{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:19:41Z","timestamp":1792131581715,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anal Bioanal Chem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    High-density and low-density lipoproteins (HDL and LDL) are established analytical targets for diagnosis and risk stratification of numerous chronic diseases. This study investigates potential sources of bias in lipoprotein particle counting (HDL-P and LDL-P), focusing on the most atheroprotective small-HDL and most pro-atherogenic small-LDL. Plasma samples were fractionated using asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation (AF4), coupled with hydrodynamic size measurement and comprehensive liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS\/MS) analysis of each fraction. Concentration-size profiles were deconvoluted into 10 HDL and 8 LDL Gaussian subspecies. Molecular volume ratios were used to evaluate proposed particle models, providing evidence for the presence of s-HDL disk and s-LDL dimers, as sources of bias in calculated HDL-P and LDL-P when spherical particle geometry is assumed. Matching apoA1\/HDL-P and apoB\/LDL-P to consensus values enabled correction of mass diameters (k*d\n                    <jats:sub>m<\/jats:sub>\n                    ), with k\u22481.2 for s-HDL disks, and k\u22480.8 for s-LDL dimers. These corrections resulted in closer agreements of the calculated HDL-P and LDL-P values with those reported by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (n\u2009=\u2009666). After corrections, average AF4-LC-MS\/MS versus NMR differences decreased from 20 to 4.9% for HDL-P and from \u221247% to \u22125.7% for LDL-P; x-y correlations improved from 0.83 to 0.85 and 0.51 to 1.03, respectively; and both platforms showed a dominant presence of s-HDL and s-LDL subclasses. Overall, the results support standardization of clinical methodologies for lipoprotein subclass measurement around apoA1 and apoB, and harmonization of HDL and LDL subclass definitions based on composition and structural characteristics rather than strictly enforced size cutoffs.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Graphical abstract<\/jats:bold>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-026-06390-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T08:33:58Z","timestamp":1772181238000},"page":"2619-2639","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effect of HDL disk and LDL dimer presence on lipoprotein particle number determination and subclassification"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"418","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9801-7705","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zsuzsanna","family":"Kuklenyik","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6221-6240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna A.","family":"Ivanova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Drinkard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-8016-0961","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David M.","family":"Schieltz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey I.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin","family":"Bierbaum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher A.","family":"Toth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0999-2010","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael S.","family":"Gardner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7026-873X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan A.","family":"Parks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1958-909X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7299-2454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer D.","family":"Kusovschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jack A.","family":"Sultan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony","family":"Lehtikoski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0616-0219","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jon C.","family":"Rees","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8602-6732","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wanda I.","family":"Santana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0887-9091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1527-7374","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric C.","family":"Leszczynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"III","given":"Robert W.","family":"McGarrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6705-0668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark A.","family":"Sarzynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William E.","family":"Kraus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6431-2175","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"John R.","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"6390_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-3084(73)90058-3","volume":"10","author":"H Schneider","year":"1973","unstructured":"Schneider H, Morrod RS, Colvin JR, Tattrie NH. The lipid core model of lipoproteins. Chem Phys Lipids. 1973;10(4):328\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0009-3084(73)90058-3.","journal-title":"Chem Phys Lipids"},{"issue":"3","key":"6390_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.3.837","volume":"74","author":"BW Shen","year":"1977","unstructured":"Shen BW, Scanu AM, Kezdy FJ. Structure of human serum lipoproteins inferred from compositional analysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977;74(3):837\u201341.