Life Sci 4(21):2075\u20132083. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0024-3205(65)90325-5","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"6915_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90263-1","volume":"25","author":"T Araki","year":"1988","unstructured":"Araki T, Yamano M, Murakami T, Wanaka A, Betz H, Tohyama M (1988) Localization of glycine receptors in the rat central nervous system: an immunocytochemical analysis using monoclonal antibody. Neuroscience 25(2):613\u2013624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90263-1","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000203","volume":"121","author":"F Barthel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barthel F, Urban A, Schl\u00f6sser L, Eulenburg V, Werdehausen R, Brandenburger T, Aragon C, Bauer I, Hermanns H (2014) Long-term application of Glycine transporter inhibitors acts antineuropathic and modulates spinal N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit NR-1 expression in rats. Anesthesiology 121(1):160\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ALN.0000000000000203","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"issue":"9","key":"6915_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2175","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1301604","volume":"33","author":"M Beneyto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Beneyto M, Meador-Woodruff JH (2008) Lamina-specific abnormalities of NMDA receptor-associated postsynaptic protein transcripts in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 33(9):2175\u20132186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.npp.1301604","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"6915_CR9","unstructured":"Boehringer Ingelheim (2025), June 15 A study to test long-term safety of Iclepertin in people with schizophrenia who took part in a previous CONNEX study (Identifier NCT05211947). ClinicalTrials.gov. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05211947"},{"key":"6915_CR10","unstructured":"Boehringer Ingelheim (2025), June 15 Clinical trial of BI 425809 effect on cognition and functional capacity in schizophrenia (Identifier NCT02832037). ClinicalTrials.gov. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT02832037"},{"key":"6915_CR11","unstructured":"Boehringer Ingelheim (2025), June 15 Clinical trial of Iclepertin effect on cognition and functional capacity in schizophrenia (CONNEX-1) (Identifier NCT04846868). ClinicalTrials.gov. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04846868"},{"key":"6915_CR12","unstructured":"Boehringer Ingelheim (2025), June 15 Clinical trial of Iclepertin effect on cognition and functional capacity in schizophrenia (CONNEX-2) (Identifier NCT04846881). ClinicalTrials.gov. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04846881"},{"key":"6915_CR13","unstructured":"Boehringer Ingelheim (2025), June 15 Update on the Phase III CONNEX clinical program in schizophrenia. Boehringer Ingelheim. https:\/\/www.boehringer-ingelheim.com\/human-health\/mental-health\/schizophrenia\/update-phase-iii-connex-clinical-program-schizophrenia"},{"key":"6915_CR14","unstructured":"Boehringer Ingelheim (2025), June 15 CONNEX-3: A study to test whether Iclepertin improves learning and memory in people with schizophrenia (Identifier NCT04860830). ClinicalTrials.gov. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT04860830"},{"key":"6915_CR15","unstructured":"Boehringer Ingelheim (2025), June 15 This study tests whether BI 425809 together with brain training using a computer improves mental functioning in patients with schizophrenia (Identifier NCT03859973). ClinicalTrials.gov. https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT03859973"},{"key":"6915_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Boulay, D., Pichat, P., Dargazanli, G., Estenne-Bouhtou, G., Terranova, J. P., Rogacki,N., Stemmelin, J., Coste, A., Lanneau, C., Desvignes, C., Cohen, C., Alonso, R., Vig\u00e9,X., Biton, B., Steinberg, R., Sevrin, M., Oury-Donat, F., George, P., Bergis, O.,Griebel, G., \u2026 Scatton, B. (2008). Characterization of SSR103800, a selective inhibitor of the glycine transporter-1 in models predictive of therapeutic activity in schizophrenia.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior, 91(1), 47\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.06.009","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.06.009"},{"issue":"4","key":"6915_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00725-6","volume":"40","author":"G Brasnjo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brasnjo G, Otis TS (2003) Glycine transporters not only take out the garbage, they recycle. Neuron 40(4):667\u2013669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00725-6","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.11.014","volume":"82","author":"D Bugarski-Kirola","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bugarski-Kirola D, Blaettler T, Arango C, Fleischhacker WW, Garibaldi G, Wang A, Dixon M, Bressan RA, Nasrallah H, Lawrie S, Napieralski J, Ochi-Lohmann T, Reid C, Marder SR (2017) Bitopertin in negative symptoms of schizophrenia-results from the phase III flashlyte and daylyte studies. Biol Psychiatry 82(1):8\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2016.11.014","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"12","key":"6915_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30344-3","volume":"3","author":"D Bugarski-Kirola","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bugarski-Kirola D, Iwata N, Sameljak S, Reid C, Blaettler T, Millar L, Marques TR, Garibaldi G, Kapur S (2016) Efficacy and safety of adjunctive bitopertin versus placebo in patients with suboptimally controlled symptoms of schizophrenia treated with antipsychotics: results from three phase 3, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, multicentre studies in the searchlyte clinical trial programme. Lancet Psychiatry 3(12):1115\u20131128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(16)30344-3","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"6915_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.03.007","volume":"24","author":"D Bugarski-Kirola","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bugarski-Kirola D, Wang A, Abi-Saab D, Bl\u00e4ttler T (2014) A phase II\/III trial of Bitopertin monotherapy compared with placebo in patients with an acute exacerbation of schizophrenia - results from the candlelyte study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacology: J Eur Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 24(7):1024\u20131036. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2014.03.007","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacology: J Eur Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6915_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2014.4","volume":"39","author":"SA Castner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castner SA, Murthy NV, Ridler K, Herdon H, Roberts BM, Weinzimmer DP, Huang Y, Zheng MQ, Rabiner EA, Gunn RN, Carson RE, Williams GV, Laruelle M (2014) Relationship between glycine transporter 1 inhibition as measured with positron emission tomography and changes in cognitive performances in nonhuman primates. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 39(12):2742\u20132749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2014.4","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"6915_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2015.10.013","volume":"116","author":"VS Catts","year":"2016","unstructured":"Catts VS, Lai YL, Weickert CS, Weickert TW, Catts SV (2016) A quantitative review of the postmortem evidence for decreased cortical N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor expression levels in schizophrenia: how can we link molecular abnormalities to mismatch negativity deficits? Biol Psychol 116:57\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2015.10.013","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"issue":"15","key":"6915_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2849","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-015-3920-3","volume":"232","author":"S Chaki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chaki S, Shimazaki T, Karasawa J, Aoki T, Kaku A, Iijima M, Kambe D, Yamamoto S, Kawakita Y, Shibata T, Abe K, Okubo T, Sekiguchi Y, Okuyama S (2015) Efficacy of a glycine transporter 1 inhibitor TASP0315003 in animal models of cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Psychopharmacology 232(15):2849\u20132861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-015-3920-3","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"6915_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881120908016","volume":"34","author":"CH Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang CH, Lin CH, Liu CY, Chen SJ, Lane HY (2020) Efficacy and cognitive effect of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) in patients with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of double-blind randomised controlled trials. J Psychopharmacol (Oxford England) 34(5):495\u2013505. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881120908016","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol (Oxford England)"},{"key":"6915_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00162","volume":"9","author":"KT Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen KT, Tsai MH, Wu CH, Jou MJ, Wei IH, Huang CC (2015) AMPA receptor-mTOR activation is required for the antidepressant-like effects of sarcosine during the forced swim test in rats: insertion of AMPA receptor may play a role. Front Behav Neurosci 9:162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00162","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"6915_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2153","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.271700","volume":"592","author":"R Chen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chen R, Okabe A, Sun H, Sharopov S, Hanganu-Opatz IL, Kolbaev SN, Fukuda A, Luhmann HJ, Kilb W (2014) Activation of glycine receptors modulates spontaneous epileptiform activity in the immature rat hippocampus. J Physiol 592(10):2153\u20132168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.271700","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"6915_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797253","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2021.797253","volume":"14","author":"S Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen S, Xu D, Fan L, Fang Z, Wang X, Li M (2022) Roles of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in epilepsy. Front Mol Neurosci 14:797253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2021.797253","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"6915_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2022.06.027","volume":"496","author":"HJ Chen-Engerer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen-Engerer HJ, Jaeger S, Bondarenko R, Sprengel R, Hengerer B, Rosenbrock H, Mack V, Schuelert N (2022) Increasing the excitatory drive rescues excitatory\/inhibitory imbalance and mismatch negativity deficit caused by parvalbumin specific GluA1 deletion. Neuroscience 