{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:47:40Z","timestamp":1782287260036,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001773","name":"University of New South Wales","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Recent research on habits and skills has produced a wave of new theories regarding the shift in control from medial to lateral regions of the dorsal striatum, and how these regions are implicated in the selected and executed of action sequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To examine the comparative effects of muscimol\/baclofen inactivation and dopamine D1 and D2 receptor agents in the dorsomedial (DMS) and dorsolateral (DLS) striatum on the performance of skilled action sequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infusions were made in well-trained male rats using the five-step nose poke task to isolate the effects on initiation, execution and termination components of skilled action sequences.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DLS inactivation produced sequencing deficits like those observed with pre-training lesions, indicating that the DLS is critical for both the acquisition and performance of sequences. Behaviour was unchanged following DMS inactivation, consistent with models of DMS disengagement following training. Infusions of D1 and D2 antagonists did not alter behaviour, however the D2 receptor agonist quinpirole increased sequence errors at a low dose and reduced sequences at the high dose in the DLS. DLS manipulations impaired sequence initiation and termination as well as reward transitions, while the \u2018chunking\u2019 ballistic response pattern was largely unaltered, indicating that between- but not within-sequence actions rely on the DLS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Skilled action sequencing, including \u2018chunk\u2019 transitions was regulated by DLS and modulation of D2 receptors, but not DMS function. Using a novel sequencing task, these results demonstrate the dissociable role of the dorsal striatum subregions in performing skilled motor actions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-026-07115-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T05:21:28Z","timestamp":1782278488000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparative effects of inactivation and dopamine receptor agents in the dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatum on performance of action sequences in rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3714-5118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karly M.","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Svegborn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trevor W.","family":"Robbins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"7115_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.131","volume":"35","author":"BW Balleine","year":"2010","unstructured":"Balleine BW, O\u2019Doherty JP (2010) Human and rodent homologies in action control: corticostriatal determinants of goal-directed and habitual action. Neuropsychopharmacology 35:48\u201369","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"7115_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.10.034","volume":"199","author":"BW Balleine","year":"2009","unstructured":"Balleine BW, Liljeholm M, Ostlund SB (2009) The integrative function of the basal ganglia in instrumental conditioning. Behav Brain Res 199:43\u201352","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"7115_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(04)00265-X","volume":"42","author":"NS Bamford","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bamford NS, Zhang H, Schmitz Y, Wu NP, Cepeda C, Levine MS, Schmauss C, Zakharenko SS, Zablow L, Sulzer D (2004) Heterosynaptic dopamine neurotransmission selects sets of corticostriatal terminals. Neuron 42:653\u2013663","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"7115_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2018.10.009","volume":"1713","author":"S Bariselli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bariselli S, Fobbs WC, Creed MC, Kravitz AV (2019) A competitive model for striatal action selection. Brain Res 1713:70\u201379","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"7115_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04053","volume":"437","author":"TD Barnes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barnes TD, Kubota Y, Hu D, Jin DZ, Graybiel AM (2005) Activity of striatal neurons reflects dynamic encoding and recoding of procedural memories. Nature 437:1158\u20131161","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7115_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3993","volume":"18","author":"DS Bassett","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bassett DS, Yang M, Wymbs NF, Grafton ST (2015) Learning-induced autonomy of sensorimotor systems. Nat Neurosci 18:744\u2013751","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2008.09.027","volume":"199","author":"D Belin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Belin D, Jonkman S, Dickinson A, Robbins TW, Everitt BJ (2009) Parallel and interactive learning processes within the basal ganglia: relevance for the understanding of addiction. Behav Brain Res 199:89\u2013102","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"7115_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.04.081","volume":"23","author":"HC Bergstrom","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bergstrom HC, Lipkin AM, Lieberman AG, Pinard CR, Gunduz-Cinar O, Brockway ET, Taylor WW, Nonaka M, Bukalo O, Wills TA, Rubio FJ, Li X, Pickens CL, Winder DG, Holmes A (2018) Dorsolateral Striatum Engagement Interferes