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"6390_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(81)90719-1","volume":"100","author":"S Lund-Katz","year":"1981","unstructured":"Lund-Katz S, Phillips MC. Location and motion of free cholesterol molecules in high density lipoprotein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1981;100(4):1735\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-291X(81)90719-1.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"6390_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)41536-6","volume":"33","author":"JP Segrest","year":"1992","unstructured":"Segrest JP, Jones MK, De Loof H, Brouillette CG, Venkatachalapathi YV, Anantharamaiah GM. The amphipathic helix in the exchangeable apolipoproteins: a review of secondary structure and function. J Lipid Res. 1992;33(2):141\u201366.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6390_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2006.07.005","volume":"26","author":"GR Warnick","year":"2006","unstructured":"Warnick GR, McNamara JR, Boggess CN, Clendenen F, Williams PT, Landolt CC. Polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis of lipoprotein subclasses. Clin Lab Med. 2006;26(4):803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cll.2006.07.005.","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"6390_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1309\/6ul9rhjh1jffu4py","volume":"39","author":"GR Warnick","year":"2008","unstructured":"Warnick GR, Kimberly MM, Waymack PP, Leary ET, Myers GL. Standardization of measurements for cholesterol, triglycerides, and major lipoproteins. Labmedicine. 2008;39(8):481\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1309\/6ul9rhjh1jffu4py.","journal-title":"Labmedicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"6390_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.059949","volume":"52","author":"W Ensign","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ensign W, Hill N, Heward CB. Disparate LDL phenotypic classification among 4 different methods assesing LDL particle characteristics. Clin Chem. 2006;52(9):1722\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2005.059949.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"6390_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.140939","volume":"56","author":"BJ Arsenault","year":"2010","unstructured":"Arsenault BJ, Lemieux I, Despr\u00e9s JP, Wareham NJ, Stroes ESG, Kastelein JJP, Khaw KT, Boekholdt SM. Comparison between gradient gel electrophoresis and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in estimating coronary heart disease risk associated with LDL and HDL particle size. Clin Chem. 2010;56(5):789\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2009.140939.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.042","volume":"243","author":"PN Hopkins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hopkins PN, Pottala JV, Nanjee MN. A comparative study of four independent methods to measure LDL particle concentration. Atherosclerosis. 2015;243(1):99\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.08.042.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"6","key":"6390_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2009.142810","volume":"56","author":"WG Miller","year":"2010","unstructured":"Miller WG, Myers GL, Sakurabayashi I, Bachmann LM, Caudill SP, Dziekonski A, Edwards S, Kimberly MM, Korzun WJ, Leary ET, Nakajima K, Nakamura M, Nilsson G, Shamburek RD, Vetrovec GW, Warnick GR, Remaley AT. Seven direct methods for measuring HDL and LDL cholesterol compared with ultracentrifugation reference measurement procedures. Clin Chem. 2010;56(6):977\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2009.142810.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"6390_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2010.155333","volume":"57","author":"RS Rosenson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rosenson RS, Brewer J, Bryan H, Chapman MJ, Fazio S, Hussain MM, Kontush A, Krauss RM, Otvos JD, Remaley AT, Schaefer EJ. HDL Measures, particle heterogeneity, proposed nomenclature, and relation to atherosclerotic cardiovascular events. Clin Chem. 2011;57(3):392\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2010.155333.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"6390_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2006.02.041","volume":"369","author":"JR McNamara","year":"2006","unstructured":"McNamara JR, Russell Warnick G, Cooper GR. A brief history of lipid and lipoprotein measurements and their contribution to clinical chemistry. Clin Chim Acta. 2006;369(2):158\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cca.2006.02.041.","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"6390_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rafai N, Warnick RG, Dominiczak. Handbook of Lipoprotein Testing. 2nd edition edn. AACC Press, Washington, DC. 2000;21:609-623.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/47.2.359a","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.2.359a"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2006.05.007","volume":"192","author":"S Mora","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mora S, Szklo M, Otvos JD, Greenland P, Psaty BM, Goff DC, O\u2019Leary DH, Saad MF, Tsai MY, Sharrett AR. LDL particle subclasses, LDL particle size, and carotid atherosclerosis in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Atherosclerosis. 2007;192(1):211\u20137.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"6390_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu17071182","author":"EO Stock","year":"2025","unstructured":"Stock EO, Asztalos BF, Miller JM, He L, Creasy KT, Schwemberger R, Quinn A, Pullinger CR, Malloy MJ, Diffenderfer MR, Kane JP. High-density lipoprotein particles, inflammation, and coronary heart disease risk. Nutrients. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu17071182.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"6390_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1515\/bmc-2013-0016","volume":"4","author":"M Lu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lu M, Gursky O. Aggregation and fusion of low-density lipoproteins in vivo and in vitro. Biomol Concepts. 2013;4(5):501\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/bmc-2013-0016.","journal-title":"Biomol Concepts"},{"issue":"12","key":"6390_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2638","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37467-8","volume":"37","author":"MO Pentikainen","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pentikainen MO, Lehtonen EMP, Kovanen PT. Aggregation and fusion of modified low density lipoprotein. J Lipid Res. 1996;37(12):2638\u201349.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"27","key":"6390_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2562","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy319","volume":"39","author":"M Ruuth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ruuth M, Nguyen SD, Vihervaara T, Hilvo M, Laajala TD, Kondadi PK, Gister\u00e5 A, L\u00e4hteenm\u00e4ki H, Kittil\u00e4 T, Huusko J, Uusitupa M, Schwab U, Savolainen MJ, Sinisalo J, Lokki ML, Nieminen MS, Jula A, Perola M, Yl\u00e4-Herttula S, Rudel L, \u00d6\u00f6rni A, Baumann M, Baruch A, Laaksonen R, Ketelhuth DFJ, Aittokallio T, Jauhiainen M, K\u00e4kel\u00e4 R, Bor\u00e9n J, Williams KJ, Kovanen PT, \u00d6\u00f6rni K. Susceptibility of low-density lipoprotein particles to aggregate depends on particle lipidome, is modifiable, and associates with future cardiovascular deaths. Eur Heart J. 2018;39(27):2562\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy319.","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"11","key":"6390_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2014.232769","volume":"60","author":"WS Davidson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Davidson WS. HDL-C vs HDL-P: how changing one letter could make a difference in understanding the role of high-density lipoprotein in disease. Clin Chem. 2014;60(11):e1\u20133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2014.232769.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"6390_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2591","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab113","volume":"14","author":"M Bermudez-Lopez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bermudez-Lopez M, Perpi\u00f1an H, Amigo N, Castro E, Alonso N, Mauricio D, Fernandez E, Valdivielso JM. Advanced lipoprotein parameters could better explain atheromatosis in non-diabetic chronic kidney disease patients. Clin Kidney J. 2021;14(12):2591\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ckj\/sfab113.","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"8","key":"6390_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2007.100586","volume":"54","author":"MP Caulfield","year":"2008","unstructured":"Caulfield MP, Li S, Lee G, Blanche PJ, Salameh WA, Benner WH, Reitz RE, Krauss RM. Direct determination of lipoprotein particle sizes and concentrations by ion mobility analysis. Clin Chem. 2008;54(8):1307\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2007.100586.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.2337\/dc19-0772","volume":"43","author":"T Vaisar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vaisar T, Kanter JE, Wimberger J, Irwin AD, Gauthier J, Wolfson E, Bahnam V, Wu IH, Shah H, Keenan HA, Greenbaum CJ, King GL, Heinecke JW, Bornfeldt KE. High concentration of medium-sized HDL particles and enrichment in HDL paraoxonase 1 associate with protection from vascular complications in people with long-standing type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2020;43(1):178\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc19-0772.","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"6390_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1393","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2014.228114","volume":"60","author":"PM Hutchins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hutchins PM, Ronsein GE, Monette JS, Pamir N, Wimberger J, He Y, Anantharamaiah GM, Kim DS, Ranchalis JE, Jarvik GP, Vaisar T, Heinecke JW. Quantification of HDL particle concentration by calibrated ion mobility analysis. Clin Chem. 2014;60(11):1393\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2014.228114.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"25","key":"6390_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4049","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevLett.72.4049","volume":"72","author":"J Lounila","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lounila J, Ala-Korpela M, Jokisaari J, Savolainen MJ, Kes\u00e4niemi YA. Effects of orientational order and particle size on the NMR line positions of lipoproteins. Phys Rev Lett. 1994;72(25):4049\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.72.4049.","journal-title":"Phys Rev Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"6390_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/37.3.377","volume":"37","author":"JD Otvos","year":"1991","unstructured":"Otvos JD, Jeyarajah EJ, Bennett DW. Quantification of plasma-lipoproteins by proton nuclear-magnetic-resonance spectroscopy. Clin Chem. 1991;37(3):377\u201386.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"6390_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M039172","volume":"54","author":"JP Segrest","year":"2013","unstructured":"Segrest JP, Cheung MC, Jones MK. Volumetric determination of apolipoprotein stoichiometry of circulating HDL subspecies. J Lipid Res. 2013;54(10):2733\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.M039172.