{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T18:02:53Z","timestamp":1790704973132,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anal Bioanal Chem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Certified reference materials (CRMs) play a crucial role in ensuring the quality of analytical measurements. Particularly, the EU labelling legislation on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in food and feed products explicitly requires CRMs for its implementation. The CRMs are used to calibrate and control the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method and support official control laboratories, such as National Reference Laboratories (NRLs), in maintaining their ISO\/IEC 17025 accreditation. The Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (EC JRC) is specialized in the production of reference materials and has been producing GMO CRMs since 1998. Together with a validated event-specific qPCR method, these GMO CRMs form the EU reference system for the quantification of EU-authorized GMO events in food and feed products and ensure a common GMO labelling threshold. This article gives a retrospective view on the more than 25 years of GMO CRM production at JRC. It describes requirements for GMO CRMs in view of an EU market authorization under (EC) No. 1829\/2003. The evolution and major improvements of the production of GMO CRMs at JRC are summarized as well as the current understanding of the\u00a0EU\u2019s GMO reference system for GMO quantification and its impact on commutability. It provides insights into GMO CRM sales and their worldwide distribution. This information may be useful for policymakers and researchers in understanding the current EU GMO measurement landscape and to anticipate possible future demands related to GMO events based on new genomic techniques (NGTs).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-024-05713-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]],"date-time":"2025-01-23T03:11:00Z","timestamp":1737601860000},"page":"2387-2403","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Certified reference materials for GMO analysis\u2014more than 25 years of GMO CRM production at EC JRC"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"417","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8465-7231","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefanie","family":"Trapmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5338-0954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas P. J.","family":"Linsinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2716-7487","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Robert","family":"Koeber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"5713_CR1","unstructured":"Regulation (EC) No 1829\/2003 of the European parliament and of the council of 22 September 2003 on genetically modified food and feed; https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32003R1829. Accessed 17 Dec 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR2","unstructured":"Regulation (EU) 2017\/625 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2017 on official controls and other official activities performed to ensure the application of food and feed law, rules on animal health and welfare, plant health and plant protection products; https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32017R0625&qid=1713968320263. Accessed 17 Dec 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR3","unstructured":"ISO\/IEC 17025:2017. General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories. ISO, Geneva."},{"key":"5713_CR4","unstructured":"European Union Reference Laboratory for Genetically Modified Food & Feed, Method validations. https:\/\/gmo-crl.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/method-validations. Accessed 17 Dec 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR5","unstructured":"Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 503\/2013 of 3 April 2013 on applications for authorisation of genetically modified food and feed in accordance with Regulation (EC) No 1829\/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/LexUriServ\/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2013:157:0001:0048:EN:PDF. Accessed 17 Dec 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR6","unstructured":"Commission Regulation (EU) No 619\/2011of 24 June 2011 laying down the methods of sampling and analysis for the official control of feed as regards presence of genetically modified material for which an authorisation procedure is pending or the authorisation of which has expired. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32011R0619&qid=1713963829129. Accessed 17 Dec 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR7","unstructured":"Regulation (EC) No 1830\/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 September 2003 concerning the traceability and labelling of genetically modified organisms and the traceability of food and feed products produced from genetically modified organisms. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:02003R1830-20190726. Accessed 17 Dec 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR8","unstructured":"Commission Regulation (EC) No 641\/2004 of 6 April 2004 on detailed rules for the implementation of Regulation (EC) No 1829\/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the application for the authorisation of new genetically modified food and feed, the notification of existing products and adventitious or technically unavoidable presence of genetically modified material which has benefited from a favourable risk evaluation. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32004R0641&qid=1713968698854. Accessed 17 Dec 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR9","unstructured":"Commission Recommendation 2004\/787\/EC of 4 October 2004 on technical guidance for sampling and detection of genetically modified organisms and material produced from genetically modified organisms as or in products in the context of Regulation (EC) No 1830\/2003. https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/PDF\/?uri=CELEX:32004H0787. Accessed 17 Dec 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR10","unstructured":"EC Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety (DG SANTE), GMO authorisation. https:\/\/food.ec.europa.eu\/plants\/genetically-modified-organisms\/gmo-authorisation_en. Accessed 17 Dec 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR11","unstructured":"Plan D, Van den Eede G. The EU Legislation on GMOs \u2013 An Overview. Publications Office of the European Union; 2010."},{"key":"5713_CR12","unstructured":"ISO 17034:2016. General requirements for the competence of reference material producers. ISO, Geneva."