496:190\u2013204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2022.06.027","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"29","key":"6915_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3404","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026616666160405113340","volume":"16","author":"CL Cioffi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cioffi CL, Guzzo PR (2016) Inhibitors of glycine transporter-1: potential therapeutics for the treatment of CNS disorders. Curr Top Med Chem 16(29):3404\u20133437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1568026616666160405113340","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"6915_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1017\/s1092852900010427","volume":"10","author":"BM Cortese","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cortese BM, Phan KL (2005) The role of glutamate in anxiety and related disorders. CNS Spectr 10(10):820\u2013830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s1092852900010427","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"issue":"11","key":"6915_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.115.11.1025","volume":"115","author":"GE Crane","year":"1959","unstructured":"Crane GE (1959) Cyloserine as an antidepressant agent. Am J Psychiatry 115(11):1025\u20131026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/ajp.115.11.1025","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"6915_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhh147","volume":"15","author":"B Cubelos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cubelos B, Gim\u00e9nez C, Zafra F (2005) Localization of the GLYT1 Glycine transporter at glutamatergic synapses in the rat brain. Cereb Cortex (New York N Y : 1991) 15(4):448\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhh147","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex (New York N Y : 1991)"},{"key":"6915_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.09.002","volume":"73","author":"B Cubelos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cubelos B, Leite C, Gim\u00e9nez C, Zafra F (2014) Localization of the glycine transporter GLYT1 in glutamatergic synaptic vesicles. Neurochem Int 73:204\u2013210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2013.09.002","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"6915_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1080\/15504263.2023.2293854","volume":"20","author":"J Donlon","year":"2024","unstructured":"Donlon J, Kumari P, Varghese SP, Bai M, Florentin OD, Frost ED, Banks J, Vadlapatla N, Kam O, Shad MU, Rahman S, Abulseoud OA, Stone TW, Koola MM (2024) Integrative pharmacology in the treatment of substance use disorders. J Dual Diagnosis 20(2):132\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15504263.2023.2293854","journal-title":"J Dual Diagnosis"},{"issue":"6","key":"6915_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.12.019","volume":"84","author":"DC D\u2019Souza","year":"2018","unstructured":"D\u2019Souza DC, Carson RE, Driesen N, Johannesen J, Ranganathan M, Krystal JH, Yale GlyT1 Study Group (2018) Dose-related target occupancy and effects on circuitry, behavior, and neuroplasticity of the Glycine Transporter-1 inhibitor PF-03463275 in healthy and schizophrenia subjects. Biol Psychiatry 84(6):413\u2013421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.12.019","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"6915_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175306","volume":"935","author":"S Deiana","year":"2022","unstructured":"Deiana S, Hauber W, Munster A, Sommer S, Ferger B, Marti A, Schmid B, Dorner-Ciossek C, Rosenbrock H (2022) Pro-cognitive effects of the GlyT1 inhibitor Bitopertin in rodents. Eur J Pharmacol 935:175306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175306","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"11","key":"6915_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1963","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300772","volume":"30","author":"R Depoort\u00e8re","year":"2005","unstructured":"Depoort\u00e8re R, Dargazanli G, Estenne-Bouhtou G, Coste A, Lanneau C, Desvignes C, Poncelet M, Heaulme M, Santucci V, Decobert M, Cudennec A, Voltz C, Boulay D, Terranova JP, Stemmelin J, Roger P, Marabout B, Sevrin M, Vig\u00e9 X, Biton B, Paul Terranova Jean, Steinberg R\u00e9gis, Fran\u00e7on Dominique, Alonso Richard, Avenet Patrick, Oury-Donat Florence, Perrault Ghislaine, Griebel Guy, George Pascal, Soubri\u00e9 Philippe, Scatton B (2005) Neurochemical, electrophysiological and pharmacological profiles of the selective inhibitor of the glycine transporter-1 SSR504734, a potential new type of antipsychotic. Neuropsychopharmacology 30(11):1963\u20131985. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.npp.1300772","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2009.03.018","volume":"123","author":"T Dohi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dohi T, Morita K, Kitayama T, Motoyama N, Morioka N (2009) Glycine transporter inhibitors as a novel drug discovery strategy for neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Ther 123(1):54\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2009.03.018","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"6915_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.29.3.24","volume":"29","author":"IG EPSTEIN","year":"1956","unstructured":"Epstein IG, Nair, KG, Boyd LJ (1956) The treatment of human pulmonary tuberculosis with cycloserine: progress report. Dis Chest 29(3):241\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.29.3.24","journal-title":"Dis Chest"},{"issue":"8","key":"6915_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.201912318","volume":"151","author":"FA Erdem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Erdem FA, Ilic M, Koppensteiner P, Go\u0142acki J, Lubec G, Freissmuth M, Sandtner W (2019) A comparison of the transport kinetics of Glycine transporter 1 and Glycine transporter 2. J Gen Physiol 151(8):1035\u20131050. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1085\/jgp.201912318","journal-title":"J Gen Physiol"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6915_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2010.01.003","volume":"63","author":"V Eulenburg","year":"2010","unstructured":"Eulenburg V, Gomeza J (2010) Neurotransmitter transporters expressed in glial cells as regulators of synapse function. Brain Res Rev 63(1\u20132):103\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2010.01.003","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"6915_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2005.04.004","volume":"30","author":"V Eulenburg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Eulenburg V, Armsen W, Betz H, Gomeza J (2005) Glycine transporters: essential regulators of neurotransmission. Trends Biochem Sci 30(6):325\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tibs.2005.04.004","journal-title":"Trends Biochem Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"6915_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-018-1684-3","volume":"223","author":"V Eulenburg","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eulenburg V, Knop G, Sedmak T, Schuster S, Hauf K, Schneider J, Feigenspan A, Joachimsthaler A, Brandst\u00e4tter JH (2018) GlyT1 determines the glycinergic phenotype of amacrine cells in the mouse retina. Brain Struct Funct 223(7):3251\u20133266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00429-018-1684-3","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"issue":"9","key":"6915_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26094331","volume":"26","author":"M Fadgyas-Stanculete","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fadgyas-Stanculete M, Capatina OO (2025) Glutamate-based therapeutic strategies for schizophrenia: emerging approaches beyond dopamine. Int J Mol Sci 26(9):4331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26094331","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"24","key":"6915_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6017","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29246017","volume":"29","author":"J Filarowska-Jurko","year":"2024","unstructured":"Filarowska-Jurko J, Grochecki P, Gibu\u0142a-Tarlowska E, Listos J, Kedzierska E, Socha J, Smaga I, Slowik T, Filip M, Kotlinska JH (2024) Org24598, a selective glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) inhibitor, reverses object recognition and spatial memory impairments following binge-like ethanol exposure in rats. Molecules 29(24):6017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29246017","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"6915_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30513-7","volume":"8","author":"WW Fleischhacker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fleischhacker WW, Podhorna J, Gr\u00f6schl M, Hake S, Zhao Y, Huang S, Keefe RSE, Desch M, Brenner R, Walling DP, Mantero-Atienza E, Nakagome K, Pollentier S (2021) Efficacy and safety of the novel Glycine transporter inhibitor BI 425809 once daily in patients with schizophrenia: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled phase 2 study. Lancet Psychiatry 8(3):191\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(20)30513-7","journal-title":"Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02645-y","volume":"30","author":"M Fornaro","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fornaro M, Caiazza C, Billeci M, Berk M, Marx W, Balanz\u00e1-Martinez V, De Prisco M, Pezone R, De Simone G, Solini N, Iasevoli F, Berna F, Fond G, Boyer L, Carvalho AF, Dragioti E, Fiedorowicz JG, de Bartolomeis A, Correll CU, Solmi M (2025) Nutraceuticals and phytoceuticals in the treatment of schizophrenia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis Nutra NMA SCZ. Mol Psychiatry 30(1):168\u2013187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-024-02645-y","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"6915_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S509","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.22021","volume":"23","author":"SH Fox","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fox SH, Lang AE (2008) Levodopa-related motor complications\u2013phenomenology. Mov Disorders: Official J Mov Disorder Soc 23(Suppl 3):S509\u2013S514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.22021","journal-title":"Mov Disorders: Official J Mov Disorder Soc"},{"key":"6915_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174452","volume":"910","author":"I Frouni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Frouni I, Belliveau S, Maddaford S, Nuara SG, Gourdon JC, Huot P (2021) Effect of the Glycine transporter 1 inhibitor ALX-5407 on dyskinesia, psychosis-like behaviours and parkinsonism in the MPTP-lesioned marmoset. Eur J Pharmacol 910:174452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2021.174452","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"6915_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175090","volume":"929","author":"I Frouni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Frouni I, Kang W, B\u00e9dard D, Belliveau S, Kwan C, Hadj-Youssef S, Bourgeois-Cayer \u00c9, Ohlund L, Sleno L, Hamadjida A, Huot P (2022) Effect of glycine transporter 1 inhibition with