with Early Discrimination Learning. Cell Rep 23:2264\u20132272","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"7115_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5671","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1039-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"J Bertran-Gonzalez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bertran-Gonzalez J, Bosch C, Maroteaux M, Matamales M, Herve D, Valjent E, Girault JA (2008) Opposing patterns of signaling activation in dopamine D-1 and D-2 receptor-expressing striatal neurons in response to cocaine and haloperidol. J Neurosci 28:5671\u20135685","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.42.4.1059","volume":"42","author":"RN Cardinal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cardinal RN, Aitken MR (2010) Whisker: a client-server high-performance multimedia research control system. Behav Res Methods 42:1059\u20131071","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"7115_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0827-6","volume":"179","author":"H Cohen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cohen H, Pourcher E (2007) Intact encoding, impaired consolidation in procedural learning in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Exp Brain Res 179:703\u2013708","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"7115_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13977","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4097-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"LH Corbit","year":"2007","unstructured":"Corbit LH, Janak PH (2007) Inactivation of the lateral but not medial dorsal striatum eliminates the excitatory impact of Pavlovian stimuli on instrumental responding. J Neurosci 27:13977\u201313981","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2012.02.024","volume":"72","author":"LH Corbit","year":"2012","unstructured":"Corbit LH, Nie H, Janak PH (2012) Habitual alcohol seeking: time course and the contribution of subregions of the dorsal striatum. Biol Psychiatry 72:389\u2013395","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"7115_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2014.00301","volume":"8","author":"LH Corbit","year":"2014","unstructured":"Corbit LH, Nie H, Janak PH (2014) Habitual responding for alcohol depends upon both AMPA and D2 receptor signaling in the dorsolateral striatum. Front Behav Neurosci 8:301","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11846","volume":"494","author":"G Cui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cui G, Jun SB, Jin X, Pham MD, Vogel SS, Lovinger DM, Costa RM (2013) Concurrent activation of striatal direct and indirect pathways during action initiation. Nature 494:238\u2013242","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7115_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8051","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3080-20.2021","volume":"41","author":"PJ Cunningham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cunningham PJ, Regier PS, Redish AD (2021) Dorsolateral Striatal Task-initiation Bursts Represent Past Experiences More than Future Action Plans. J Neurosci 41:8051\u20138064","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003364","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003364","volume":"9","author":"A Dezfouli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dezfouli A, Balleine BW (2013) Actions, action sequences and habits: evidence that goal-directed and habitual action control are hierarchically organized. PLoS Comput Biol 9:e1003364","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"7115_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dezfouli A, Lingawi NW, Balleine BW (2014) Habits as action sequences: hierarchical action control and changes in outcome value. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 369","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2013.0482"},{"key":"7115_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1256","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-021-00889-3","volume":"24","author":"AK Dhawale","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dhawale AK, Wolff SBE, Ko R, Olveczky BP (2021) The basal ganglia control the detailed kinematics of learned motor skills. Nat Neurosci 24:1256\u20131269","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.09.007","volume":"80","author":"RJ Dolan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dolan RJ, Dayan P (2013) Goals and habits in the brain. Neuron 80:312\u2013325","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"7115_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2022.02.002","volume":"26","author":"Y Du","year":"2022","unstructured":"Du Y, Krakauer JW, Haith AM (2022) The relationship between habits and motor skills in humans. Trends Cogn Sci 26:371\u2013387","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"7115_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(89)90837-6","volume":"161","author":"D Eilam","year":"1989","unstructured":"Eilam D, Szechtman H (1989) Biphasic effect of D-2 agonist quinpirole on locomotion and movements. Eur J Pharmacol 161:151\u2013157","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"7115_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-122414-033457","volume":"67","author":"BJ Everitt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Everitt BJ, Robbins TW (2016) Drug Addiction: Updating Actions to Habits to Compulsions Ten Years On. Annu Rev Psychol 67:23\u201350","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"7115_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-023-01518-x","volume":"27","author":"LZ Fang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fang