{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:57:49Z","timestamp":1781650669525,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776729600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006453","name":"Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The impact of cannabis use patterns on pain perception during abstinence remains unclear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study examined whether cannabis use frequency and weekly delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) exposure are associated with pain perception and circulating cannabinoid levels during biochemically verified brief abstinence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Healthy adults (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200975; 29 females, 46 males; ages 21\u201355) reporting past-month cannabis use were categorized into \u201cOccasional\u201d (&lt;\u20095 days\/week) or \u201cFrequent\u201d (\u2265\u20095 days\/week) groups. Weekly THC exposure (mg) was estimated from self-reported frequency, quantity, and THC concentration of cannabis used. After \u2265\u200912\u00a0h of biochemically verified abstinence, blood samples were analyzed by LC-MS\/MS for THC, 11-OH-THC, 11-COOH-THC, anandamide (AEA), 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), oleoylethanolamide (OEA), and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). Participants completed Cold Pressor Test pain threshold and tolerance assessments and subjective pain ratings. Mixed-effects models examined relationships between cannabis use patterns, circulating cannabinoids, and pain outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Frequent users (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200937; 6.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4 days\/week) exhibited higher plasma THC, 11-OH-THC, and 11-COOH-THC than occasional users (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200938; 2.6\u2009\u00b1\u20091.6 days\/week; all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Weekly THC exposure positively correlated with plasma THC and 11-COOH-THC (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Females showed higher AEA, OEA, and PEA than males (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), independent of use patterns. Pain outcomes did not differ by cannabis use frequency or weekly THC exposure and were not associated with cannabinoid levels.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Neither cannabis use frequency nor weekly THC exposure related to acute pain perception during brief abstinence, though weekly THC exposure was positively associated with circulating THC and 11-COOH-THC levels. Short-term abstinence did not produce hyperalgesia in healthy cannabis users. Studies with longer abstinence periods and in clinical populations are needed to elucidate cannabis-related pain mechanisms. [ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04385082; 5\/11\/2020]<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-026-07063-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]],"date-time":"2026-04-21T02:35:08Z","timestamp":1776738908000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cannabis use patterns and perception of acute pain during brief abstinence: sex-dependent associations with circulating cannabinoid levels"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Elisa","family":"Pabon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha L.","family":"Baglot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alisha","family":"Eversole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Fong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katherine","family":"Hampilos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Hilger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephanie","family":"Lake","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Conor H.","family":"Murray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline A.","family":"Arout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Haney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adren","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa","family":"Torrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Piomelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ziva D.","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"7063_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2010.02.017","volume":"110","author":"SJ Adamson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Adamson SJ, Kay-Lambkin FJ, Baker AL, Lewin TJ, Thornton L, Kelly BJ, Sellman JD (2010) An improved brief measure of cannabis misuse: the cannabis use disorders identification test-revised (CUDIT-R)\u2606. 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Participants provided written informed consent for participation in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"NCT04385082.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"ClinicalTrials.gov ID"}},{"value":"Funding source: US National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA047296, P50DA044118), UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute NCATS (UL1TR001881), and the Semel Charitable Foundation. EP was supported by the US National Institute of General Medical Sciences IRACDA at UCLA (K12GM106996). AE was support by the US National Institute on Drug Abuse (T32DA024635). SL was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) Banting Postdoctoral Fellowship. SB was supported by a CIHR Fellowship. Outside of this work, ZDC reports receiving study drug from Canopy Growth Corp and True Terpenes, and study-related materials from Storz & Bickel. ZDC\u2019s research is funded by grants from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, California Department of Cannabis Control, Center for Medicinal Cannabis Research, and the California Highway Patrol. MH is a stockholder of and on the scientific advisory board for PleoPharm.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}