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"6390_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1924","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)37557-X","volume":"37","author":"JR McNamara","year":"1996","unstructured":"McNamara JR, Small DM, Li ZL, Schaefer EJ. Differences in LDL subspecies involve alterations in lipid composition and conformational changes in apolipoprotein B. J Lipid Res. 1996;37(9):1924\u201335.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"key":"6390_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0194797","author":"Z Kuklenyik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kuklenyik Z, Jones JI, Gardner MS, Schieltz DM, Parks BA, Toth CA, Rees JC, Andrews ML, Carter K, Lehtikoski AK, McWilliams LG, Williamson YM, Bierbaum KP, Pirkle JL, Barr JR. Core lipid, surface lipid and apolipoprotein composition analysis of lipoprotein particles as a function of particle size in one workflow integrating asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. PLoS ONE. 2018. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0194797.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6390_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3390\/chromatography2010096","volume":"2","author":"Z Kuklenyik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kuklenyik Z, Gardner M, Parks BA, Schieltz DM, Rees JC, McWilliams LG, Williamson YM, Pirkle JL, Barr JR. Multivariate DoE optimization of asymmetric flow field flow fractionation coupled to quantitative LC-MS\/MS for analysis of lipoprotein subclasses. Chromatography. 2015;2:96\u2013117.","journal-title":"Chromatography"},{"issue":"8","key":"6390_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-015-9648-y","volume":"8","author":"WE Kraus","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kraus WE, Granger CB, Sketch MH Jr., Donahue MP, Ginsburg GS, Hauser ER, Haynes C, Newby LK, Hurdle M, Dowdy ZE, Shah SH. A guide for a cardiovascular genomics biorepository: the CATHGEN experience. J Cardiovasc Transl Res. 2015;8(8):449\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12265-015-9648-y.","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Transl Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"6390_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cll.2006.07.006","volume":"26","author":"EJ Jeyarajah","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jeyarajah EJ, Cromwell WC, Otvos JD. Lipoprotein particle analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Clin Lab Med. 2006;26(4):847\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cll.2006.07.006.","journal-title":"Clin Lab Med"},{"key":"6390_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.011","volume":"286","author":"M Balling","year":"2019","unstructured":"Balling M, Langsted A, Afzal S, Varbo A, Davey Smith G, Nordestgaard BG. A third of nonfasting plasma cholesterol is in remnant lipoproteins: lipoprotein subclass profiling in 9293 individuals. Atherosclerosis. 2019;286:97\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2019.05.011.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"10","key":"6390_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1485","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2018.288746","volume":"64","author":"V Delatour","year":"2018","unstructured":"Delatour V, Clouet-Foraison N, Gaie-Levrel F, Marcovina SM, Hoofnagle AN, Kuklenyik Z, Caulfield MP, Otvos JD, Krauss RM, Kulkarni KR, Contois JH, Remaley AT, Vesper HW, Cobbaert CM, Gillery P. Comparability of lipoprotein particle number concentrations across ES-DMA, NMR, LC-MS\/MS, immunonephelometry, and VAP: in search of a candidate reference measurement procedure for apoB and non-HDL-P standardization. Clin Chem. 2018;64(10):1485\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1373\/clinchem.2018.288746.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"6390_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Garcia E, Bennett DW, Connelly MA, Jeyarajah EJ, Warf FC, Shalaurova I, Matyus SP, Wolak-Dinsmore J, Oskardmay DN, Young RM, Sampson M, Remaley AT, Otvos JD. The extended lipid panel assay: a clinically-deployed high-throughput nuclear magnetic resonance method for the simultaneous measurement of lipids and Apolipoprotein B. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19 (1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12944-020-01424-2","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-020-01424-2"},{"key":"6390_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.01.025","volume":"1280","author":"KH Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim KH, Lee JY, Lim S, Moon MH. Top-down lipidomic analysis of human lipoproteins by chip-type asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A. 2013;1280:92\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2013.01.025.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.06.016","volume":"654","author":"DC Rambaldi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rambaldi DC, Reschiglian P, Zattoni A, Johann C. Enzymatic determination of cholesterol and triglycerides in serum lipoprotein profiles by asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation with on-line, dual detection. Anal Chim Acta. 2009;654(1):64\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2009.06.016.","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2009.06.060","volume":"654","author":"RN Qureshi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Qureshi RN, Kok WT, Schoenmakers PJ. Fractionation of human serum lipoproteins and simultaneous enzymatic determination of cholesterol and triglycerides. Anal Chim Acta. 2009;654(1):85\u201391.","journal-title":"Anal Chim Acta"},{"key":"6390_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2016.09.011","volume":"150","author":"CA Toth","year":"2017","unstructured":"Toth CA, Kuklenyik Z, Jones JI, Parks BA, Gardner MS, Schieltz DM, Rees JC, Andrews ML, McWilliams LG, Pirkle JL, Barr JR. On-column trypsin digestion coupled with LC-MS\/MS for quantification of apolipoproteins. J Proteomics. 