LZ, Creed MC (2024) Updating the striatal-pallidal wiring diagram. Nat Neurosci 27:15\u201327","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1004592","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1004592","volume":"11","author":"J Fonollosa","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fonollosa J, Neftci E, Rabinovich M (2015) Learning of Chunking Sequences in Cognition and Behavior. PLoS Comput Biol 11:e1004592","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"7115_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.01.025","volume":"282","author":"CP Ford","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ford CP (2014) The role of D2-autoreceptors in regulating dopamine neuron activity and transmission. Neuroscience 282:13\u201322","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"7115_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16210","volume":"59","author":"KM Fraser","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fraser KM, Chen BJ, Janak PH (2024) Nucleus accumbens and dorsal medial striatal dopamine and neural activity are essential for action sequence performance. Eur J Neurosci 59:220\u2013237","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2019.01.022","volume":"125","author":"EF Gallo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gallo EF (2019) Disentangling the diverse roles of dopamine D2 receptors in striatal function and behavior. Neurochem Int 125:35\u201346","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"7115_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.048645.118","volume":"26","author":"E Garr","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garr E, Delamater AR (2019) Exploring the relationship between actions, habits, and automaticity in an action sequence task. Learn Mem 26:128\u2013132","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"7115_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2020.107169","volume":"169","author":"E Garr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Garr E, Delamater AR (2020) Chemogenetic inhibition in the dorsal striatum reveals regional specificity of direct and indirect pathway control of action sequencing. Neurobiol Learn Mem 169:107169","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"7115_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.06.012","volume":"174","author":"CE Geddes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Geddes CE, Li H, Jin X (2018) Optogenetic Editing Reveals the Hierarchical Organization of Learned Action Sequences. Cell 174:32\u201343e15","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"7115_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002960","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsyn.2022.1002960","volume":"14","author":"CR Gerfen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gerfen CR (2022) Segregation of D1 and D2 dopamine receptors in the striatal direct and indirect pathways: An historical perspective. Front Synaptic Neurosci 14:1002960","journal-title":"Front Synaptic Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.02.002","volume":"75","author":"CM Gillan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gillan CM, Morein-Zamir S, Urcelay GP, Sule A, Voon V, Apergis-Schoute AM, Fineberg NA, Sahakian BJ, Robbins TW (2014) Enhanced avoidance habits in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol Psychiatry 75:631\u2013638","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"7115_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1006\/nlme.1998.3843","volume":"70","author":"AM Graybiel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Graybiel AM (1998) The basal ganglia and chunking of action repertoires. Neurobiol Learn Mem 70:119\u2013136","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"key":"7115_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.29.051605.112851","volume":"31","author":"AM Graybiel","year":"2008","unstructured":"Graybiel AM (2008) Habits, rituals, and the evaluative brain. Annu Rev Neurosci 31:359\u2013387","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"a021691","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a021691","volume":"7","author":"AM Graybiel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Graybiel AM, Grafton ST (2015) The striatum: where skills and habits meet. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 7:a021691","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"7115_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)00113-6","volume":"28","author":"AM Graybiel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Graybiel AM, Rauch SL (2000) Toward a neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuron 28:343\u2013347","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"7115_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.102.1.141","volume":"102","author":"WC Heindel","year":"1988","unstructured":"Heindel WC, Butters N, Salmon DP (1988) Impaired learning of a motor skill in patients with Huntington\u2019s disease. Behav Neurosci 102:141\u2013147","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.09-02-00582.1989","volume":"9","author":"WC Heindel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Heindel WC, Salmon DP, Shults CW, Walicke PA, Butters N (1989) Neuropsychological evidence for multiple implicit memory systems: a comparison of Alzheimer\u2019s, Huntington\u2019s, and Parkinson\u2019s disease patients. J Neurosci 9:582\u2013587","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8987","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.20-24-08987.2000","volume":"20","author":"S Hernandez-Lopez","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hernandez-Lopez