},{"key":"5713_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00769-006-0206-9","author":"TPJ Linsinger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Linsinger TPJ, Bernreuther A, Corbisier P, Dabrio M, Emteborg H, Held A, Lamberty A, Lapitajs G, Ricci M, Roebben G, Trapmann S, Ulberth F, Emons H. Accreditation of reference material producers: the example of IRMM\u2019s Reference Materials Unit. Accred Qual Assur. 2007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00769-006-0206-9.","journal-title":"Accred Qual Assur"},{"key":"5713_CR14","unstructured":"European Union Reference Laboratory for GM food & feed, Conversion factors (CFCRM). https:\/\/gmo-crl.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/doc\/CF-CRM-values.pdf . Accessed 29 Oct 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR15","unstructured":"EU Register of authorised GMOs. https:\/\/webgate.ec.europa.eu\/dyna2\/gm-register. Accessed 29 Oct 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR16","unstructured":"Trapmann S, Conneely P, Corbisier P, Gancberg D, Hannes E, Gioria S, Van Nyen M, Schimmel H, Szil\u00e1gyi S, Teipel K, Emons H. The Certification of Reference Materials of Dry-Mixed Maize Powder with different Mass Fractions of MON 863 x MON 810 Maize - ERM-BF417. Publications Office of the European Union; 2005."},{"key":"5713_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/85.3.775","author":"S Trapmann","year":"2002","unstructured":"Trapmann S, Schimmel H, Kramer GN. Production of certified reference materials for the detection of genetically modified organisms. J AOCS Int. 2002. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jaoac\/85.3.775.","journal-title":"J. AOCS Int."},{"key":"5713_CR18","unstructured":"Ogur M, Rosen G. The Nucleic Acids of Plant Tissues. The extraction and estimation of desoxypentose nucleic acid and pentose nucleic acid. Arch. Biochem. 1950, 25:262-276."},{"key":"5713_CR19","first-page":"339","volume":"29","author":"PK Ganguli","year":"1970","unstructured":"Ganguli PK. A sensitive procedure for the estimation of deoxyribonucleic acid by the diphenylamine reaction in the presence of cupric sulfate. Rev Can Biol. 1970;29:339\u201346.","journal-title":"Rev. Can. Biol."},{"key":"5713_CR20","unstructured":"Trapmann S. European Reference Materials, Application Note 4, Use of Certified Reference Materials for the quantification of GMO in food and feed. https:\/\/crm.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/graphics\/cms_docs\/erm4_english.pdf. Accessed 17 Dec 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0701584","author":"W Broothearts","year":"2007","unstructured":"Broothearts W, Corbisier P, Emons H, Emteborg H, Linsinger TPJ, Trapmann S. Development of a certified reference material for genetically modified potato with altered starch composition. J Agric Food Chem. 2007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf0701584.","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"5713_CR22","unstructured":"Trapmann S, Bau' A, Charoud-Got J, Conneely P, Corbisier P, Emteborg H, de Vos P, Meeus N, Vincent S, Emons H. Certification of H7-1 Fraction and Identity of Non-Modified and Genetically Modified Sugar Beet Powder - Certified Reference Material ERM\u00ae-BF419, Publications Office of the European Union, 2006."},{"key":"5713_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-004-2901-x","author":"S Trapmann","year":"2005","unstructured":"Trapmann S, Emons H. Reliable GMO analysis. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2005. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-004-2901-x.","journal-title":"Anal. Bioanal. Chem."},{"key":"5713_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0629336","author":"D Charels","year":"2007","unstructured":"Charels D, Broeders S, Corbisier P, Trapmann S, Schimmel H, Emons H. Towards metrological traceability for DNA fragment ratios in GM quantification, Part C: Suitability of DNA calibrants studied with a MON 810 corn model. J Agric Food Chem. 2007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jf0629336.","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"5713_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2021.12.011","author":"Y Fontoura","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fontoura Y, Martins Krieger MG, Peci A. \u201cNo turning back\u201d: The emergence and settlement of GMO hegemony in Brazil. J Rural Stud. 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jrurstud.2021.12.011.","journal-title":"J Rural Stud."},{"key":"5713_CR26","unstructured":"Evaluation of the Joint Research Centre\u2019s activities related to reference materials, EUR 28169 EN, 2016. https:\/\/op.europa.eu\/en\/publication-detail\/-\/publication\/d5640364-0f93-11e7-8a35-01aa75ed71a1\/language-en. Accessed 17 Dec 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR27","unstructured":"AOCS, Certified Reference Materials (CRMs). https:\/\/www.aocs.org\/crm?SSO=True. Accessed 29 Oct 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR28","unstructured":"Voora V, Larrea C, Bermudez S. Global Market Report: Soybeans, 2020. In: Sustainable commodities marketplace series 2019 MARKETPLACE SERIES 2019 (2020). https:\/\/www.iisd.org\/system\/files\/2020-10\/ssi-global-market-report-soybean.pdf. Accessed 17 Dec 2024."},{"key":"5713_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Detection of food and feed plant products obtained by targeted mutagenesis and cisgenesis, Publications Office of the European Union, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2760\/007925.","DOI":"10.2760\/007925."}],"container-title":["Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-024-05713-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00216-024-05713-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-024-05713-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,16]],"date-time":"2025-04-16T12:43:53Z","timestamp":1744807433000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00216-024-05713-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["5713"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-024-05713-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-2642","1618-2650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-2642","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-2650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 December 2024","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 December 2024","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 January 2025","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors are employed by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission (EC JRC), financed via EU Member State contributions. EC JRC provides independent, evidence-based knowledge and science, supporting EU policies to positively impact society, and funds the development, production, and dissemination of reference materials. While none of the authors has any personal financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript, income is generated via the sales of reference materials and reinvested into the development of further reference materials.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}