{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T06:06:05Z","timestamp":1789020365736,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32HL155022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32HL155022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Rationale<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and substance use disorder (SUD) share several characteristics, including neurological outcomes and pathological traits. Misuse of stimulants, both non-prescription use of medications and illicit use of methamphetamine, is rising. Despite potential for misuse, stimulants are prescribed as treatment for some TBI-induced symptoms. Given that 40% of TBI patients have a history of SUD prior to injury, studies of the role that chronic substance misuse plays on the deleterious outcomes of TBI are warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our study explores the role that chronic methamphetamine exposure plays in the acute and long-term behavioral outcomes of repetitive mild TBI (rmTBI). We hypothesized that chronic methamphetamine exposure would exacerbate the behavioral deficits induced by rmTBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We developed a model combining non-contingent dosing of methamphetamine with the Closed Head Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration (CHIMERA). Behavioral assays were employed one month after the final TBI to assess short-term effects and were repeated six months following the final TBI for long-term effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The Loss of Righting Reflex showed that chronic methamphetamine exposure impacted neither TBI severity nor immediate recovery. The T-maze and NORT revealed that rmTBI concurrent to chronic methamphetamine exposure induced short- and long-term cognitive deficits. Methamphetamine negatively impacted balance and coordination on the accelerated rotarod at the later timepoint only.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Together, these findings suggest that chronic methamphetamine exposure could potentially increase long-term, but not acute, TBI-induced deficits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-026-07162-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T03:49:39Z","timestamp":1789012179000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Concurrent chronic methamphetamine exposure may influence behavioral outcomes following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4936-3043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Hall","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter H.","family":"Seidenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2452-4867","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicholas E.","family":"Goeders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7162_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8627(05)70130-9","volume":"18","author":"A Jagoda","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jagoda A, Riggio S (2000) Mild traumatic brain injury and the postconcussive syndrome. Emerg Med Clin North Am 18(2):355\u2013363","journal-title":"Emerg Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"7162_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jss.2024.03.006","volume":"298","author":"K Harris","year":"2024","unstructured":"Harris K, Brusnahan A, Shugar S, Miner J (2024) Defining Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: From Research Definition to Clinical Practice. J Surg Res 298:101\u2013107","journal-title":"J Surg Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7162_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-02-00446.2002","volume":"22","author":"K Uryu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Uryu K, Laurer H, McIntosh T, Pratic\u00f2 D, Martinez D, Leight S et al (2002) Repetitive mild brain trauma accelerates Abeta deposition, lipid peroxidation, and cognitive impairment in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer amyloidosis. J Neurosci 22(2):446\u2013454","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"7162_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2005.22.1134","volume":"22","author":"Y Yoshiyama","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yoshiyama Y, Uryu K, Higuchi M, Longhi L, Hoover R, Fujimoto S et al (2005) Enhanced neurofibrillary tangle formation, cerebral atrophy, and cognitive deficits induced by repetitive mild brain injury in a transgenic tauopathy mouse model. J Neurotrauma 22(10):1134\u20131141","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"key":"7162_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1441.029","volume":"1141","author":"DP Graham","year":"2008","unstructured":"Graham DP, Cardon AL (2008) An update on substance use and treatment following traumatic brain injury. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1141:148\u2013162","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"7162_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9993(95)80654-7","volume":"76","author":"JD Corrigan","year":"1995","unstructured":"Corrigan JD (1995) Substance abuse as a mediating factor in outcome from traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 76(4):302\u2013309","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"7162_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2020.10.112","volume":"102","author":"JD VanderVeen","year":"2021","unstructured":"VanderVeen JD (2021) TBI as a Risk Factor for Substance Use Behaviors: A Meta-analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 102(6):1198\u20131209","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"7162_CR8","first-page":"989","volume":"42","author":"DA Drubach","year":"1993","unstructured":"Drubach DA, Kelly MP, Winslow MM, Flynn JP (1993) Substance abuse as a factor in the causality, severity, and recurrence rate of traumatic brain injury. Md Med J 42(10):989\u2013993","journal-title":"Md Med J"},{"issue":"4","key":"7162_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.18040093","volume":"30","author":"J Ponsford","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ponsford J, Alway Y, Gould KR (2018) Epidemiology and Natural History of Psychiatric Disorders After TBI. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 30(4):262\u2013270","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"7162_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199808000-00003","volume":"13","author":"MR Hibbard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hibbard MR, Uysal S, Kepler K, Bogdany J, Silver J (1998) Axis I psychopathology in individuals with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 13(4):24\u201339","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"7162_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-2011-0671","volume":"29","author":"SL West","year":"2011","unstructured":"West SL (2011) Substance use among persons with traumatic brain injury: a review. NeuroRehabilitation 29(1):1\u20138","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"issue":"5","key":"7162_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1037\/0894-4105.21.5.590","volume":"21","author":"RT Lange","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lange RT, Iverson GL, Franzen MD (2007) Short-term neuropsychological outcome following uncomplicated mild TBI: effects of day-of-injury intoxication and pre-injury alcohol abuse. Neuropsychology 21(5):590\u2013598","journal-title":"Neuropsychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"7162_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25971","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-11266-6","volume":"15","author":"H Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen H, Liu S, Wang W, Shi H, Gao S, Yan Y et al (2025) Global burden of substance use disorders in adolescents and young adults aged 10\u201324 years from 1990 to 2021. Sci Rep 15(1):25971","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"7162_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E37","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000260","volume":"32","author":"C Cancelliere","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cancelliere C, Coronado VG, Taylor CA, Xu L (2017) Epidemiology of Isolated Versus Nonisolated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Treated in Emergency Departments in the United States, 2006\u20132012: Sociodemographic Characteristics. J Head Trauma Rehabil 32(4):E37\u2013e46","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"7162_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1002\/wps.21073","volume":"22","author":"ND Volkow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Volkow ND, Blanco C (2023) Substance use disorders: a comprehensive update of classification, epidemiology, neurobiology, clinical aspects, treatment and prevention. World Psychiatry 22(2):203\u2013229","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"7162_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14136","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.14136","volume":"27","author":"CJ Kennedy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kennedy CJ, Woodin E, Schmidt J, Biagioni JB, Garcia-Barrera MA (2024) Ten Priorities for Research Addressing the Intersections of Brain Injury, Mental Health and Addictions: A Stakeholder-Driven Priority-Setting Study. Health Expect 27(4):e14136","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"issue":"4","key":"7162_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e3182585cd5","volume":"27","author":"AN Cernich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cernich AN, Chandler L, Scherdell T, Kurtz S (2012) Assessment of co-occurring disorders in veterans diagnosed with traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil 27(4):253\u2013260","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"issue":"3","key":"7162_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e31828f9876","volume":"29","author":"E Moore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Moore E, Indig D, Haysom L (2014) Traumatic brain injury, mental health, substance use, and offending among incarcerated young people. J Head Trauma Rehabil 29(3):239\u2013247","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"issue":"10","key":"7162_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2014.302087","volume":"104","author":"JL Mackelprang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mackelprang JL, Harpin SB, Grubenhoff JA, Rivara FP (2014) Adverse outcomes among homeless adolescents and young adults who report a history of traumatic brain injury. Am J Public Health 104(10):1986\u20131992","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"7162_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.11.049","volume":"271","author":"EW Twamley","year":"2019","unstructured":"Twamley EW, Hays CC, Van Patten R, Seewald PM, Orff HJ, Depp CA et al (2019) Neurocognition, psychiatric symptoms, and lifetime homelessness among veterans with a history of traumatic brain injury. Psychiatry Res 271:167\u2013170","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"7162_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.5172\/conu.2014.46.2.170","volume":"46","author":"J Wong","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wong J, Mellor D (2014) Intimate partner violence and women\u2019s health and wellbeing: impacts, risk factors and responses. Contemp Nurse 46(2):170\u2013179","journal-title":"Contemp Nurse"},{"issue":"3","key":"7162_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E113","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0000000000000883","volume":"39","author":"A Saadi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Saadi A, Choi KR, Khan T, Tang JT, Iverson GL (2024) Examining the Association Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Lifetime History of Head or Neck Injury and Concussion in Children From the United States. J Head Trauma Rehabil 39(3):E113\u2013e21","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"issue":"1","key":"7162_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852918001426","volume":"24","author":"T Ramey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ramey T, Regier PS (2019) Cognitive impairment in substance use disorders. CNS Spectr 24(1):102\u2013113","journal-title":"CNS Spectr"},{"issue":"3","key":"7162_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3233\/NRE-182618","volume":"44","author":"N Gorgoraptis","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gorgoraptis N, Zaw-Linn J, Feeney C, Tenorio-Jimenez C, Niemi M, Malik A et al (2019) Cognitive impairment and health-related quality of life following traumatic brain injury. NeuroRehabilitation 44(3):321\u2013331","journal-title":"NeuroRehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"7162_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1080\/13854040701290062","volume":"22","author":"RT Lange","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lange RT, Iverson GL, Franzen MD (2008) Comparability of neuropsychological test profiles in patients with chronic substance abuse and mild traumatic brain injury. Clin Neuropsychol 22(2):209\u2013227","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7162_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/02699050410001720068","volume":"19","author":"GL Iverson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Iverson GL, Lange RT, Franzen MD (2005) Effects of mild traumatic brain injury cannot be differentiated from substance abuse. Brain Inj 19(1):11\u201318","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"7162_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.03.015","volume":"77","author":"SF Merkel","year":"2017","unstructured":"Merkel SF, Cannella LA, Razmpour R, Lutton E, Raghupathi R, Rawls SM et al (2017) Factors affecting increased risk for substance use disorders following traumatic brain injury: What we can learn from animal models. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 77:209\u2013218","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"7162_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1093\/jat\/30.5.319","volume":"30","author":"KL Klette","year":"2006","unstructured":"Klette KL, Kettle AR, Jamerson MH (2006) Prevalence of use study for amphetamine (AMP), methamphetamine (MAMP), 3,4-methylenedioxy-amphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA), and 3,4-methylenedioxy-ethylamphetamine (MDEA) in military entrance processing stations (MEPS) specimens. J Anal Toxicol 30(5):319\u2013322","journal-title":"J Anal Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7162_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s13011-021-00350-5","volume":"16","author":"B Fischer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fischer B, O\u2019Keefe-Markman C, Lee AM, Daldegan-Bueno D (2021) Resurgent\u2019, \u2018twin\u2019 or \u2018silent\u2019 epidemic? A select data overview and observations on increasing psycho-stimulant use and harms in North America. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 16(1):17","journal-title":"Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy"},{"key":"7162_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agaku I, Odani S, Nelson J (2021) Medical use and misuse of psychoactive prescription medications among US youth and young adults. Fam Med Community Health 9(1)","DOI":"10.1136\/fmch-2020-000374"},{"issue":"6","key":"7162_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"974","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2007.110593","volume":"98","author":"N Rasmussen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rasmussen N (2008) America\u2019s first amphetamine epidemic 1929\u20131971: a quantitative and qualitative retrospective with implications for the present. Am J Public Health 98(6):974\u2013985","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"7162_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2021.2588","volume":"78","author":"B Han","year":"2021","unstructured":"Han B, Compton WM, Jones CM, Einstein EB, Volkow ND (2021) Methamphetamine Use, Methamphetamine Use Disorder, and Associated Overdose Deaths Among US Adults. JAMA Psychiatry 78(12):1329\u20131342","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"7162_CR33","unstructured":"Hanson MNCDAS (2025) Substance Abuse and Addiction Statistics: NCDAS; [Available from: https:\/\/drugabusestatistics.org\/"},{"issue":"2","key":"7162_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/026990596124647","volume":"10","author":"A Hornstein","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hornstein A, Lennihan L, Seliger G, Lichtman S, Schroeder K (1996) Amphetamine in recovery from brain injury. Brain Inj 10(2):145\u2013148","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"issue":"6","key":"7162_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199711000-00002","volume":"76","author":"J Whyte","year":"1997","unstructured":"Whyte J, Hart T, Schuster K, Fleming M, Polansky M, Coslett HB (1997) Effects of methylphenidate on attentional function after traumatic brain injury. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 76(6):440\u2013450","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"issue":"2","key":"7162_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1080\/02699052.2019.1683898","volume":"34","author":"B Johansson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Johansson B, Andr\u00e9ll P, R\u00f6nnb\u00e4ck L, Mannheimer C (2020) Follow-up after 5.5 years of treatment with methylphenidate for mental fatigue and cognitive function after a mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 34(2):229\u2013235","journal-title":"Brain Inj"},{"key":"7162_CR37","unstructured":"Cheng Y, Ling Y, Scholten J, Atkins D, Goulet JL, Sheriff HM et al (2025) Patterns and trends in prevalent central nervous system stimulant use in US veterans with traumatic brain injury. Am J Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"7162_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12502","volume":"23","author":"JP Kesby","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kesby JP, Chang A, Markou A, Semenova S (2018) Modeling human methamphetamine use patterns in mice: chronic and binge methamphetamine exposure, reward function and neurochemistry. Addict Biol 23(1):206\u2013218","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"7162_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-9-55","volume":"9","author":"DR Namjoshi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Namjoshi DR, Cheng WH, McInnes KA, Martens KM, Carr M, Wilkinson A et al (2014) Merging pathology with biomechanics using CHIMERA (Closed-Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration): a novel, surgery-free model of traumatic brain injury. Mol Neurodegener 9:55","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"issue":"9","key":"7162_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2349","volume":"30","author":"DS Dewitt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dewitt DS, Perez-Polo R, Hulsebosch CE, Dash PK, Robertson CS (2013) Challenges in the development of rodent models of mild traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 30(9):688\u2013701","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"7162_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1994.11.187","volume":"11","author":"RJ Hamm","year":"1994","unstructured":"Hamm RJ, Pike BR, O\u2019Dell DM, Lyeth BG, Jenkins LW (1994) The rotarod test: an evaluation of its effectiveness in assessing motor deficits following traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 11(2):187\u2013196","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"6","key":"7162_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1089\/089771503767168465","volume":"20","author":"CA O\u2019Connor","year":"2003","unstructured":"O\u2019Connor CA, Cernak I, Vink R (2003) Interaction between anesthesia, gender, and functional outcome task following diffuse traumatic brain injury in rats. J Neurotrauma 