S, Tkatch T, Perez-Garci E, Galarraga E, Bargas J, Hamm H, Surmeier DJ (2000) D2 dopamine receptors in striatal medium spiny neurons reduce L-type Ca2\u2009+\u2009currents and excitability via a novel PLC[beta]1-IP3-calcineurin-signaling cascade. J Neurosci 20:8987\u20138995","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-018-0272-9","volume":"44","author":"NK Horst","year":"2019","unstructured":"Horst NK, Jupp B, Roberts AC, Robbins TW (2019) D2 receptors and cognitive flexibility in marmosets: tri-phasic dose-response effects of intra-striatal quinpirole on serial reversal performance. Neuropsychopharmacology 44:564\u2013571","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"7115_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhy276","volume":"29","author":"SAW Jackson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jackson SAW, Horst NK, Axelsson SFA, Horiguchi N, Cockcroft GJ, Robbins TW, Roberts AC (2019) Selective Role of the Putamen in Serial Reversal Learning in the Marmoset. Cereb Cortex 29:447\u2013460","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"7115_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09263","volume":"466","author":"X Jin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jin X, Costa RM (2010) Start\/stop signals emerge in nigrostriatal circuits during sequence learning. Nature 466:457\u2013462","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7115_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3632","volume":"17","author":"X Jin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jin X, Tecuapetla F, Costa RM (2014) Basal ganglia subcircuits distinctively encode the parsing and concatenation of action sequences. Nat Neurosci 17:423\u2013430","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1126\/science.286.5445.1745","volume":"286","author":"MS Jog","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jog MS, Kubota Y, Connolly CI, Hillegaart V, Graybiel AM (1999) Building neural representations of habits. Science 286:1745\u20131749","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7115_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2014.07.021","volume":"282","author":"JF Keeler","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keeler JF, Pretsell DO, Robbins TW (2014) Functional implications of dopamine D1 vs. D2 receptors: A \u2018prepare and select\u2019 model of the striatal direct vs. indirect pathways. Neuroscience 282:156\u2013175","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"7115_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/13.4.400","volume":"13","author":"S Killcross","year":"2003","unstructured":"Killcross S, Coutureau E (2003) Coordination of actions and habits in the medial prefrontal cortex of rats. Cereb Cortex 13:400\u2013408","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"7115_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.08.015","volume":"95","author":"A Klaus","year":"2017","unstructured":"Klaus A, Martins GJ, Paixao VB, Zhou P, Paninski L, Costa RM (2017) The Spatiotemporal Organization of the Striatum Encodes Action Space. Neuron 95:1171\u20131180 e7","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"7115_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s10571-018-0632-3","volume":"39","author":"MO Klein","year":"2019","unstructured":"Klein MO, Battagello DS, Cardoso AR, Hauser DN, Bittencourt JC, Correa RG (2019) Dopamine: Functions, Signaling, and Association with Neurological Diseases. Cell Mol Neurobiol 39:31\u201359","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"7115_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/nature09159","volume":"466","author":"AV Kravitz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kravitz AV, Freeze BS, Parker PR, Kay K, Thwin MT, Deisseroth K, Kreitzer AC (2010) Regulation of parkinsonian motor behaviours by optogenetic control of basal ganglia circuitry. Nature 466:622\u2013626","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7115_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00522.2009","volume":"102","author":"Y Kubota","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kubota Y, Liu J, Hu D, DeCoteau WE, Eden UT, Smith AC, Graybiel AM (2009) Stable encoding of task structure coexists with flexible coding of task events in sensorimotor striatum. J Neurophysiol 102:2142\u20132160","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"7115_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2017.09.040","volume":"96","author":"DA Kupferschmidt","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kupferschmidt DA, Juczewski K, Cui G, Johnson KA, Lovinger DM (2017) Parallel, but Dissociable, Processing in Discrete Corticostriatal Inputs Encodes Skill Learning. Neuron 96:476\u2013489e5","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"7115_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90674-X","volume":"117","author":"K Kurata","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kurata K, Shibata R (1990) Biphasic effect of locally applied apomorphine and 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine on the release of striatal dopamine investigated by means of brain dialysis. Neurosci Lett 117:264\u2013268","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"7115_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2018.04.019","volume":"174","author":"JE Markowitz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Markowitz JE, Gillis WF, Beron CC, Neufeld SQ, Robertson K, Bhagat ND, Peterson RE, Peterson E, Hyun M, Linderman SW, Sabatini BL, Datta SR (2018) The Striatum Organizes 3D Behavior via Moment-to-Moment Action Selection. Cell 174:44\u201358 