{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:09:10Z","timestamp":1792782550843,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Bergakademie Freiberg","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/031vc2293","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anal Bioanal Chem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-026-06668-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T18:08:54Z","timestamp":1784311734000},"page":"6441-6453","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular signatures of electrochemically reduced peatland dissolved organic matter resolved by liquid chromatography Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"418","author":[{"given":"Rania","family":"Mobarak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carsten","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Guth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Klaus-Holger","family":"Knorr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximilian P.","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Oliver J.","family":"Lechtenfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"6668_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1007\/s10533-023-01084-1","volume":"167","author":"B Minasny","year":"2024","unstructured":"Minasny B, Adetsu DV, Aitkenhead M, Artz RR, Baggaley N, Barthelmes A, et al. Mapping and monitoring peatland conditions from global to field scale. Biogeochemistry. 2024;167(4):383\u2013425.","journal-title":"Biogeochemistry"},{"issue":"6817","key":"6668_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1038\/35051650","volume":"409","author":"C Freeman","year":"2001","unstructured":"Freeman C, Ostle N, Kang H. An enzymic\u2019latch\u2019on a global carbon store. Nature. 2001;409(6817):149.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"6668_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tree.2020.10.006","volume":"36","author":"DN Kothawala","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kothawala DN, Kellerman AM, Catal\u00e1n N, Tranvik LJ. Organic matter degradation across ecosystem boundaries: the need for a unified conceptualization. Trends Ecol Evol. 2021;36(2):113\u201322.","journal-title":"Trends Ecol Evol"},{"key":"6668_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2013.03.002","volume":"112","author":"MM Tfaily","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tfaily MM, Hamdan R, Corbett JE, Chanton JP, Glaser PH, Cooper WT. Investigating dissolved organic matter decomposition in northern peatlands using complimentary analytical techniques. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 2013;112:116\u201329.","journal-title":"Geochim Cosmochim Acta"},{"issue":"5","key":"6668_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1002\/jeq2.20392","volume":"51","author":"ATS Chow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chow ATS, Ulus Y, Huang G, Kline MA, Cheah WY. Challenges in quantifying and characterizing dissolved organic carbon: sampling, isolation, storage, and analysis. J Environ Qual. 2022;51(5):837\u201371.","journal-title":"J Environ Qual"},{"key":"6668_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guth P, Gao C, Knorr KH (2022) Electron accepting capacities of a wide variety of peat materials from around the globe similarly explain CO2 and CH4 formation. Global Biogeochem Cycles 37 (1):e2022GB007459.","DOI":"10.1029\/2022GB007459"},{"issue":"19","key":"6668_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8385","DOI":"10.1021\/es201981g","volume":"45","author":"M Aeschbacher","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aeschbacher M, Vergari D, Schwarzenbach RP, Sander M. Electrochemical analysis of proton and electron transfer equilibria of the reducible moieties in humic acids. Environ Sci Technol. 2011;45(19):8385\u201394.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6668_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.7b05513","volume":"52","author":"AM Kellerman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kellerman AM, Guillemette F, Podgorski DC, Aiken GR, Butler KD, Spencer RG. Unifying concepts linking dissolved organic matter composition to persistence in aquatic ecosystems. Environ Sci Technol. 2018;52(5):2538\u201348.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6668_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4916","DOI":"10.1021\/es300039h","volume":"46","author":"M Aeschbacher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Aeschbacher M, Graf C, Schwarzenbach RP, Sander M. Antioxidant properties of humic substances. Environ Sci Technol. 2012;46(9):4916\u201325.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6668_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12448","volume":"91","author":"MM Tfaily","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tfaily MM, Corbett JE, Wilson R, Chanton JP, Glaser PH, Cawley KM, et al. Utilization of PARAFAC\u2010modeled excitation\u2010emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy to identify biogeochemical processing of dissolved organic matter in a Northern Peatland. Photochem Photobiol. 2015;91(3):684\u201395.","journal-title":"Photochem Photobiol"},{"issue":"17","key":"6668_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9891","DOI":"10.1021\/es402400j","volume":"47","author":"DR Baluha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baluha DR, Blough NV, Del Vecchio R. Selective mass labeling for linking the optical properties of chromophoric dissolved organic matter to structure and composition via ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol. 2013;47(17):9891\u20137.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6668_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2667","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.9b05298","volume":"54","author":"A Zherebker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zherebker A, Shirshin E, Rubekina A, Kharybin O, Kononikhin A, Kulikova NA, et al. Optical properties of soil dissolved organic matter are related to acidic functions of its components as revealed by fractionation, selective deuteromethylation, and ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol. 2020;54(5):2667\u201377.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"22","key":"6668_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules28227541","volume":"28","author":"B Taleb","year":"2023","unstructured":"Taleb B, Jahjah R, Cornu D, Bechelany M, Al Ajami M, Kataya G, et al. Exploring hydrogen sources in catalytic transfer hydrogenation: a review of unsaturated compound reduction. Molecules. 