20(6):533\u2013541","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"7162_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9384(75)90150-X","volume":"14","author":"D Giulian","year":"1975","unstructured":"Giulian D, Silverman G (1975) Solid-state animal detection system: its application to open field activity and freezing behavior. Physiol Behav 14(1):109\u2013112","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"7162_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(88)90157-X","volume":"31","author":"A Ennaceur","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ennaceur A, Delacour J (1988) A new one-trial test for neurobiological studies of memory in rats. 1: Behavioral data. Behav Brain Res 31(1):47\u201359","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"7162_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Loane DJ, Murray MG 2nd, Stoica BA, Faden AI (2012) Comparing the predictive value of multiple cognitive, affective, and motor tasks after rodent traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 29(15):2475\u20132489","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2012.2511"},{"issue":"1","key":"7162_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2006.2","volume":"1","author":"RM Deacon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Deacon RM, Rawlins JN (2006) T-maze alternation in the rodent. Nat Protoc 1(1):7\u201312","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"7162_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hetzer SM, Casagrande A, Qu\u2019d D, Dobrozsi N, Bohnert J, Biguma V et al (2023) Early Measures of TBI Severity Poorly Predict Later Individual Impairment in a Rat Fluid Percussion Model. Brain Sci 13(9)","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13091230"},{"key":"7162_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2020.113409","volume":"333","author":"EH McNamara","year":"2020","unstructured":"McNamara EH, Grillakis AA, Tucker LB, McCabe JT (2020) The closed-head impact model of engineered rotational acceleration (CHIMERA) as an application for traumatic brain injury pre-clinical research: A status report. Exp Neurol 333:113409","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"7162_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2017.03.003","volume":"292","author":"DR Namjoshi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Namjoshi DR, Cheng WH, Bashir A, Wilkinson A, Stukas S, Martens KM et al (2017) Defining the biomechanical and biological threshold of murine mild traumatic brain injury using CHIMERA (Closed Head Impact Model of Engineered Rotational Acceleration). Exp Neurol 292:80\u201391","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"7162_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Berman R, Spencer H, Boese M, Kim S, Radford K, Choi K (2023) Loss of Consciousness and Righting Reflex Following Traumatic Brain Injury: Predictors of Post-Injury Symptom Development (A Narrative Review). Brain Sci 13(5)","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13050750"},{"issue":"2","key":"7162_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2012.179","volume":"38","author":"AC Dean","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dean AC, Groman SM, Morales AM, London ED (2013) An evaluation of the evidence that methamphetamine abuse causes cognitive decline in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 38(2):259\u2013274","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"2","key":"7162_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/JNN.0000000000000570","volume":"53","author":"YC Tsai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tsai YC, Liu CJ, Huang HC, Lin JH, Chen PY, Su YK et al (2021) A Meta-analysis of Dynamic Prevalence of Cognitive Deficits in the Acute, Subacute, and Chronic Phases After Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurosci Nurs 53(2):63\u201368","journal-title":"J Neurosci Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"7162_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"782","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2010.212","volume":"36","author":"CM Reichel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Reichel CM, Schwendt M, McGinty JF, Olive MF, See RE (2011) Loss of object recognition memory produced by extended access to methamphetamine self-administration is reversed by positive allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5. Neuropsychopharmacology 36(4):782\u2013792","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"7162_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(03)00048-4","volume":"118","author":"O Zohar","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zohar O, Schreiber S, Getslev V, Schwartz JP, Mullins PG, Pick CG (2003) Closed-head minimal traumatic brain injury produces long-term cognitive deficits in mice. Neuroscience 118(4):949\u2013955","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"7162_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2005.22.1003","volume":"22","author":"A Milman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Milman A, Rosenberg A, Weizman R, Pick CG (2005) Mild traumatic brain injury induces persistent cognitive deficits and behavioral disturbances in mice. J Neurotrauma 22(9):1003\u20131010","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"7162_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.510","volume":"5","author":"BC Mouzon","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mouzon BC, Bachmeier C, Ojo JO, Acker CM, Ferguson S, Paris D et al (2018) Lifelong behavioral and neuropathological consequences of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 5(1):64\u201380","journal-title":"Ann Clin Transl Neurol"}],"container-title":["Psychopharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-026-07162-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00213-026-07162-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00213-026-07162-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:10:46Z","timestamp":1789017046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00213-026-07162-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["7162"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00213-026-07162-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0033-3158","1432-2072"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0033-3158","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-2072","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The use of animals and all experimental procedures were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee at Louisiana State University Health \u2013 Shreveport (Protocol P-24-018) on 10\/2\/2023.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}