e17","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"7115_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaz5751","volume":"367","author":"M Matamales","year":"2020","unstructured":"Matamales M, McGovern AE, Mi JD, Mazzone SB, Balleine BW, Bertran-Gonzalez J (2020) Local D2- to D1-neuron transmodulation updates goal-directed learning in the striatum. Science 367:549\u2013555","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7115_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1998.78.1.189","volume":"78","author":"C Missale","year":"1998","unstructured":"Missale C, Nash SR, Robinson SW, Jaber M, Caron MG (1998) Dopamine receptors: from structure to function. Physiol Rev 78:189\u2013225","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"7115_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1101\/lm.2123811","volume":"18","author":"R Moussa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moussa R, Poucet B, Amalric M, Sargolini F (2011) Contributions of dorsal striatal subregions to spatial alternation behavior. Learn Mem 18:444\u2013451","journal-title":"Learn Mem"},{"key":"7115_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8280","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1176-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"SB Ostlund","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ostlund SB, Winterbauer NE, Balleine BW (2009) Evidence of action sequence chunking in goal-directed instrumental conditioning and its dependence on the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex. J Neurosci 29:8280\u20138287","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1154-7","volume":"163","author":"TW Robbins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Robbins TW (2002) The 5-choice serial reaction time task: behavioural pharmacology and functional neurochemistry. Psychopharmacology 163:362\u2013380","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"7115_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2017.09.060","volume":"27","author":"TW Robbins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Robbins TW, Costa RM (2017) Habits Curr Biol 27:R1200\u2013R1206","journal-title":"Habits Curr Biol"},{"key":"7115_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3924","volume":"18","author":"PE Rueda-Orozco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rueda-Orozco PE, Robbe D (2015) The striatum multiplexes contextual and kinematic information to constrain motor habits execution. Nat Neurosci 18:453\u2013460","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.01.005","volume":"65","author":"MF Ruitenberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ruitenberg MF, Duthoo W, Santens P, Notebaert W, Abrahamse EL (2015) Sequential movement skill in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a state-of-the-art. Cortex 65:102\u2013112","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"7115_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-020-0612-4","volume":"45","author":"J Sala-Bayo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sala-Bayo J, Fiddian L, Nilsson SRO, Hervig ME, McKenzie C, Mareschi A, Boulos M, Zhukovsky P, Nicholson J, Dalley JW, Alsio J, Robbins TW (2020) Dorsal and ventral striatal dopamine D1 and D2 receptors differentially modulate distinct phases of serial visual reversal learning. Neuropsychopharmacology 45:736\u2013744","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"7115_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.05.038","volume":"79","author":"KS Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith KS, Graybiel AM (2013) A dual operator view of habitual behavior reflecting cortical and striatal dynamics. Neuron 79:361\u2013374","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"7115_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3447","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.16426","volume":"60","author":"MR Song","year":"2024","unstructured":"Song MR, Lee SW (2024) Rethinking dopamine-guided action sequence learning. Eur J Neurosci 60:3447\u20133465","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5504","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5493-07.2008","volume":"28","author":"S Taverna","year":"2008","unstructured":"Taverna S, Ilijic E, Surmeier DJ (2008) Recurrent collateral connections of striatal medium spiny neurons are disrupted in models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurosci 28:5504\u20135512","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.06.032","volume":"166","author":"F Tecuapetla","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tecuapetla F, Jin X, Lima SQ, Costa RM (2016) Complementary Contributions of Striatal Projection Pathways to Action Initiation and Execution. Cell 166:703\u2013715","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"7115_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2010.04.036","volume":"66","author":"CA Thorn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thorn CA, Atallah H, Howe M, Graybiel AM (2010) Differential dynamics of activity changes in dorsolateral and dorsomedial striatal loops during learning. Neuron 66:781\u2013795","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"7115_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-022-06502-8","volume":"241","author":"C Toschi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Toschi C, Robbins TW, Dalley JW (2023) Effects of quinpirole in the ventral tegmental area on impulsive behaviour during performance on the five-choice serial reaction time task. Exp Brain Res 241:539\u2013546","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"7115_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.09.023","volume":"76","author":"NX