2017;150:258\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jprot.2016.09.011.","journal-title":"J Proteomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1080\/10739149.2017.1311912","volume":"46","author":"Z Kuklenyik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kuklenyik Z, Jones JI, Toth CA, Gardner MS, Pirkle JL, Barr JR. Optimization of the linear quantification range of an online trypsin digestion coupled liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry (LC\u2013MS\/MS) platform. Instrum Sci Technol. 2017;46(1):102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10739149.2017.1311912.","journal-title":"Instrum Sci Technol"},{"key":"6390_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13361-017-1756-2","author":"MS Gardner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gardner MS, McWilliams LG, Jones JI, Kuklenyik Z, Pirkle JL, Barr JR. Simultaneous quantification of free cholesterol, cholesteryl esters, and triglycerides without ester hydrolysis by UHPLC separation and in-source collision induced dissociation coupled MS\/MS. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom. 2017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13361-017-1756-2.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Mass Spectrom"},{"key":"6390_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2019.04.041","volume":"1118","author":"MS Gardner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gardner MS, Kuklenyik Z, Lehtikoski A, Carter KA, McWilliams LG, Kusovschi J, Bierbaum K, Jones JI, Rees J, Reis G, Pirkle JL, Barr JR. Development and application of a high throughput one-pot extraction protocol for quantitative LC-MS\/MS analysis of phospholipids in serum and lipoprotein fractions in normolipidemic and dyslipidemic subjects. J Chromatogr, B: Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2019;1118:137\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jchromb.2019.04.041.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr, B: Anal Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.D010959","volume":"52","author":"L Zhang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhang L, Song J, Cavigiolio G, Ishida BY, Zhang S, Kane JP, Weisgraber KH, Oda MN, Rye KA, Pownall HJ, Ren G. Morphology and structure of lipoproteins revealed by an optimized negative-staining protocol of electron microscopy. J Lipid Res. 2011;52(1):175\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.D010959.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1007\/s12575-009-9008-x","volume":"11","author":"HP Erickson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Erickson HP. Size and shape of protein molecules at the nanometer level determined by sedimentation, gel filtration, and electron microscopy. Biol Proced Online. 2009;11(1):32\u201351.","journal-title":"Biol Proced Online"},{"key":"6390_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2010.010100","volume":"47","author":"T Sakurai","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sakurai T, Trirongjitmoah S, Nishibata Y, Namita T, Tsuji M, Hui SP, Jin S, Shimizu K, Chiba H. Measurement of lipoprotein particle sizes using dynamic light scattering. Ann Clin Biochem. 2010;47:476\u201381.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"key":"6390_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Johnson CS, Gabriel DA (2018) Laser light scattering. In: Spectroscopy in Biochemistry, vol 2. CRC Press, pp 177\u2013272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1201\/9781351076814","DOI":"10.1201\/9781351076814"},{"issue":"11","key":"6390_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7890","DOI":"10.1063\/1.466835","volume":"100","author":"BE Dahneke","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dahneke BE, Hutchins DK. Characterization of particles by modulated dynamic light scattering. I. Theory. J Chem Phys. 1994;100(11):7890\u2013902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.466835.","journal-title":"J Chem Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(79)80720-6","volume":"106","author":"JP Segrest","year":"1979","unstructured":"Segrest JP. Why high density lipoprotein: phospholipid recombinants cannot be spherical micelles. FEBS Lett. 1979;106(1):169\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-5793(79)80720-6.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"3","key":"6390_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.RA119000258","volume":"61","author":"K Niisuke","year":"2020","unstructured":"Niisuke K, Kuklenyik Z, Horvath KV, Gardner MS, Toth CA, Asztalos BF. Composition-function analysis of HDL subpopulations: influence of lipid composition on particle functionality. J Lipid Res. 2020;61(3):306\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.RA119000258.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"33","key":"6390_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19754","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)47176-7","volume":"264","author":"R Milne","year":"1989","unstructured":"Milne R, Theilis JR, Maurice R, Pease RJ, Weech PK, Rassart E, Fruchart JC, Scott J, Marcel YL. The use of monoclonal antibodies to localize the low density lipoprotein receptor-binding domain of apolipoprotein B. J Biol Chem. 1989;264(33):19754\u201360.