{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T18:07:42Z","timestamp":1789495662695,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University at Buffalo Foundation"},{"name":"CTC Analytics AG"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anal Bioanal Chem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Research efforts have primarily focused on identifying per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in common environmental media like water, air, soil, and biological samples. However, there is limited research on PFAS detection in complex samples such as personal care products, including cosmetics. PFAS are used in cosmetics for emulsification, surfactant action, and stabilization, and have been detected in products such as foundation, powders, and nail polish. The complexity of cosmetic formulations, with various additives, makes the analysis of these samples extremely challenging. This study aimed to explore and develop convenient extraction methods to accurately quantify eight anionic PFAS in mascara products. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and automated micro\u00a0solid-phase extraction (\u00b5SPE) were evaluated, and quantification was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS). Six mascara products, including waterproof and non-waterproof types, were analyzed, optimizing methanol\u2013water mixtures as dispersive media to maximize PFAS recovery. Elution solution composition, volume, and dispensing speed were optimized for the \u00b5SPE method to ensure quantitative elution of the PFAS from the extraction phase. For the SPME method, the extraction time was optimized to account for the varying diffusion behavior of PFAS in the mixed-phase medium. Both extraction methods were evaluated in terms of greenness and practicality, with SPME achieving the best overall scores. Method validation demonstrated good linearity (0.025 to 25\u00a0ng\/g) for both protocols, with \u00b5SPE providing lower limits of quantification (LOQ) for the most hydrophobic PFAS. 6:2 diPAP was quantified in real samples at concentrations ranging from 1.26 to 3.48\u00a0ng\/g in 4 of the 9 mascaras tested.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical Abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-025-05908-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]],"date-time":"2025-05-24T00:50:29Z","timestamp":1748047829000},"page":"619-632","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Evaluation of extraction methodologies for PFAS analysis in mascara: a comparative study of SPME and automated \u00b5SPE"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"418","author":[{"given":"Aghogho A.","family":"Olomukoro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"L\u00fcthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Flug","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1836-1950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuela","family":"Gionfriddo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"5908_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1680","DOI":"10.1039\/c8em00368h","volume":"20","author":"L Schultes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schultes L, Vestergren R, Volkova K, Westberg E, Jacobson T, Benskin JP. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and fluorine mass balance in cosmetic products from the Swedish market: Implications for environmental emissions and human exposure. Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2018;20:1680\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c8em00368h.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Process Impacts"},{"key":"5908_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44694","DOI":"10.1038\/srep44694","volume":"7","author":"P Meng","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meng P, Deng S, Du Z, Wang B, Huang J, Wang Y, Yu G, Xing B. Effect of hydro-oleophobic perfluorocarbon chain on interfacial behavior and mechanism of perfluorooctane sulfonate in oil-water mixture. Sci Rep. 2017;7:44694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep44694.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5908_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2024.114625","volume":"187","author":"C C\u00e9line","year":"2024","unstructured":"C\u00e9line C, Catherine B, Romane C, Laurence C. Per- and polyfluoroalkyls used as cosmetic ingredients - Qualitative study of 765 cosmetic products. Food Chem Toxicol. 2024;187:114625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fct.2024.114625.","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"5908_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133606","volume":"694","author":"DQ Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang DQ, Zhang WL, Liang YN. Adsorption of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) from aqueous solution - A review. Sci Total Environ. 2019;694:133606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2019.133606.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"5908_CR5","unstructured":"Brinch A, Jensen AA, Christensen F. Risk assessment of fluorinated substances in cosmetic products. Danish Environmental Protection Agency. 2018;1\u2013116."},{"key":"5908_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115381","volume":"171","author":"E Gagliano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gagliano E, Sgroi M, Falciglia PP, Vagliasindi FGA, Roccaro P. Removal of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from water by adsorption: Role of PFAS chain length, effect of organic matter and challenges in adsorbent regeneration. Water Res. 2020;171:115381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.watres.2019.115381.","journal-title":"Water Res"},{"key":"5908_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1697","DOI":"10.1039\/d2em00123c","volume":"24","author":"KW P\u00fctz","year":"2022","unstructured":"P\u00fctz KW, Namazkar S, Plassmann M, Benskin JP. Are cosmetics a significant source of PFAS in Europe? product inventories, chemical characterization and emission estimates. Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2022;24:1697\u2013707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d2em00123c.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Process Impacts"},{"key":"5908_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.estlett.1c00240","volume":"8","author":"HD Whitehead","year":"2021","unstructured":"Whitehead HD, Venier M, Wu Y, Eastman E, Urbanik S, Diamond ML, Shalin A, Schwartz-Narbonne H, Bruton TA, Blum A, Wang Z, Green M, Tighe M, Wilkinson JT, McGuinness S, Peaslee GF. Fluorinated Compounds in North American Cosmetics. Environ Sci Technol Lett. 2021;8:538\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.estlett.1c00240.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol Lett"},{"key":"5908_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1039\/d3em00461a","volume":"26","author":"S Namazkar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Namazkar S, Ragnarsdottir O, Josefsson A, Branzell F, Abel S, Abou-Elwafa Abdallah M, Harrad S, Benskin JP. 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