{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T15:05:46Z","timestamp":1781535946888,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603670400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]],"date-time":"2020-10-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1603670400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","award":["2018YFC2001900"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC2001900"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21775006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21775006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anal Bioanal Chem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-020-02999-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,27]],"date-time":"2020-10-27T00:04:07Z","timestamp":1603757047000},"page":"279-287","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Rapid determination and continuous monitoring of propofol in microliter whole blood sample during anesthesia by paper spray ionization-mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"413","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Dong","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying-Lin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang-Sheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin-Xiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2999_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-198908000-00015","volume":"71","author":"PS Sebel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sebel PS, Lowdon JD. Propofol - a new intravenous anesthetic. Anesthesiology. 1989;71(2):260\u201377.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"issue":"4","key":"2999_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199410000-00008","volume":"81","author":"I Smith","year":"1994","unstructured":"Smith I, White PF, Nathanson M, Gouldson R. Propofol - an update on its clinical use. Anesthesiology. 1994;81(4):1005\u201343.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"issue":"7","key":"2999_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2044.2007.05055.x","volume":"62","author":"PCA Kam","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kam PCA, Cardone D. Propofol infusion syndrome. Anaesthesia. 2007;62(7):690\u2013701.","journal-title":"Anaesthesia."},{"issue":"8","key":"2999_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-6576.1997.tb04823.x","volume":"41","author":"O Nordstrom","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nordstrom O, Engstrom AM, Persson S, Sandin R. Incidence of awareness in total i.v. anaesthesia based on propofol, alfentanil and neuromuscular blockade. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1997;41(8):978\u201384.","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"issue":"5","key":"2999_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31820fc9b6","volume":"114","author":"GA Mashour","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mashour GA, Orser BA, Avidan MS. Intraoperative awareness from neurobiology to clinical practice. Anesthesiology. 2011;114(5):1218\u201333.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"issue":"18","key":"2999_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7670","DOI":"10.1021\/ac3006878","volume":"84","author":"F Kivlehan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kivlehan F, Garay F, Guo JD, Chaum E, Lindner E. Toward feedback-controlled anesthesia: voltamrnetric measurement of propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) in serum-like electrolyte solutions. Anal Chem. 2012;84(18):7670\u20136.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"2999_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-016-0012-5","volume":"6","author":"X Wang","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhou QH, Jiang DD, Gong YL, Li EY, Li HY. Ion mobility spectrometry as a simple and rapid method to measure the plasma propofol concentrations for intravenous anaesthesia monitoring. Sci Rep. 2016;6:7.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"2999_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2005.10.108","volume":"159","author":"AL Dawidowicz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dawidowicz AL, Kalitynski R, Kobielski M, Pieniadz J. Influence of propofol concentration in human plasma on free fraction of the drug. Chem Biol Interact. 2006;159(2):149\u201355.","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact"},{"issue":"8\u20139","key":"2999_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2009.01.030","volume":"877","author":"Y Hui","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hui Y, Raedschelders K, Zhang H, Ansley DM, Chen DDY. Quantitative analysis of propofol in whole blood using capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr B. 2009;877(8\u20139):703\u20139.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"issue":"2","key":"2999_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(04)00661-0","volume":"810","author":"L Bajpai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bajpai L, Varshney M, Seubert CN, Dennis DM. A new method for the quantitation of propofol in human plasma: efficient solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography\/APCI-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry detection. J Chromatogr B. 2004;810(2):291\u20136.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"issue":"5","key":"2999_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2710.2001.00375.x","volume":"26","author":"D Teshima","year":"2001","unstructured":"Teshima D, Nagahama H, Makino K, Kataoka Y, Oishi R. Microanalysis of propofol in human serum by semi-microcolumn high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection and solid-phase extraction. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2001;26(5):381\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"key":"2999_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2017.05.042","volume":"143","author":"F Maurer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maurer F, Geiger M, Volk T, Sessler DI, Kreuer S. Validation of liquid and gaseous calibration techniques for quantification of propofol in breath with sorbent tube thermal desorption system GC-MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2017;143:116\u201322.