Tritsch","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tritsch NX, Sabatini BL (2012) Dopaminergic modulation of synaptic transmission in cortex and striatum. Neuron 76:33\u201350","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"7115_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2039","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1907-21.2022","volume":"42","author":"KM Turner","year":"2022","unstructured":"Turner KM, Svegborn A, Langguth M, McKenzie C, Robbins TW (2022) Opposing Roles of the Dorsolateral and Dorsomedial Striatum in the Acquisition of Skilled Action Sequencing in Rats. J Neurosci 42:2039\u20132051","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(92)90091-H","volume":"214","author":"C Van Hartesveldt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Van Hartesveldt C, Cottrell GA, Potter T, Meyer ME (1992) Effects of intracerebral quinpirole on locomotion in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 214:27\u201332","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"key":"7115_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vandaele Y, Mahajan NR, Ottenheimer DJ, Richard JM, Mysore SP, Janak PH (2019) Distinct recruitment of dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum erodes with extended training. Elife 8","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.49536"},{"key":"7115_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2195","DOI":"10.1038\/s41386-019-0454-0","volume":"44","author":"JPH Verharen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Verharen JPH, Adan RAH, Vanderschuren L (2019) Differential contributions of striatal dopamine D1 and D2 receptors to component processes of value-based decision making. Neuropsychopharmacology 44:2195\u20132204","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"7115_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2016.02.036","volume":"26","author":"AM Vicente","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vicente AM, Galvao-Ferreira P, Tecuapetla F, Costa RM (2016) Direct and indirect dorsolateral striatum pathways reinforce different action strategies. Curr Biol 26:R267\u2013R269","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"7115_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2022.104869","volume":"142","author":"P Watson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Watson P, O\u2019Callaghan C, Perkes I, Bradfield L, Turner K (2022) Making habits measurable beyond what they are not: A focus on associative dual-process models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 142:104869","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"7115_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.03.038","volume":"74","author":"NF Wymbs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wymbs NF, Bassett DS, Mucha PJ, Porter MA, Grafton ST (2012) Differential recruitment of the sensorimotor putamen and frontoparietal cortex during motor chunking in humans. Neuron 74:936\u2013946","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"7115_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117889","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1117889","volume":"17","author":"G Yadav","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yadav G, Duque J (2023) Reflecting on what is skill in human motor skill learning. Front Hum Neurosci 17:1117889","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14719","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3989-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"HH Yin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yin HH (2010) The sensorimotor striatum is necessary for serial order learning. J Neurosci 30:14719\u201314723","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1919","volume":"7","author":"HH Yin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yin HH, Knowlton BJ (2006) The role of the basal ganglia in habit formation. Nat Rev Neurosci 7:464\u2013476","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03095.x","volume":"19","author":"HH Yin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Yin HH, Knowlton BJ, Balleine BW (2004) Lesions of dorsolateral striatum preserve outcome expectancy but disrupt habit formation in instrumental learning. Eur J Neurosci 19:181\u2013189","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04218.x","volume":"22","author":"HH Yin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yin HH, Ostlund SB, Knowlton BJ, Balleine BW (2005) The role of the dorsomedial striatum in instrumental conditioning. Eur J Neurosci 22:513\u2013523","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"7115_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2005.07.012","volume":"166","author":"HH Yin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yin HH, Knowlton BJ, Balleine BW (2006) Inactivation of dorsolateral striatum enhances sensitivity to changes in the action-outcome contingency in instrumental conditioning. Behav Brain Res 166:189\u2013196","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-026-07115-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-026-07115-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-026-07115-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T07:03:45Z","timestamp":1782284625000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-026-07115-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"references-count":83,"alternative-id":["7115"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-026-07115-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"KMT and AS declares no competing interests. TWR has recently consulted for Brandaris and Supernus.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}