2023;28(22): 7541.","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"6668_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dzheldybaeva IM, Kairbekov ZK, Esenalieva MZ, Kairbekov AZ, Suimbaeva SM, Abil\u2019mazhinova DZ. Humic acid modified applied palladium catalysts for nitro compounds reduction. Eng Sci. 2023;26(2):1001.","DOI":"10.30919\/es1001"},{"issue":"22","key":"6668_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7844","DOI":"10.1021\/es071389u","volume":"41","author":"N Ratasuk","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ratasuk N, Nanny MA. Characterization and quantification of reversible redox sites in humic substances. Environ Sci Technol. 2007;41(22):7844\u201350.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"6668_CR16","unstructured":"Hatcher P, Spiker E. Selective degradation of plant biomolecules. In: Frimmel FH, Christman RF, editors. Humic substances and their role in the environment. Chichester:Wiley; 1988. p. 59\u201374."},{"issue":"3","key":"6668_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy15030602","volume":"15","author":"X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Han Y, Cao Y, Ni Y, Wang D, Luan Y. The formation, stabilization mechanism, and environmental impacts of persistent free radicals in soil humic substances. Agronomy. 2025;15(3): 602.","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"issue":"1","key":"6668_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1021\/es902627p","volume":"44","author":"M Aeschbacher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aeschbacher M, Sander M, Schwarzenbach RP. Novel electrochemical approach to assess the redox properties of humic substances. Environ Sci Technol. 2010;44(1):87\u201393.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6668_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1039\/C9EM00313D","volume":"21","author":"AS Pavitt","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pavitt AS, Tratnyek PG. Electrochemical characterization of natural organic matter by direct voltammetry in an aprotic solvent. Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2019;21(10):1664\u201383.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Process Impacts"},{"issue":"23","key":"6668_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8617","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c01782","volume":"57","author":"MR Kurek","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurek MR, Garcia-Tigreros F, Nichols NA, Druschel GK, Wickland KP, Dornblaser MM, et al. High voltage: the molecular properties of redox-active dissolved organic matter in northern high-latitude lakes. Environ Sci Technol. 2023;57(23):8617\u201327.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"40","key":"6668_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15076","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c03286","volume":"57","author":"X Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao X, Dang Q, Wang Y, Zhang C, Chen Y, He L, et al. Linking redox characteristics to dissolved organic matter derived from different biowaste composts: a theoretical modeling approach based on FT\u2013ICR ms analysis. Environ Sci Technol. 2023;57(40):15076\u201386.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6668_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/1758-2229.12526","volume":"9","author":"MP Lau","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lau MP, Hupfer M, Grossart HP. Reduction\u2010oxidation cycles of organic matter increase bacterial activity in the pelagic oxycline. Environ Microbiol Rep. 2017;9(3):257\u201367.","journal-title":"Environ Microbiol Rep"},{"issue":"43","key":"6668_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23289","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c08523","volume":"59","author":"Q Ye","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ye Q, Li R, Hudson JM, Tratnyek PG, Zhu L, Xiao J, et al. Linking molecular diversity to electron transfer capacity of soil dissolved organic matter: role of molecular composition and structure. Environ Sci Technol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.est.5c08523.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"23","key":"6668_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8908","DOI":"10.1021\/ac800464g","volume":"80","author":"N Hertkorn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hertkorn N, Frommberger M, Witt M, Koch BP, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Perdue EM. Natural organic matter and the event horizon of mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2008;80(23):8908\u201319.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"3-4","key":"6668_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.marchem.2008.04.008","volume":"110","author":"RL Sleighter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sleighter RL, Hatcher PG. Molecular characterization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) along a river to ocean transect of the lower Chesapeake Bay by ultrahigh resolution electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. Mar Chem. 2008;110(3\u20134):140\u201352.","journal-title":"Mar Chem"},{"issue":"3","key":"6668_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.analchem.0c04426","volume":"93","author":"L Han","year":"2020","unstructured":"Han L, Kaesler J, Peng C, Reemtsma T, Lechtenfeld OJ. Online counter gradient LC-FT-ICR-MS enables detection of highly polar natural organic matter fractions. Anal Chem. 2020;93(3):1740\u20138.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"issue":"6","key":"6668_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1790","DOI":"10.1029\/2018JG004525","volume":"123","author":"RM Wilson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wilson RM, Tfaily MM. Advanced molecular techniques provide new rigorous tools for characterizing organic matter quality in complex systems. J Geophys Res Biogeosci. 2018;123(6):1790\u20135.","journal-title":"J Geophys Res Biogeosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"6668_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1039\/C6EM00200E","volume":"18","author":"J Raeke","year":"2016","unstructured":"Raeke J, Lechtenfeld OJ, Wagner M, Herzsprung P, Reemtsma T. Selectivity of solid phase extraction of freshwater dissolved organic matter and its effect on ultrahigh resolution mass spectra. Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2016;18(7):918\u201327.