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"issue":"21","key":"2999_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-013-7105-9","volume":"405","author":"J Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim J, In S, Park Y, Park M, Kim E, Lee S. Quantitative analysis of propofol-glucuronide in hair as a marker for propofol abuse. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2013;405(21):6807\u201314.","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"2999_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmr042","volume":"50","author":"J Yarbrough","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yarbrough J, Harvey R, Cox S. Determination of propofol using high performance liquid chromatography in whole blood with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr Sci. 2012;50(3):162\u20136.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"2999_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpt.13038","volume":"45","author":"B Qi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qi B, Nicola J, Smits A, De Vocht T, Deferm N, Van Brantegem P, et al. A sensitive liquid chromatography method for analysis of propofol in small volumes of neonatal blood. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2020;45(1):128\u201333.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharm Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"2999_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-0086-8","volume":"409","author":"A Maas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maas A, Maier C, Michel-Lauter B, Madea B, Hess C. 1,2-Dimethylimidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride (DMISC), a novel derivatization strategy for the analysis of propofol by LC-ESI-MS\/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2017;409(6):1547\u201354.","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"2999_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s12272-013-0265-5","volume":"37","author":"E Han","year":"2014","unstructured":"Han E. A study of analytical methods for the determination of propofol in blood. Arch Pharm Res. 2014;37(2):157\u201367.","journal-title":"Arch Pharm Res"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2999_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2008.04.021","volume":"395","author":"W Miekisch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Miekisch W, Fuchs P, Kamysek S, Neumann C, Schubert JK. Assessment of propofol concentrations in human breath and blood by means of HS-SPME-GC-MS. Clin Chim Acta. 2008;395(1\u20132):32\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"2999_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2011.03.019","volume":"55","author":"KE Pickl","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pickl KE, Adamek V, Gorges R, Sinner FM. Headspace-SPME-GC\/MS as a simple cleanup tool for sensitive 2,6-diisopropylphenol analysis from lipid emulsions and adaptable to other matrices. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2011;55(5):1231\u20136.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"2999_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2015.07.013","volume":"256","author":"F Vaiano","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vaiano F, Serpelloni G, Focardi M, Fioravanti A, Mari F, Bertol E. LC-MS\/MS and GC-MS methods in propofol detection: evaluation of the two analytical procedures. Forensic Sci Int. 2015;256:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"2999_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1366\/13-07362","volume":"68","author":"IC Nwaneshiudu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nwaneshiudu IC, Nwaneshiudu CA, Schwartz DT. Separation and enhanced detection of anesthetic compounds using solid phase micro-extraction (SPME)-Raman spectroscopy. Appl Spectrosc. 2014;68(11):1254\u20139.","journal-title":"Appl Spectrosc"},{"issue":"5695","key":"2999_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1104404","volume":"306","author":"Z Takats","year":"2004","unstructured":"Takats Z, Wiseman JM, Gologan B, Cooks RG. Mass spectrometry sampling under ambient conditions with desorption electrospray ionization. Science. 2004;306(5695):471\u20133.","journal-title":"Science."},{"issue":"6","key":"2999_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2463","DOI":"10.1021\/ac902854g","volume":"82","author":"JJ Liu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liu JJ, Wang H, Manicke NE, Lin JM, Cooks RG, Ouyang Z. Development, characterization, and application of paper spray ionization. Anal Chem. 2010;82(6):2463\u201371.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"2999_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1039\/C9AN02624J","volume":"145","author":"LJ Zhan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhan LJ, Hou ZH, Huang GM. Agarose hydrogel-enhanced paper spray ionization mass spectrometry for metabolite detection in raw urine. Analyst. 2020;145(6):2118\u201324.","journal-title":"Analyst."},{"issue":"3","key":"2999_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1878","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b04278","volume":"88","author":"DE Damon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Damon DE, Davis KM, Moreira CR, Capone P, Cruttenden R, Badu-Tawiah AK. Direct biofluid analysis using hydrophobic paper spray mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2016;88(3):1878\u201384.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"9","key":"2999_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6207","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b05078","volume":"92","author":"YN Yao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yao YN, Di DD, Yuan ZC, Wu L, Hu B. Schirmer paper noninvasive microsampling for direct mass spectrometry analysis of human tears. Anal Chem. 2020;92(9):6207\u201312.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"11","key":"2999_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2556","DOI":"10.1039\/c2an35196j","volume":"137","author":"ZP Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang ZP, Cooks RG, Ouyang Z. Paper spray: a simple and efficient means of analysis of different contaminants in foodstuffs. Analyst. 2012;137(11):2556\u20138.","journal-title":"Analyst."