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In this study, the 13 opioids morphine, oxycodone, codeine, O-desmethyl tramadol, ethylmorphine, tramadol, pethidine, ketobemidone, buprenorphine, fentanyl, cyclopropylfentanyl, etonitazepyne, and methadone were extracted from oral fluid using electromembrane extraction based on conductive vials prior to analysis with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. Oral fluid was collected using Quantisal collection kits. By applying voltage, target analytes were extracted from oral fluid samples diluted with 0.1% formic acid, across a liquid membrane and into a 300 \u03bcL 0.1% (v\/v) formic acid solution. The liquid membrane comprised 8 \u03bcL membrane solvent immobilized in the pores of a flat porous polypropylene membrane. The membrane solvent was a mixture of 6-methylcoumarin, thymol, and 2-nitrophenyloctyl ether. The composition of the membrane solvent was found to be the most important parameter to achieve simultaneous extraction of all target opioids, which had predicted log <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> values in the range from 0.7 to 5.0. The method was validated in accordance to the guidelines by the European Medical Agency with satisfactory results. Intra- and inter-day precision and bias were within guideline limits of \u00b1 15% for 12 of 13 compounds. Extraction recoveries ranged from 39 to 104% (CV \u2264 23%). Internal standard normalized matrix effects were in the range from 88 to 103% (CV \u2264 5%). Quantitative results of authentic oral fluid samples were in accordance with a routine screening method, and external quality control samples for both hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds were within acceptable limits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-023-04807-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T16:02:25Z","timestamp":1688054545000},"page":"5323-5335","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Conductive vial electromembrane extraction of opioids from oral fluid"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"415","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9146-2870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tonje Gottenberg","family":"Skaalvik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0063-3313","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0781-6865","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elisabeth Leere","family":"\u00d8iestad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6334-6357","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Solfrid","family":"Hegstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Trones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1666-8043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stig","family":"Pedersen-Bjergaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"4807_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Blanckaert P, Cannaert A, Van Uytfanghe K, Hulpia F, Deconinck E, Van Calenbergh S, et al. 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