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-5793(82)80712-6","volume":"146","author":"RW Milne","year":"1982","unstructured":"Milne RW, Marcel YL. Monoclonal antibodies against human low density lipoprotein. Stoichiometric binding studies using Fab fragments. FEBS Lett. 1982;146(1):97\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-5793(82)80712-6.","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"6","key":"6390_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M013946","volume":"52","author":"Y Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu Y, Atkinson D. Immuno-electron cryo-microscopy imaging reveals a looped topology of apoB at the surface of human LDL. J Lipid Res. 2011;52(6):1111\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.M013946.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"8051","key":"6390_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08223-0","volume":"638","author":"M Reimund","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reimund M, Dearborn AD, Graziano G, Lei H, Ciancone AM, Kumar A, Holewinski R, Neufeld EB, O\u2019Reilly FJ, Remaley AT, Marcotrigiano J. Structure of apolipoprotein B100 bound to the low-density lipoprotein receptor. Nature. 2025;638(8051):829\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-024-08223-0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"9","key":"6390_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R200004-JLR200","volume":"43","author":"KK Berneis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Berneis KK, Krauss RM. Metabolic origins and clinical significance of LDL heterogeneity. J Lipid Res. 2002;43(9):1363\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.R200004-JLR200.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"6390_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.002","volume":"73","author":"SM Grundy","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grundy SM, Stone NJ, Bailey AL, Beam C, Birtcher KK, Blumenthal RS, Braun LT, de Ferranti S, Faiella-Tommasino J, Forman DE, Goldberg R, Heidenreich PA, Hlatky MA, Jones DW, Lloyd-Jones D, Lopez-Pajares N, Ndumele CE, Orringer CE, Peralta CA, Saseen JJ, Smith SC Jr, Sperling L, Virani SS, Yeboah J. 2018 AHA\/ACC\/AACVPR\/AAPA\/ABC\/ACPM\/ADA\/AGS\/APhA\/ASPC\/NLA\/PCNA guideline on the management of blood cholesterol: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73(24):3168\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.002.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6390_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1021\/cb100361k","volume":"6","author":"P Zou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zou P, Ting AY. Imaging LDL receptor oligomerization during endocytosis using a co-internalization assay. ACS Chem Biol. 2011;6(4):308\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cb100361k.","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6390_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M300521-JLR200","volume":"45","author":"T Teerlink","year":"2004","unstructured":"Teerlink T, Scheffer PG, Bakker SJL, Heine RJ. Combined data from LDL composition and size measurement are compatible with a discoid particle shape. J Lipid Res. 2004;45(5):954\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1194\/jlr.M300521-JLR200.","journal-title":"J Lipid Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.6b08089","volume":"11","author":"S Maric","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maric S, Lind TK, Lyngso J, Cardenas M, Pedersen JS. Modeling small-angle X-ray scattering data for low-density lipoproteins: insights into the fatty core packing and phase transition. ACS Nano. 2017;11(1):1080\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.6b08089.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"issue":"12","key":"6390_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2014.04.049","volume":"106","author":"CL Oliveira","year":"2014","unstructured":"Oliveira CL, Santos PR, Monteiro AM, Figueiredo Neto AM. Effect of oxidation on the structure of human low- and high-density lipoproteins. Biophys J. 2014;106(12):2595\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2014.04.049.","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"6390_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3190217","volume":"319","author":"DF Meyer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Meyer DF, Nealis AS, Macphee CH, Groot PH, Suckling KE, Bruckdorfer KR, Perkins SJ. Time-course studies by synchrotron X-ray solution scattering of the structure of human low-density lipoprotein during Cu(2+)-induced oxidation in relation to changes in lipid composition. Biochem J. 1996;319(Pt 1):217\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bj3190217.","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"issue":"11","key":"6390_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2823","DOI":"10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315766","volume":"41","author":"M Ruuth","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruuth M, Lahelma M, Luukkonen PK, Lorey MB, Qadri S, S\u00e4devirta S, Hy\u00f6tyl\u00e4inen T, Kovanen PT, Hodson L, Yki-J\u00e4rvinen H, \u00d6\u00f6rni K. Overfeeding saturated fat increases LDL (low-density lipoprotein) aggregation susceptibility while overfeeding unsaturated fat decreases proteoglycan-binding of lipoproteins. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2021;41(11):2823\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/ATVBAHA.120.315766.","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"6390_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2019.09.011","volume":"13","author":"M Ruuth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ruuth M, Janssen LGM, \u00c4ik\u00e4s L, Tigistu-Sahle F, Nahon KJ, Ritvos O, Ruhanen H, K\u00e4kel\u00e4 R, Boon MR, \u00d6\u00f6rni K, Rensen PCN. LDL aggregation susceptibility is higher in healthy South Asian compared with white Caucasian men. J Clin Lipidol. 