},{"issue":"20","key":"2999_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12874","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.9b02728","volume":"91","author":"YM Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang YM, Liu HM, Chen ZZ, Wu TH, Jiang ZY, Tong LL, et al. A simple 3D-printed enzyme reactor paper spray mass spectrometry platform for detecting BuChE activity in human serum. Anal Chem. 2019;91(20):12874\u201381.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"2999_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.5b03070","volume":"88","author":"DT Snyder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Snyder DT, Pulliam CJ, Ouyang Z, Cooks RG. Miniature and fieldable mass spectrometers: recent advances. Anal Chem. 2016;88(1):2\u201329.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"2999_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijms.2011.05.013","volume":"312","author":"Q Yang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yang Q, Wang H, Maas JD, Chappell WJ, Manicke NE, Cooks RG, et al. Paper spray ionization devices for direct, biomedical analysis using mass spectrometry. Int J Mass Spectrom. 2012;312:201\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Mass Spectrom"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"2999_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2007.04.021","volume":"854","author":"S Cohen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cohen S, Lhuillier F, Mouloua Y, Vignal B, Favetta P, Guitton J. Quantitative measurement of propofol and in main glucuroconjugate metabolites in human plasma using solid phase extraction-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B. 2007;854(1\u20132):165\u201372.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B"},{"key":"2999_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2019.11.011","volume":"1098","author":"Y Xiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiao Y, Wang X, Li EY, Chen H, Wang CY, Zhang YZ, et al. Rapid determination of intraoperative blood propofol concentration in operating theatre by dopant-enhanced neutral release and negative photoionization ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta. 2020;1098:47\u201355.","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"2999_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199805000-00006","volume":"88","author":"TW Schnider","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schnider TW, Minto CF, Gambus PL, Andresen C, Goodale DB, Shafer SL, et al. The influence of method of administration and covariates on the pharmacokinetics of propofol in adult volunteers. Anesthesiology. 1998;88(5):1170\u201382.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"issue":"1","key":"2999_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/67.1.41","volume":"67","author":"B Marsh","year":"1991","unstructured":"Marsh B, White M, Morton N, Kenny GNC. Pharmacokinetic model driven infusion of propofol in children. Br J Anaesth. 1991;67(1):41\u20138.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"9","key":"2999_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/59.9.1103","volume":"59","author":"ID Cockshott","year":"1987","unstructured":"Cockshott ID, Briggs LP, Douglas EJ, White M. Pharmacokinetics of propofol in female-patients - studies using single bolus injections. Br J Anaesth. 1987;59(9):1103\u201310.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"issue":"4","key":"2999_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-200404000-00008","volume":"100","author":"MJ Mertens","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mertens MJ, Olofsen E, Burm AGL, Bovill JG, Vuyk J. Mixed-effects modeling of the influence of alfentanil on propofol pharmacokinetics. Anesthesiology. 2004;100(4):795\u2013805.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology."},{"issue":"1","key":"2999_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199807000-00040","volume":"87","author":"T Tsubokawa","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tsubokawa T, Yamamoto K, Kobayashi T. Propofol clearance and distribution volume increase in patients with hyperthyroidism. Anesth Analg. 1998;87(1):195\u20139.","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"issue":"2","key":"2999_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1177\/0310057X0403200215","volume":"32","author":"O Ortolani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ortolani O, Conti A, Chan YK, Sie MY, Ong GSY. Comparison of propofol consumption and recovery time in Caucasians from Italy, with Chinese, Malays and Indians from Malaysia. Anaesth Intensive Care. 2004;32(2):250\u20135.","journal-title":"Anaesth Intensive Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"2999_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2018.01.018","volume":"120","author":"DJ Eleveld","year":"2018","unstructured":"Eleveld DJ, Colin P, Absalom AR, Struys M. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for propofol for broad application in anaesthesia and sedation. Br J Anaesth. 2018;120(5):942\u201359.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"}],"container-title":["Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-020-02999-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00216-020-02999-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-020-02999-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,26]],"date-time":"2021-10-26T00:22:42Z","timestamp":1635207762000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00216-020-02999-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2999"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-020-02999-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-2642","1618-2650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-2642","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-2650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 July 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2020","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2020","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 October 2020","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"All blood samples were collected with the approval of the ethics committee of First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital and the patients\u2019 informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}}]}}