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In contrast, during the cued threat\u2013reward conflict, diazepam reduced platform avoidance and increased reward engagement, shifting the avoidance\/approach balance toward the approach. Diazepam also impaired the re-expression of avoidance following conflict training, maintaining a more approach-dominant behavioral allocation. Sex differences emerged selectively during post-conflict re-expression of avoidance, where diazepam produced a clearer shift toward reward engagement in males, whereas the effect in females was weaker and not clearly detectable under the present conditions. Control assays showed no significant effects of diazepam on threat or reward memory retrieval, sucrose intake, open-field locomotion, or anxiety-like behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings indicate that diazepam shifts behavioral allocation toward reward during threat\u2013reward conflict and alters post-conflict avoidance re-expression, with effects that were more apparent in males than in females, while sparing reactive avoidance under no-conflict conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-026-07105-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]],"date-time":"2026-06-17T03:26:24Z","timestamp":1781666784000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Diazepam selectively biases approach during threat\u2013reward conflict while sparing reactive avoidance"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"\u00d3scar","family":"Enciso-Pablo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"F\u00e9lix","family":"Sierra-Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Sotres-Bayon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"7105_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2010.12.4","volume":"12","author":"RL Aupperle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aupperle RL, Paulus MP (2010) Neural systems underlying approach and avoidance in anxiety disorders. 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