2019;13(6):910-919.e912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2019.09.011.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6390_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2004.03.071","volume":"101","author":"K Ikewaki","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ikewaki K, Noma K, Tohyama J, Kido T, Mochizuki S. Effects of bezafibrate on lipoprotein subclasses and inflammatory markers in patients with hypertriglyceridemia - a nuclear magnetic resonance study. Int J Cardiol. 2005;101(3):441\u20137.","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9150(01)00544-5","volume":"160","author":"JD Otvos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Otvos JD, Shalaurova I, Freedman DS, Rosenson RS. Effects of pravastatin treatment on lipoprotein subclass profiles and particle size in the PLAC-I trial. Atherosclerosis. 2002;160(1):41\u20138.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"6390_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.018","volume":"243","author":"MA Sarzynski","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sarzynski MA, Burton J, Rankinen T, Blair SN, Church TS, Despr\u00e9s JP, Hagberg JM, Landers-Ramos R, Leon AS, Mikus CR, Rao DC, Seip RL, Skinner JS, Slentz CA, Thompson PD, Wilund KR, Kraus WE, Bouchard C. The effects of exercise on the lipoprotein subclass profile: a meta-analysis of 10 interventions. Atherosclerosis. 2015;243(2):364\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2015.10.018.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"issue":"2","key":"6390_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2011.02.001","volume":"5","author":"JD Otvos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Otvos JD, Mora S, Shalaurova I, Greenland P, Mackey RH, Goff JDC. Clinical implications of discordance between LDL cholesterol and LDL particle number. J Clin Lipidol. 2011;5(2):105\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacl.2011.02.001.","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.114.000216","volume":"8","author":"P Soininen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Soininen P, Kangas AJ, W\u00fcrtz P, Suna T, Ala-Korpela M. Quantitative serum nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics in cardiovascular epidemiology and genetics. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2015;8(1):192\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCGENETICS.114.000216.","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Genet"},{"issue":"3","key":"6390_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvac204","volume":"69","author":"LR Ruhaak","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ruhaak LR, Romijn FPHTM, Begcevic Brkovic I, Kuklenyik Z, Dittrich J, Ceglarek U, Hoofnagle AN, Althaus H, Angles-Cano E, Coassin S, Delatour V, Deprez L, Dikaios I, Kostner GM, Kronenberg F, Lyle A, Prinzing U, Vesper HW, Cobbaert CM. Development of an LC-MRM-MS-based candidate reference measurement procedure for standardization of serum apolipoprotein (a) tests. Clin Chem. 2023;69(3):251\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/hvac204.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"6390_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa239","volume":"67","author":"CM Cobbaert","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cobbaert CM, Althaus H, Begcevic Brkovic I, Ceglarek U, Coassin S, Delatour V, Deprez L, Dikaios I, Dittrich J, Hoofnagle AN, Kostner GM, Kronenberg F, Kuklenyik Z, Prinzing U, Vesper HW, Zegers I, Ruhaak LR. Towards an SI-traceable reference measurement system for seven serum apolipoproteins using bottom-up quantitative proteomics: conceptual approach enabled by cross-disciplinary\/cross-sector collaboration. Clin Chem. 2021;67(3):478\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa239.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"}],"container-title":["Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06390-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06390-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06390-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T03:07:21Z","timestamp":1776136041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06390-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["6390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06390-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-2642","1618-2650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-2642","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-2650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 February 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Use of CATHGEN biospecimens and data was approved by the Duke University Health System Institutional Review Board, and all participants provided written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Human plasma samples were obtained from the CATHGEN biorepository at Duke University Medical Center, collected during diagnostic coronary artery catheterization procedures, under Institutional Review Board approval and with informed consent from all participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Source of biological material"}},{"value":"The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Use of trade names and commercial sources is for identification only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, or the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Disclaimer"}}]}}