bitopertin on parkinsonism and L-DOPA induced dyskinesia in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat. Eur J Pharmacol 929:175090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2022.175090","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6915_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-024-06815-w","volume":"242","author":"I Frouni","year":"2024","unstructured":"Frouni I, Kim E, Shaqfah J, B\u00e9dard D, Kwan C, Belliveau S, Huot P (2024) [3H]-NFPS binding to the Glycine transporter 1 in the hemi-parkinsonian rat brain. Exp Brain Res 242(5):1203\u20131214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-024-06815-w","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"6915_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2011.09.010","volume":"19","author":"T Fuchigami","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fuchigami T, Haratake M, Magata Y, Haradahira T, Nakayama M (2011) Synthesis and characterization of [\u00b9\u00b2\u2075I]2-iodo N-[(S)-{(S)-1-methylpiperidin-2-yl}(phenyl)methyl]3-trifluoromethyl-benzamide as novel imaging probe for Glycine transporter 1. Bioorg Med Chem 19(21):6245\u20136253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bmc.2011.09.010","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem"},{"issue":"20","key":"6915_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11136","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252011136","volume":"25","author":"AR Galambos","year":"2024","unstructured":"Galambos AR, Essmat N, Lakatos PP, Sz\u00fccs E, Boldizs\u00e1r I Jr, Abbood SK, Kar\u00e1di D\u00c1, Kirchlechner-Farkas JM, Kir\u00e1ly K, Benyhe S, Riba P, T\u00e1bi T, Harsing LG Jr, Z\u00e1dor F, Al-Khrasani M (2024) Glycine transporter 1 inhibitors minimize the analgesic tolerance to morphine. Int J Mol Sci 25(20):11136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms252011136","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"6915_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1124\/pharmrev.122.000583","volume":"74","author":"CI Gallagher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gallagher CI, Ha DA, Harvey RJ, Vandenberg RJ (2022) Positive allosteric modulators of Glycine receptors and their potential use in pain therapies. Pharmacol Rev 74(4):933\u2013961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pharmrev.122.000583","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"6915_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1210","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.5c00039","volume":"16","author":"N Gapi\u0144ska","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gapi\u0144ska N, Wla\u017a P, Wyska E, \u015awierczek A, Kami\u0144ski K, Jakubiec M, Abram M, Ciepiela K, Latacz G, S\u0142owik T, Krokowski D, Jarosz \u0141, Ciszewski A, Soca\u0142a K (2025) Effect of SSR504734, a selective glycine transporter type 1 inhibitor, on seizure thresholds, neurotransmitter levels, and inflammatory markers in mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 16(6):1210\u20131226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.5c00039","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"6915_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00672-x","volume":"40","author":"J Gomeza","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gomeza J, H\u00fclsmann S, Ohno K, Eulenburg V, Sz\u00f6ke K, Richter D, Betz H (2003A) Inactivation of the glycine transporter 1 gene discloses vital role of glial glycine uptake in glycinergic inhibition. Neuron 40(4):785\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00672-x","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"4","key":"6915_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00673-1","volume":"40","author":"J Gomeza","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gomeza J, Ohno K, H\u00fclsmann S, Armsen W, Eulenburg V, Richter DW, Laube B, Betz H (2003B) Deletion of the mouse Glycine transporter 2 results in a hyperekplexia phenotype and postnatal lethality. Neuron 40(4):797\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0896-6273(03)00673-1","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4769","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-07236-4","volume":"9","author":"T Grand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grand T, Abi Gerges S, David M, Diana MA, Paoletti P (2018) Unmasking GluN1\/GluN3A excitatory glycine NMDA receptors. Nat Commun 9(1):4769. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-018-07236-4","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"15","key":"6915_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7189","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.15.7189","volume":"89","author":"J Guastella","year":"1992","unstructured":"Guastella J, Brecha N, Weigmann C, Lester HA, Davidson N (1992) Cloning, expression, and localization of a rat brain high-affinity glycine transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 89(15):7189\u20137193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.89.15.7189","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"6915_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.04.013","volume":"685","author":"K Harada","year":"2012","unstructured":"Harada K, Nakato K, Yarimizu J, Yamazaki M, Morita M, Takahashi S, Aota M, Saita K, Doihara H, Sato Y, Yamaji T, Ni K, Matsuoka N (2012) A novel glycine transporter-1 (GlyT1) inhibitor, ASP2535 (4-[3-isopropyl-5-(6-phenyl-3-pyridyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl]-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole), improves cognition in animal models of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Eur J Pharmacol 685(1\u20133):59\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.04.013","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6915_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1016\/s0091-3057(02)01078-x","volume":"74","author":"LG Harsing Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harsing LG Jr, Gacsalyi I, Szabo G, Schmidt E, Sziray N, Sebban C, Tesolin-Decros B, Matyus P, Egyed A, Spedding M, Levay G (2003) The Glycine transporter-1 inhibitors NFPS and org 24461: a Pharmacological study. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 74(4):811\u2013825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0091-3057(02)01078-x","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"6915_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scog.2024.100340","volume":"40","author":"PD Harvey","year":"2024","unstructured":"Harvey PD, McDonald S, Fu E, Reuteman-Fowler C (2024) Efficacy and safety of Iclepertin (BI 425809) with adjunctive computerized cognitive training in patients with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Res Cognition 40:100340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scog.2024.100340","journal-title":"Schizophrenia Res Cognition"},{"issue":"11","key":"6915_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3893","volume":"12","author":"RJ Harvey","year":"2013","unstructured":"Harvey RJ, Yee BK (2013) Glycine transporters as novel therapeutic targets in schizophrenia, alcohol dependence and pain. Nat Rev Drug Discov 12(11):866\u2013885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrd3893","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"7","key":"6915_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.06.013","volume":"35","author":"K Hashimoto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hashimoto K (2011) The role of glutamate on the action of antidepressants. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 35(7):1558\u20131568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.06.013","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"6915_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1517\/14728222.2014.934225","volume":"18","author":"K Hashimoto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hashimoto K (2014) Targeting of NMDA receptors in new treatments for schizophrenia. Expert Opin Ther Targets 18(9):1049\u20131063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1517\/14728222.2014.934225","journal-title":"Expert Opin Ther Targets"},{"issue":"2","key":"6915_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20324","volume":"20","author":"MA Hely","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hely MA, Morris JG, Reid WG, Trafficante R (2005) Sydney multicenter study of Parkinson\u2019s disease: non-L-dopa-responsive problems dominate at 15 years. Mov Disorders: Official J Mov Disorder Soc 20(2):190\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.20324","journal-title":"Mov Disorders: Official J Mov Disorder Soc"},{"issue":"6","key":"6915_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2010.07.023","volume":"59","author":"HJ Herdon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Herdon HJ, Roberts JC, Coulton S, Porter RA (2010) Pharmacological characterisation of the GlyT-1 glycine transporter using two novel radioligands. Neuropharmacology 59(6):558\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2010.07.023","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"6915_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0778-9","volume":"16","author":"Y Hirayasu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hirayasu Y, Sato S, Takahashi H, Iida S, Shuto N, Yoshida S, Funatogawa T, Yamada T, Higuchi T (2016) A double-blind randomized study assessing safety and efficacy following one-year adjunctive treatment with bitopertin, a Glycine reuptake inhibitor, in Japanese patients with schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 16:66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-016-0778-9","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"18","key":"6915_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3335","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00284","volume":"12","author":"C Hoffmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hoffmann C, Evc\u00fcman S, Neumaier F, Zlatopolskiy BD, Humpert S, Bier D, Holschbach M, Schulze A, Endepols H, Neumaier B (2021) [18F]ALX5406: A Brain-Penetrating prodrug for GlyT1-Specific PET imaging. ACS Chem Neurosci 12(18):3335\u20133346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.1c00284","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1111\/gbb.12348","volume":"16","author":"FW Hopf","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hopf FW (2017) Do specific NMDA receptor subunits act as gateways for addictive behaviors? Genes Brain Behav 16(1):118\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/gbb.12348","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"issue":"11","key":"6915_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci14111150","volume":"14","author":"YT Hsiao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hsiao YT, Chang CY, Lee TY, Liao WT, Lai WS, Chang FC (2024) Effects of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) on NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor hypofunction induced by MK801: in vivo calcium imaging in the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus. Brain Sci 14(11):1150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci14111150","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.12547","volume":"1338","author":"W Hu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hu W, MacDonald ML, Elswick DE, Sweet RA (2015) The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia: evidence from human brain tissue studies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1338(1):38\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nyas.12547","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"6915_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.02.020","volume":"74","author":"CC Huang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Huang CC, Wei IH, Huang CL, Chen KT, Tsai MH, Tsai P, Tun R, Huang KH, Chang YC, Lane HY, Tsai GE (2013) Inhibition of glycine transporter-I as a novel mechanism for the treatment of depression. Biol Psychiatry 74(10):734\u2013741. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.02.020","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"6915_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05324.x","volume":"105","author":"Y Imamura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Imamura Y, Ma CL, Pabba M, Bergeron R (2008) Sustained saturating level of Glycine induces changes in NR2B-containing-NMDA receptor localization in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. J Neurochem 105(6):2454\u20132465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2008.05324.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"6915_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137715","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137715","volume":"826","author":"R Izidoro Ribeiro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Izidoro Ribeiro R, Almeida Carvalho G, Almeida Chiareli R, Vieira de Assis Lima I, Quaglio Bellozi PM, Oliveira-Lima OC, Giacomelli O, Birbrair \u00c1, Gomez AS, Pinheiro R, de Oliveira AC, Ulrich H, Pinto CX, M (2024) Glycine transporter-1 Inhibition by NFPS promotes neuroprotection against striatal damage models. Neurosci Lett 826:137715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2024.137715","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"2","key":"6915_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300313","volume":"29","author":"DC Javitt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Javitt DC, Balla A, Burch S, Suckow R, Xie S, Sershen H (2004) Reversal of phencyclidine-induced dopaminergic dysregulation by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor\/glycine-site agonists. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 29(2):300\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.npp.1300313","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"6915_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.09.023","volume":"89","author":"E Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez E, N\u00fa\u00f1ez E, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez I, Zafra F, Arag\u00f3n C, Gim\u00e9nez C (2015) Glycine transporters GlyT1 and GlyT2 are differentially modulated by glycogen synthase kinase 3\u03b2. Neuropharmacology 89:245\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.09.023","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"12","key":"6915_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10712","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M110.167056","volume":"286","author":"E Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez E, Zafra F, P\u00e9rez-Sen R, Delicado EG, Miras-Portugal MT, Arag\u00f3n C, L\u00f3pez-Corcuera B (2011) P2Y purinergic regulation of the glycine neurotransmitter transporters. J Biol Chem 286(12):10712\u201310724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M110.167056","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"6104","key":"6915_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1038\/325529a0","volume":"325","author":"JW Johnson","year":"1987","unstructured":"Johnson JW, Ascher P (1987) Glycine potentiates the NMDA response in cultured mouse brain neurons. Nature 325(6104):529\u2013531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/325529a0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"6915_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1159\/000134110","volume":"71","author":"EM Jones","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jones EM, Fernald A, Bell GI, Le Beau MM (1995) Assignment of SLC6A9 to human chromosome band 1p33 by in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 71(3):211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000134110","journal-title":"Cytogenet Cell Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"6915_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64031026.x","volume":"64","author":"F Jursky","year":"1995","unstructured":"Jursky F, Nelson N (1995) Localization of glycine neurotransmitter transporter (GLYT2) reveals correlation with the distribution of glycine receptor. J Neurochem 64(3):1026\u20131033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64031026.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67010336.x","volume":"67","author":"F Jursky","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jursky F, Nelson N (1996) Developmental expression of the Glycine transporters GLYT1 and GLYT2 in mouse brain. J Neurochem 67(1):336\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.67010336.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"6915_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S211703","volume":"16","author":"S Karthik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Karthik S, Sharma LP, Narayanaswamy JC (2020) Investigating the role of glutamate in Obsessive-compulsive disorder: current perspectives. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 16:1003\u20131013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S211703","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(93)90108-v","volume":"14","author":"JA Kemp","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kemp JA, Leeson PD (1993) The glycine site of the NMDA receptor\u2013five years on. Trends Pharmacol Sci 14(1):20\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-6147(93)90108-v","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"6915_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.07.004","volume":"152","author":"MS Keshavan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Keshavan MS, Lawler AN, Nasrallah HA, Tandon R (2017) New drug developments in psychosis: challenges, opportunities and strategies. Prog Neurobiol 152:3\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2016.07.004","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"6915_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7586","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-20-07586.2003","volume":"23","author":"GG Kinney","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kinney GG, Sur C, Burno M, Mallorga PJ, Williams JB, Figueroa DJ, Wittmann M, Lemaire W, Conn PJ (2003) The glycine transporter type 1 inhibitor N-[3-(4\u2019-fluorophenyl)-3-(4\u2019-phenylphenoxy)propyl]sarcosine potentiates NMDA receptor-mediated responses in vivo and produces an antipsychotic profile in rodent behavior. J Neuroscience: Official J Soc Neurosci 23(20):7586\u20137591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-20-07586.2003","journal-title":"J Neuroscience: Official J Soc Neurosci"},{"issue":"4867","key":"6915_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2841759","volume":"241","author":"NW Kleckner","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kleckner NW, Dingledine R (1988) Requirement for glycine in activation of NMDA-receptors expressed in xenopus oocytes. Sci (New York N Y) 241(4867):835\u2013837. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.2841759","journal-title":"Sci (New York N Y)"},{"issue":"5","key":"6915_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00185459","volume":"186","author":"J Kolston","year":"1992","unstructured":"Kolston J, Osen KK, Hackney CM, Ottersen OP, Storm-Mathisen J (1992) An atlas of glycine- and GABA-like immunoreactivity and colocalization in the cochlear nuclear complex of the Guinea pig. Anat Embryol 186(5):443\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00185459","journal-title":"Anat Embryol"},{"key":"6915_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.11.024","volume":"746","author":"H Komatsu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Komatsu H, Furuya Y, Sawada K, Asada T (2015) Involvement of the strychnine-sensitive glycine receptor in the anxiolytic effects of GlyT1 inhibitors on maternal separation-induced ultrasonic vocalization in rat pups. Eur J Pharmacol 746:252\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejphar.2014.11.024","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S71","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001021","volume":"7","author":"JH Krystal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Krystal JH, Sanacora G, Blumberg H, Anand A, Charney DS, Marek G, Epperson CN, Goddard A, Mason GF (2002) Glutamate and GABA systems as targets for novel antidepressant and mood-stabilizing treatments. Mol Psychiatry 7(1):S71\u2013S80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.mp.4001021","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"6915_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-022-06530-4","volume":"241","author":"A Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar A, Akhtar A, Kuhad A, Sah SP (2023) Sarcosine (glycine transporter inhibitor) attenuates behavioural and biochemical changes induced by ketamine, in the rat model of schizophrenia. Exp Brain Res 241(2):451\u2013467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-022-06530-4","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"6639","key":"6915_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1126\/science.add7150","volume":"379","author":"T Laboute","year":"2023","unstructured":"Laboute T, Zucca S, Holcomb M, Patil DN, Garza C, Wheatley BA, Roy RN, Forli S, Martemyanov KA (2023) Orphan receptor GPR158 serves as a metabotropic Glycine receptor: mGlyR. Sci (New York N Y) 379(6639):1352\u20131358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.add7150","journal-title":"Sci (New York N Y)"},{"issue":"4","key":"6915_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.09.016","volume":"91","author":"V Labrie","year":"2009","unstructured":"Labrie V, Clapcote SJ, Roder JC (2009) Mutant mice with reduced NMDA-NR1 glycine affinity or lack of D-amino acid oxidase function exhibit altered anxiety-like behaviors. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 91(4):610\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2008.09.016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2005.11.002","volume":"6","author":"SM Lechner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lechner SM (2006) Glutamate-based therapeutic approaches: inhibitors of Glycine transport. Curr Opin Pharmacol 6(1):75\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.coph.2005.11.002","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"6915_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111729","volume":"101","author":"HJ Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee HJ, Sim JY, Song I, Nedeljkovic SS, Kim DK, Oh AY, Yoon SZ, Moon YJ, Park MH, Park I, Kim J, Lee SR, Cho S, Bahk JH (2025) Reduction of postoperative pain and opioid consumption by VVZ-149, first-in-class analgesic molecule: a confirmatory phase 3 trial of laparoscopic colectomy. J Clin Anesth 101:111729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinane.2024.111729","journal-title":"J Clin Anesth"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2412","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-57613-z","volume":"16","author":"N Li","year":"2025","unstructured":"Li N, Wei Y, Li R, Meng Y, Zhao J, Bai Q, Wang G, Zhao Y (2025) Modulation of the human GlyT1 by clinical drugs and cholesterol. Nat Commun 16(1):2412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-025-57613-z","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"6915_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-017-1685-z","volume":"124","author":"HH Lid\u00f6","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lid\u00f6 HH, Jonsson S, Hyyti\u00e4 P, Ericson M, S\u00f6derpalm B (2017) Further characterization of the GlyT-1 inhibitor Org25935: anti-alcohol, neurobehavioral, and gene expression effects. J Neural Transmission (Vienna Austria: 1996) 124(5):607\u2013619. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-017-1685-z","journal-title":"J Neural Transmission (Vienna Austria: 1996)"},{"issue":"17","key":"6915_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1883","DOI":"10.2174\/156802606778249784","volume":"6","author":"CW Lindsley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lindsley CW, Wolkenberg SE, Kinney GG (2006) Progress in the preparation and testing of Glycine transporter type-1 (GlyT1) inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 6(17):1883\u20131896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/156802606778249784","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"issue":"30","key":"6915_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22802","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)41598-0","volume":"268","author":"QR Liu","year":"1993","unstructured":"Liu QR, L\u00f3pez-Corcuera B, Mandiyan S, Nelson H, Nelson N (1993) Cloning and expression of a spinal cord- and brain-specific glycine transporter with novel structural features. J Biol Chem 268(30):22802\u201322808","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"6915_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2211","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.71052211.x","volume":"71","author":"B L\u00f3pez-Corcuera","year":"1998","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Corcuera B, Mart\u00ednez-Maza R, N\u00fa\u00f1ez E, Roux M, Supplisson S, Arag\u00f3n C (1998) Differential properties of two stably expressed brain-specific glycine transporters. J Neurochem 71(5):2211\u20132219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.71052211.x","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.034","volume":"56","author":"JW Lynch","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lynch JW (2009) Native glycine receptor subtypes and their physiological roles. Neuropharmacology 56(1):303\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.07.034","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"6915_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2021.1885648","volume":"17","author":"M Marchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marchi M, Galli G, Magarini FM, Mattei G, Galeazzi GM (2021) Sarcosine as an add-on treatment to antipsychotic medication for people with schizophrenia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 17(4):483\u2013493. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17425255.2021.1885648","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"6915_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.07.025","volume":"118","author":"BL Marques","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marques BL, Oliveira-Lima OC, Carvalho GA, de Almeida Chiarelli R, Ribeiro RI, Parreira RC, da Madeira Freitas EM, Resende RR, Klempin F, Ulrich H, Gomez RS, Pinto MCX (2020) Neurobiology of glycine transporters: from molecules to behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 118:97\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2020.07.025","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"6915_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2168","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M006774200","volume":"276","author":"R Mart\u00ednez-Maza","year":"2001","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Maza R, Poyatos I, L\u00f3pez-Corcuera B, \u00fa\u00f1ez N, Gim\u00e9nez E, Zafra C, F., Arag\u00f3n C (2001) The role of N-glycosylation in transport to the plasma membrane and sorting of the neuronal Glycine transporter GLYT2. J Biol Chem 276(3):2168\u20132173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M006774200","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"6915_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1902","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-023-01949-9","volume":"28","author":"RA McCutcheon","year":"2023","unstructured":"McCutcheon RA, Keefe RSE, McGuire PK (2023) Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: aetiology, pathophysiology, and treatment. Mol Psychiatry 28(5):1902\u20131918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-023-01949-9","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"6915_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1705","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.108.049312","volume":"74","author":"M Mezler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mezler M, Hornberger W, Mueller R, Schmidt M, Amberg W, Braje W, Ochse M, Schoemaker H, Behl B (2008) Inhibitors of GlyT1 affect glycine transport via discrete binding sites. Mol Pharmacol 74(6):1705\u20131715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/mol.108.049312","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"6915_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.08.068","volume":"1240","author":"TT Miguel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Miguel TT, Nunes-de-Souza RL (2008) Anxiogenic-like effects induced by NMDA receptor activation are prevented by inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the periaqueductal gray in mice. Brain Res 1240:39\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.08.068","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/alcalc\/agl085","volume":"42","author":"A Molander","year":"2007","unstructured":"Molander A, Lid\u00f6 HH, L\u00f6f E, Ericson M, S\u00f6derpalm B (2007) The Glycine reuptake inhibitor org 25935 decreases ethanol intake and preference in male Wistar rats. Alcohol Alcohol (Oxf Oxfs) 42(1):11\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/alcalc\/agl085","journal-title":"Alcohol Alcohol (Oxf Oxfs)"},{"issue":"2","key":"6915_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.108.136267","volume":"326","author":"K Morita","year":"2008","unstructured":"Morita K, Motoyama N, Kitayama T, Morioka N, Kifune K, Dohi T (2008) Spinal antiallodynia action of glycine transporter inhibitors in neuropathic pain models in mice. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 326(2):633\u2013645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.108.136267","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"6915_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-5793(98)01390-8","volume":"439","author":"JA Morrow","year":"1998","unstructured":"Morrow JA, Collie IT, Dunbar DR, Walker GB, Shahid M, Hill DR (1998) Molecular cloning and functional expression of the human Glycine transporter GlyT2 and chromosomal localisation of the gene in the human genome. FEBS Lett 439(3):334\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0014-5793(98)01390-8","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"6915_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"988","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000388","volume":"119","author":"N Motoyama","year":"2014","unstructured":"Motoyama N, Morita K, Shiraishi S, Kitayama T, Kanematsu T, Uezono Y, Dohi T (2014) Relief of cancer pain by glycine transporter inhibitors. Anesth Analg 119(4):988\u2013995. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0000000000000388","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"6915_CR112","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025) PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5311285, Org 24598. Retrieved June 12, 2025 from https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Org-24598"},{"key":"6915_CR113","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025) PubChem Compound Summary for CID 44156901. Retrieved June 12, 2025 from https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/pf-03463275"},{"key":"6915_CR114","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025) PubChem Compound Summary for CID 155259577, Iclepertin. Retrieved June 12, 2025 from https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Iclepertin"},{"key":"6915_CR115","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025) PubChem Compound Summary for CID 1088, Sarcosine. Retrieved June 15, 2025 from https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Sarcosine"},{"key":"6915_CR116","unstructured":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (2025) PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24946690, Bitopertin. Retrieved June 12, 2025 from https:\/\/pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/compound\/Bitopertin"},{"issue":"5","key":"6915_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.11m07081","volume":"73","author":"KR Nations","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nations KR, Smits JA, Tolin DF, Rothbaum BO, Hofmann SG, Tart CD, Lee A, Schipper J, Sjogren M, Xue D, Szegedi A, Otto MW (2012) Evaluation of the Glycine transporter inhibitor org 25935 as augmentation to cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic disorder: a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 73(5):647\u2013653. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/JCP.11m07081","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6915_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.017","volume":"122","author":"B\u00c1 Nic Dhonnchadha","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nic Dhonnchadha B\u00c1, Pinard E, Alberati D, Wettstein JG, Spealman RD, Kantak KM (2012) Inhibiting glycine transporter-1 facilitates cocaine-cue extinction and attenuates reacquisition of cocaine-seeking behavior. Drug Alcohol Depend 122(1\u20132):119\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.09.017","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"6915_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1097\/FBP.0b013e32833d419d","volume":"21","author":"H Nishikawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nishikawa H, Inoue T, Izumi T, Nakagawa S, Koyama T (2010a) SSR504734, a Glycine transporter-1 inhibitor, attenuates acquisition and expression of contextual conditioned fear in rats. Behav Pharmacol 21(5\u20136):576\u2013579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/FBP.0b013e32833d419d","journal-title":"Behav Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6915_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1254\/jphs.09351fp","volume":"112","author":"Y Nishikawa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nishikawa Y, Sasaki A, Kuraishi Y (2010b) Blockade of Glycine transporter (GlyT) 2, but not GlyT1, ameliorates dynamic and static mechanical allodynia in mice with herpetic or postherpetic pain. J Pharmacol Sci 112(3):352\u2013360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1254\/jphs.09351fp","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6915_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00057-w","volume":"675","author":"G Nowak","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nowak G, Ordway GA, Paul IA (1995) Alterations in the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor complex in the frontal cortex of suicide victims. Brain Res 675(1\u20132):157\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(95)00057-w","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6915_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbu171","volume":"41","author":"K Ohi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ohi K, Hashimoto R, Ikeda M, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Fujimoto M, Umeda-Yano S, Fukunaga M, Fujino H, Watanabe Y, Iwase M, Kazui H, Iwata N, Weinberger DR, Takeda M (2015) Glutamate networks implicate cognitive impairments in schizophrenia: genome-wide association studies of 52 cognitive phenotypes. Schizophr Bull 41(4):909\u2013918. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbu171","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"9","key":"6915_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2535","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-024-04190-0","volume":"49","author":"OC Oliveira-Lima","year":"2024","unstructured":"Oliveira-Lima OC, de Carvalho GA, do Prado Assun\u00e7\u00e3o L, Bail\u00e3o AM, Ulrich H, Marques BL, de Oliveira ACP, Gomez RS, Pinto MCX (2024) GlyT1 inhibition by NFPS promotes neuroprotection in Amyloid-\u03b2-induced alzheimer\u2019s disease animal model. Neurochem Res 49(9):2535\u20132555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-024-04190-0","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"6915_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(99)00029-1","volume":"33","author":"JW Olney","year":"1999","unstructured":"Olney JW, Newcomer JW, Farber NB (1999) NMDA receptor hypofunction model of schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 33(6):523\u2013533","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-023-02701-x","volume":"131","author":"Y Olsson","year":"2024","unstructured":"Olsson Y, Lid\u00f6 H, Ademar K, Cadeddu D, Ericson M, S\u00f6derpalm B (2024) The GlyT1-inhibitor org 24598 facilitates the alcohol deprivation abolishing and dopamine elevating effects of bupropion\u2009+\u2009varenicline in rats. J Neural Transm 131(1):95\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00702-023-02701-x","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"6915_CR126","unstructured":"Ottersen OP, Storm-Mathisen J, Laake JH (1990) Cellular and subcellular localization of glycine studied by quantitative electron microscopic immunocytochemistry. In: Ottersen OP, Storm-Mathisen J (eds) Glycine neurotransmission. Wiley, Chichester, pp 303\u2013328"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"6915_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-008-1280-y","volume":"202","author":"G Paolone","year":"2009","unstructured":"Paolone G, Botreau F, Stewart J (2009) The facilitative effects of D-cycloserine on extinction of a cocaine-induced conditioned place preference can be long lasting and resistant to reinstatement. Psychopharmacology 202(1\u20133):403\u2013409. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-008-1280-y","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"3","key":"6915_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2012.06.029","volume":"150","author":"T Papouin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Papouin T, Lad\u00e9p\u00eache L, Ruel J, Sacchi S, Labasque M, Hanini M, Groc L, Pollegioni L, Mothet JP, Oliet SH (2012) Synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors are gated by different endogenous coagonists. Cell 150(3):633\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2012.06.029","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"6915_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1002\/syn.20760","volume":"64","author":"J Passchier","year":"2010","unstructured":"Passchier J, Gentile G, Porter R, Herdon H, Salinas C, Jakobsen S, Audrain H, Laruelle M, Gunn RN (2010) Identification and evaluation of [11 C]GSK931145 as a novel ligand for imaging the type 1 glycine transporter with positron emission tomography. Synapse (New York N Y) 64(7):542\u2013549. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/syn.20760","journal-title":"Synapse (New York N Y)"},{"issue":"11","key":"6915_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph16111557","volume":"16","author":"A Pawlak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pawlak A, Kaczmarek B, Wysoki\u0144ski A, Strzelecki D (2023) Sarcosine may induce EGF production or inhibit the decline in EGF concentrations in patients with chronic schizophrenia (results of the PULSAR study). Pharmaceuticals 16(11):1557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph16111557","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"issue":"10","key":"6915_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1288","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881119856558","volume":"33","author":"JC Pei","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pei JC, Hung WL, Lin BX, Shih MH, Lu LY, Luo DZ, Tai HC, Studer V, Min MY, Lai WS (2019) Therapeutic potential and underlying mechanism of sarcosine (N-methylglycine) in N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor hypofunction models of schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol (Oxford England) 33(10):1288\u20131302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0269881119856558","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol (Oxford England)"},{"key":"6915_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742058","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.742058","volume":"12","author":"JC Pei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pei JC, Luo DZ, Gau SS, Chang CY, Lai WS (2021) Directly and indirectly targeting the Glycine modulatory site to modulate NMDA receptor function to address unmet medical needs of patients with schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 12:742058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2021.742058","journal-title":"Front Psychiatry"},{"key":"6915_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Perry, K. W., Falcone, J. F., Fell, M. J., Ryder, J. W., Yu, H., Love, P. L., Katner,J., Gordon, K. D., Wade, M. R., Man, T., Nomikos, G. G., Phebus, L. A., Cauvin, A.J., Johnson, K. W., Jones, C. K., Hoffmann, B. J., Sandusky, G. E., Walter, M. W.,Porter, W. J., Yang, L., \u2026 Svensson, K. A. (2008). Neurochemical and behavioral profiling of the selective GlyT1 inhibitors ALX5407 and LY2365109 indicate a preferential action in caudal vs. cortical brain areas. Neuropharmacology, 55(5), 743\u2013754. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.016","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2008.06.016"},{"key":"6915_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109514","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109514","volume":"232","author":"D Piniella","year":"2023","unstructured":"Piniella D, Zafra F (2023) Functional crosstalk of the glycine transporter GlyT1 and NMDA receptors. Neuropharmacology 232:109514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2023.109514","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"6915_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689473","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.689473","volume":"12","author":"A Pinna","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pinna A, Colasanti A (2021) The neurometabolic basis of mood instability: the parvalbumin interneuron link-a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 12:689473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2021.689473","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"6915_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.04.054","volume":"271","author":"MC Pinto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pinto MC, Sim\u00e3o F, da Costa FL, Rosa DV, de Paiva MJ, Resende RR, Romano-Silva MA, Gomez MV, Gomez RS (2014) Sarcosine preconditioning induces ischemic tolerance against global cerebral ischemia. Neuroscience 271:160\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.04.054","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"6915_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.10.003","volume":"89","author":"MC Pinto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Pinto MC, Lima IV, da Costa FL, Rosa DV, Mendes-Goulart VA, Resende RR, Romano-Silva MA, de Oliveira AC, Gomez MV, Gomez RS (2015) Glycine transporters type 1 inhibitor promotes brain preconditioning against NMDA-induced excitotoxicity. Neuropharmacology 89:274\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2014.10.003","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"5","key":"6915_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.06.018","volume":"61","author":"MC Pinto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pinto MC, Mour\u00e3o FA, Binda NS, Leite HR, Gomez MV, Massensini AR, Gomez RS (2012) Pharmacological induction of ischemic tolerance in hippocampal slices by sarcosine preconditioning. Neurochem Int 61(5):713\u2013720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2012.06.018","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/s0304-3940(98)00037-8","volume":"242","author":"J Ponce","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ponce J, Poyatos I, Arag\u00f3n C, Gim\u00e9nez C, Zafra F (1998) Characterization of the 5\u2019 region of the rat brain Glycine transporter GLYT2 gene: identification of a novel isoform. Neurosci Lett 242(1):25\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0304-3940(98)00037-8","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"6915_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/7355_2014_53","volume-title":"Small molecule therapeutics for schizophrenia. Topics in medicinal chemistry","author":"RA Porter","year":"2014","unstructured":"Porter RA, Dawson LA (2014) GlyT-1 inhibitors: from hits to clinical candidates. In: Celanire S, Poli S (eds) Small molecule therapeutics for schizophrenia. Topics in medicinal chemistry, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7355_2014_53"},{"issue":"2","key":"6915_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1017\/s0952523899162047","volume":"16","author":"DV Pow","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pow DV, Hendrickson AE (1999) Distribution of the Glycine transporter glyt-1 in mammalian and nonmammalian retinae. Vis Neurosci 16(2):231\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0952523899162047","journal-title":"Vis Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"6915_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.115.223099","volume":"353","author":"MD Puhl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Puhl MD, Berg AR, Bechtholt AJ, Coyle JT (2015) Availability of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor coagonists affects cocaine-induced conditioned place preference and locomotor sensitization: implications for comorbid schizophrenia and substance abuse. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 353(3):465\u2013470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.115.223099","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"5","key":"6915_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3283381a4e","volume":"21","author":"BM Roberts","year":"2010","unstructured":"Roberts BM, Shaffer CL, Seymour PA, Schmidt CJ, Williams GV, Castner SA (2010) Glycine transporter inhibition reverses ketamine-induced working memory deficits. Neuroreport 21(5):390\u2013394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3283381a4e","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"issue":"6","key":"6915_CR144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.12578","volume":"11","author":"H Rosenbrock","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rosenbrock H, Desch M, Kleiner O, Dorner-Ciossek C, Schmid B, Keller S, Schlecker C, Moschetti V, Goetz S, Liesenfeld KH, Fillon G, Giovannini R, Ramael S, Wunderlich G, Wind S (2018) Evaluation of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of BI 425809, a novel GlyT1 inhibitor: translational studies. Clin Transl Sci 11(6):616\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cts.12578","journal-title":"Clin Transl Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"6915_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.121.001071","volume":"382","author":"H Rosenbrock","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rosenbrock H, Dorner-Ciossek C, Giovannini R, Schmid B, Schuelert N (2022) Effects of the glycine transporter-1 inhibitor Iclepertin (BI 425809) on sensory processing, neural network function, and cognition in animal models related to schizophrenia. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 382(2):223\u2013232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/jpet.121.001071","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"6915_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.947563","volume":"16","author":"R Salceda","year":"2022","unstructured":"Salceda R (2022) Glycine neurotransmission: its role in development. Front Neurosci 16:947563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2022.947563","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"7510","key":"6915_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1038\/nature13595","volume":"511","author":"Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (2014) Biological insights from 108 schizophrenia-associated genetic loci. Nature 511(7510):421\u2013427. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature13595","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"42","key":"6915_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16778","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3041-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"Y Schmitz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schmitz Y, Castagna C, Mrejeru A, Lizardi-Ortiz JE, Klein Z, Lindsley CW, Sulzer D (2013) Glycine transporter-1 inhibition promotes striatal axon sprouting via NMDA receptors in dopamine neurons. J Neuroscience: Official J Soc Neurosci 33(42):16778\u201316789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3041-12.2013","journal-title":"J Neuroscience: Official J Soc Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"6915_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000073","volume":"34","author":"JH Schoemaker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schoemaker JH, Jansen WT, Schipper J, Szegedi A (2014) The selective Glycine uptake inhibitor org 25935 as an adjunctive treatment to atypical antipsychotics in predominant persistent negative symptoms of schizophrenia: results from the GIANT trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 34(2):190\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JCP.0000000000000073","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"6915_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.08.031","volume":"99","author":"HY Shen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shen HY, van Vliet EA, Bright KA, Hanthorn M, Lytle NK, Gorter J, Aronica E, Boison D (2015) Glycine transporter 1 is a target for the treatment of epilepsy. Neuropharmacology 99:554\u2013565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2015.08.031","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)12279-9","volume":"276","author":"M Shimizu-Sasamata","year":"1996","unstructured":"Shimizu-Sasamata M, Kawasaki-Yatsugi S, Okada M, Sakamoto S, Yatsugi S, Togami J, Hatanaka K, Ohmori J, Koshiya K, Usuda S, Murase K (1996) YM90K: pharmacological characterization as a selective and potent alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate\/kainate receptor antagonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 276(1):84\u201392","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"6915_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389718","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2024.1389718","volume":"18","author":"P Singer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singer P, Yee BK (2024) Inhibition of astrocytic glycine transporter-1: friend or foe for ameliorating NMDA receptor hypofunction? Front Cell Neurosci 18:1389718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2024.1389718","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"6915_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-2999(99)00330-1","volume":"375","author":"P Skolnick","year":"1999","unstructured":"Skolnick P (1999) Antidepressants for the new millennium. Eur J Pharmacol 375(1\u20133):31\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0014-2999(99)00330-1","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6915_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(92)90207-t","volume":"8","author":"KE Smith","year":"1992","unstructured":"Smith KE, Borden LA, Hartig PR, Branchek T, Weinshank RL (1992) Cloning and expression of a Glycine transporter reveal colocalization with NMDA receptors. Neuron 8(5):927\u2013935. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0896-6273(92)90207-t","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"2","key":"6915_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/s1734-1140(10)70279-6","volume":"62","author":"K Soca\u0142a","year":"2010","unstructured":"Soca\u0142a K, Nieoczym D, Rundfeldt C, Wla\u017a P (2010) Effects of sarcosine, a glycine transporter type 1 inhibitor, in two mouse seizure models. Pharmacol Rep 62(2):392\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1734-1140(10)70279-6","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"6915_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.13483","volume":"41","author":"B S\u00f6derpalm","year":"2017","unstructured":"S\u00f6derpalm B, Lid\u00f6 HH, Ericson M (2017) The glycine receptor-a functionally important primary brain target of ethanol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 41(11):1816\u20131830. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/acer.13483","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"6915_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001014","volume":"7","author":"CA Stewart","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stewart CA, Reid IC (2002) Antidepressant mechanisms: functional and molecular correlates of excitatory amino acid neurotransmission. Mol Psychiatry 7:S15\u2013S22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.mp.4001014","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"6915_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/s0006-8993(97)00933-5","volume":"773","author":"H Straub","year":"1997","unstructured":"Straub H, K\u00f6hling R, Speckmann EJ (1997) Strychnine-induced epileptiform activity in hippocampal and neocortical slice preparations: suppression by the organic calcium antagonists verapamil and flunarizine. Brain Res 773(1\u20132):173\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0006-8993(97)00933-5","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"6915_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Supplisson S (2024) Dynamic role of GlyT1 as glycine sink or source: Pharmacological implications for the gain control of NMDA receptors. Neuroscience, S0306-4522(24)00350-6. Advance online publication. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.07.037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2024.07.037"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/s0014-5793(02)03251-9","volume":"529","author":"S Supplisson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Supplisson S, Roux MJ (2002) Why glycine transporters have different stoichiometries. FEBS Lett 529(1):93\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0014-5793(02)03251-9","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"6915_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2023.04.010","volume":"256","author":"TS Surti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Surti TS, Ranganathan M, Johannesen JK, Gueorguieva R, Deaso E, Kenney JG, Krystal JH, D\u2019Souza DC (2023) Randomized controlled trial of the Glycine transporter 1 inhibitor PF-03463275 to enhance cognitive training and neuroplasticity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 256:36\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2023.04.010","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"6915_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S314","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.221","volume":"38","author":"A Szegedi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Szegedi A, de Bejczy A, Nations KR, Ruwe F, Soderpalm B, Michelson D, Gold L (2012) Evaluation of Glycine transporter inhibitor org 25935 for the prevention of relapse in alcohol-dependent patients: a multisite, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Neuropsychopharmacology 38:S314\u2013S446","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"6915_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.04.016","volume":"100","author":"K Tokita","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tokita K, Yamaji T, Hashimoto K (2012) Roles of glutamate signaling in preclinical and\/or mechanistic models of depression. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 100(4):688\u2013704. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.04.016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"6915_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3390\/ph6020251","volume":"6","author":"SE Tomek","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tomek SE, Lacrosse AL, Nemirovsky NE, Olive MF (2013) NMDA receptor modulators in the treatment of drug addiction. Pharmaceuticals (Basel Switzerland) 6(2):251\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph6020251","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel Switzerland)"},{"issue":"9","key":"6915_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1111\/pcn.12175","volume":"68","author":"CH Tsai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsai CH, Huang HC, Liu BL, Li CI, Lu MK, Chen X, Tsai MC, Yang YW, Lane HY (2014) Activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor glycine site temporally ameliorates neuropsychiatric symptoms of parkinson\u2019s disease with dementia. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 68(9):692\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/pcn.12175","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"8","key":"6915_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13081193","volume":"13","author":"EM Tsapakis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsapakis EM, Diakaki K, Miliaras A, Fountoulakis KN (2023) Novel compounds in the treatment of schizophrenia-a selective review. Brain Sci 13(8):1193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci13081193","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"6915_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.163","volume":"71","author":"D Umbricht","year":"2014","unstructured":"Umbricht D, Alberati D, Martin-Facklam M, Borroni E, Youssef EA, Ostland M, Wallace TL, Knoflach F, Dorflinger E, Wettstein JG, Bausch A, Garibaldi G, Santarelli L (2014) Effect of bitopertin, a glycine reuptake inhibitor, on negative symptoms of schizophrenia: a randomized, double-blind, proof-of-concept study. JAMA Psychiatr 71(6):637\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.163","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"6915_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-02-00472.1988","volume":"8","author":"AN Van den Pol","year":"1988","unstructured":"Van den Pol AN, Gorcs T (1988) Glycine and glycine receptor immunoreactivity in brain and spinal cord. J Neuroscience: Official J Soc Neurosci 8(2):472\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.08-02-00472.1988","journal-title":"J Neuroscience: Official J Soc Neurosci"},{"key":"6915_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106079","volume":"180","author":"H Varbanov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Varbanov H, Jia S, Kochlamazashvili G, Bhattacharya S, Buabeid MA, El Tabbal M, Hayani H, Stoyanov S, Sun W, Thiesler H, R\u00f6ckle I, Hildebrandt H, Senkov O, Suppiramaniam V, Gerardy-Schahn R, Dityatev A (2023) Rescue of synaptic and cognitive functions in polysialic acid-deficient mice and dementia models by short polysialic acid fragments. Neurobiol Dis 180:106079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2023.106079","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"6915_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.08.006","volume":"59","author":"J Vargas-Medrano","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vargas-Medrano J, Castrejon-Tellez V, Plenge F, Ramirez I, Miranda M (2011) PKC\u03b2-dependent phosphorylation of the glycine transporter 1. Neurochem Int 59(8):1123\u20131132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuint.2011.08.006","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"6915_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2025.03.016","volume":"278","author":"S Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang S, Dong Y, Qiu Y, Sun X, Jiang C, Su Q, Li M, Li J (2025) Prediction of treatment response in drug-na\u00efve schizophrenia patients from the perspective of targeted metabolomics. Schizophr Res 278:9\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.schres.2025.03.016","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"6915_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.026","volume":"187","author":"Y Wei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wei Y, Li R, Meng Y, Hu T, Zhao J, Gao Y, Bai Q, Li N, Zhao Y (2024) Transport mechanism and pharmacology of the human GlyT1. Cell 187(7):1719-1732e14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2024.02.026","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"9","key":"6915_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000206","volume":"156","author":"R Werdehausen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Werdehausen R, Mittnacht S, Bee LA, Minett MS, Armbruster A, Bauer I, Wood JN, Hermanns H, Eulenburg V (2015) The lidocaine metabolite N-ethylglycine has antinociceptive effects in experimental inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Pain 156(9):1647\u20131659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/j.pain.0000000000000206","journal-title":"Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1968.31.1.81","volume":"31","author":"R Werman","year":"1968","unstructured":"Werman R, Davidoff RA, Aprison MH (1968) Inhibitory of glycine on spinal neurons in the cat. J Neurophysiol 31(1):81\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.1968.31.1.81","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6915_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182189878","volume":"31","author":"PL Wu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wu PL, Tang HS, Lane HY, Tsai CA, Tsai GE (2011) Sarcosine therapy for obsessive compulsive disorder: a prospective, open-label study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 31(3):369\u2013374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182189878","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-023-01163-3","volume":"15","author":"G Wunderlich","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wunderlich G, Blahova Z, Garcia M, Jessen F (2023) Efficacy and safety of the novel GlyT1 inhibitor BI 425809 in Alzheimer\u2019s dementia: a randomized controlled trial. Alzheimers Res Ther 15(1):24. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13195-023-01163-3","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"6915_CR177","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.08.004","volume":"120","author":"CR Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang CR, Svensson KA (2008) Allosteric modulation of NMDA receptor via elevation of brain Glycine and D-serine: the therapeutic potentials for schizophrenia. Pharmacol Ther 120(3):317\u2013332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.08.004","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"12","key":"6915_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2015.120","volume":"40","author":"JW Young","year":"2015","unstructured":"Young JW, Kamenski ME, Higa KK, Light GA, Geyer MA, Zhou X (2015) GlyT-1 inhibition attenuates attentional but not learning or motivational deficits of the Sp4 hypomorphic mouse model relevant to psychiatric disorders. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol 40(12):2715\u20132726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2015.120","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication Am Coll Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"6915_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.128","volume":"60","author":"F Zafra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zafra F, Gim\u00e9nez C (2008) Glycine transporters and synaptic function. IUBMB Life 60(12):810\u2013817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/iub.128","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"issue":"5 Pt 2","key":"6915_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3952","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03952.1995","volume":"15","author":"F Zafra","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zafra F, Arag\u00f3n C, Olivares L, Danbolt NC, Gim\u00e9nez C, Storm-Mathisen J (1995a) Glycine transporters are differentially expressed among CNS cells. J Neurosci 15(5 Pt 2):3952\u20133969. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.15-05-03952.1995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"6915_CR181","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01125.x","volume":"7","author":"F Zafra","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zafra F, Gomeza J, Olivares L, Arag\u00f3n C, Gim\u00e9nez C (1995b) Regional distribution and developmental variation of the Glycine transporters GLYT1 and GLYT2 in the rat CNS. Eur J Neurosci 7(6):1342\u20131352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1995.tb01125.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6915_CR182","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/NS20160009","volume":"1","author":"F Zafra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zafra F, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez I, Gim\u00e9nez C (2016) Glycinergic transmission: Glycine transporter GlyT2 in neuronal pathologies. Neuron Signal 1(1):20160009. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/NS20160009","journal-title":"Neuron Signal"},{"key":"6915_CR183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-55769-4_4","volume":"16","author":"F Zafra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zafra F, Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez I, Bartolom\u00e9-Mart\u00edn D, Piniella D, Arribas-Bl\u00e1zquez M, Gim\u00e9nez C (2017) Glycine transporters and its coupling with NMDA receptors. Adv Neurobiol 16:55\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-55769-4_4","journal-title":"Adv Neurobiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6915_CR184","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2007.12.002","volume":"35","author":"Z Zeng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zeng Z, O\u2019Brien JA, Lemaire W, O\u2019Malley SS, Miller PJ, Zhao Z, Wallace MA, Raab C, Lindsley CW, Sur C, Williams DL Jr (2008) A novel radioligand for Glycine transporter 1: characterization and use in autoradiographic and in vivo brain occupancy studies. Nucl Med Biol 35(3):315\u2013325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nucmedbio.2007.12.002","journal-title":"Nucl Med Biol"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"6915_CR185","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.07.019","volume":"57","author":"HX Zhang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhang HX, Lyons-Warren A, Thio LL (2009) The glycine transport inhibitor sarcosine is an inhibitory glycine receptor agonist. Neuropharmacology 57(5\u20136):551\u2013555. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2009.07.019","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"6915_CR186","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.b15-00501","volume":"39","author":"J Zhao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhao J, Tao H, Xian W, Cai Y, Cheng W, Yin M, Liang G, Li K, Cui L, Zhao B (2016) A highly selective inhibitor of Glycine Transporter-1 elevates the threshold for maximal electroshock-induced tonic seizure in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 39(2):174\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.b15-00501","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-025-06915-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-025-06915-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-025-06915-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T06:56:22Z","timestamp":1773212182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-025-06915-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"references-count":186,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["6915"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-025-06915-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"Authors declare no conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}