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Assessment of commutability is essential when the RM is used in a calibration hierarchy or to ensure that clinical measurements are comparable across different measurement procedures and at different times. The commutability of three new Standard Reference Materials<jats:sup>\u00ae<\/jats:sup> (SRMs) for determining serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], defined as the sum of 25-hydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> [25(OH)D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>] and 25-hydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> [25(OH)D<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>], was assessed through an interlaboratory study. The following SRMs were assessed: (1) SRM 2969 Vitamin D Metabolites in Frozen Human Serum (Total 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Low Level), (2) SRM 2970 Vitamin D Metabolites in Frozen Human Serum (25-Hydroxyvitamin D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> High Level), and (3) SRM 1949 Frozen Human Prenatal Serum. These SRMs represent three clinically relevant situations including (1) low levels of total 25(OH)D, (2) high level of 25(OH)D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and (3) 25(OH)D levels in nonpregnant women and women during each of the three trimesters of pregnancy with changing concentrations of vitamin D-binding protein (VDBP). Twelve laboratories using 17 different ligand binding assays and eight laboratories using nine commercial and custom liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) assays provided results in this study. Commutability of the SRMs with patient samples was assessed using the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) approach based on 95% prediction intervals or a pre-set commutability criterion and the recently introduced International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) approach based on differences in bias for the clinical and reference material samples using a commutability criterion of 8.8%. All three SRMs were deemed as commutable with all LC\u2013MS\/MS assays using both CLSI and IFCC approaches. SRM 2969 and SRM 2970 were deemed noncommutable for three and seven different ligand binding assays, respectively, when using the IFCC approach. Except for two assays, one or more of the three pregnancy levels of SRM 1949 were deemed noncommutable or inconclusive using different ligand binding assays and the commutability criterion of 8.8%. Overall, a noncommutable assessment for ligand binding assays is determined for these SRMs primarily due to a lack of assay selectivity related to 25(OH)D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> or an increasing VDBP in pregnancy trimester materials rather than the quality of the SRMs. With results from 17 different ligand binding and nine LC\u2013MS\/MS assays, this study provides valuable knowledge for clinical laboratories to inform SRM selection when assessing 25(OH)D status in patient populations, particularly in subpopulations with low levels of 25(OH)D, high levels of 25(OH)D<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, women only, or women who are pregnant.<\/jats:p>\n          <jats:p>\n            <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n          <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-024-05699-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,10]],"date-time":"2025-01-10T01:42:14Z","timestamp":1736473334000},"page":"2539-2561","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Commutability assessment of new standard reference materials (SRMs) for determining serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D using ligand binding and liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) assays"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"417","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0021-1970","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen 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The laboratory study participants agreed to the publication of their measurements data, laboratory identification, and measurement assay platform identification.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human subjects ethics"}},{"value":"S.A. Wise is an Editor of the journal Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry and was not involved in peer reviewing this manuscript. Some coauthors are employees of companies that produced the assays evaluated in this study. There are no financial or non-financial conflicts of interest for any of the coauthors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The opinions expressed in this article are the authors\u2019 own and do not reflect the view of the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the United States government. Any citations of commercial organizations and trade names in this report do not constitute an official NIH, NIST, or CDC endorsement of approval of the products or services of these organizations.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}]}}