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Process Impacts"},{"issue":"3","key":"6668_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1894","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c04310","volume":"56","author":"E Jennings","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jennings E, Kremser A, Han L, Reemtsma T, Lechtenfeld OJ. Discovery of polar ozonation byproducts via direct injection of effluent organic matter with online LC-FT-ICR-MS. Environ Sci Technol. 2022;56(3):1894\u2013904.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6668_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4637","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.3c07219","volume":"58","author":"OJ Lechtenfeld","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lechtenfeld OJ, Kaesler J, Jennings EK, Koch BP. Direct analysis of marine dissolved organic matter using LC-FT-ICR MS. Environ Sci Technol. 2024;58(10):4637\u201347.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"5","key":"6668_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1430","DOI":"10.1021\/es7021413","volume":"42","author":"T Reemtsma","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reemtsma T, These A, Linscheid M, Leenheer J, Spitzy A. Molecular and structural characterization of dissolved organic matter from the deep ocean by FTICR-MS, including hydrophilic nitrogenous organic molecules. Environ Sci Technol. 2008;42(5):1430\u20137.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6668_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5236","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b00594","volume":"52","author":"N Walpen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Walpen N, Getzinger GJ, Schroth MH, Sander M. Electron-donating phenolic and electron-accepting quinone moieties in peat dissolved organic matter: quantities and redox transformations in the context of peat biogeochemistry. Environ Sci Technol. 2018;52(9):5236\u201345.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"6668_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemgeo.2018.07.029","volume":"494","author":"Y Yuan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuan Y, Cai X, Tan B, Zhou S, Xing B. Molecular insights into reversible redox sites in solid-phase humic substances as examined by electrochemical in situ FTIR and two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy. Chem Geol. 2018;494:136\u201343.","journal-title":"Chem Geol"},{"key":"6668_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2024.173807","volume":"943","author":"LV Charamba","year":"2024","unstructured":"Charamba LV, Houska T, Kaiser K, Knorr K-H, Kr\u00fcger S, Krause T, et al. Tracing sources of dissolved organic matter along the terrestrial-aquatic continuum in the Ore Mountains, Germany. Sci Total Environ. 2024;943: 173807.","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"issue":"1","key":"6668_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.13158\/heia.27.1.2014.67","volume":"27","author":"P Czarnota","year":"2014","unstructured":"Czarnota P, Kison H-U, Seelemann A. Remarkable records of lichens and lichenicolous fungi from the Harz National Park (Lower Saxony and Saxony-Anhalt, Germany). Herzogia. 2014;27(1):67\u201382.","journal-title":"Herzogia"},{"issue":"10","key":"6668_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7154","DOI":"10.1002\/wrcr.20520","volume":"49","author":"H Laudon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Laudon H, Taberman I, \u00c5gren A, Futter M, Ottosson\u2010L\u00f6fvenius M, Bishop K. The Krycklan Catchment study\u2014a flagship infrastructure for hydrology, biogeochemistry, and climate research in the boreal landscape. Water Resour Res. 2013;49(10):7154\u20138.","journal-title":"Water Resour Res"},{"issue":"71","key":"6668_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66930","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA11930A","volume":"6","author":"J Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li J, Liu G, Zhou J, Wang A, Wang J, Jin R. Redox activity of lignite and its accelerating effects on the chemical reduction of azo dye by sulfide. RSC Adv. 2016;6(71):66930\u20137.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"6668_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2018.11.004","volume":"245","author":"C Gao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gao C, Sander M, Agethen S, Knorr K-H. Electron accepting capacity of dissolved and particulate organic matter control CO2 and CH4 formation in peat soils. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 2019;245:266\u201377.","journal-title":"Geochim Cosmochim Acta"},{"key":"6668_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s11368-010-0332-1","volume":"11","author":"T Yuan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yuan T, Yuan Y, Zhou S, Li F, Liu Z, Zhuang L. A rapid and simple electrochemical method for evaluating the electron transfer capacities of dissolved organic matter. J Soils Sediments. 2011;11:467\u201373.","journal-title":"J Soils Sediments"},{"key":"6668_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gca.2013.11.009","volume":"126","author":"OJ Lechtenfeld","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lechtenfeld OJ, Kattner G, Flerus R, McCallister SL, Schmitt-Kopplin P, Koch BP. Molecular transformation and degradation of refractory dissolved organic matter in the Atlantic and Southern Ocean. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 2014;126:321\u201337.","journal-title":"Geochim Cosmochim Acta"},{"issue":"12","key":"6668_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0145639","volume":"10","author":"Y Lu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lu Y, Li X, Mesfioui R, Bauer JE, Chambers R, Canuel EA, et al. Use of ESI-FTICR-MS to characterize dissolved organic matter in headwater streams draining forest-dominated and pasture-dominated watersheds. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(12): e0145639.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6668_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7977","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-014-8249-y","volume":"406","author":"P Herzsprung","year":"2014","unstructured":"Herzsprung P, Hertkorn N, von T\u00fcmpling W, Harir M, Friese K, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Understanding molecular formula assignment of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry data of natural organic matter from a chemical point of view. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2014;406:7977\u201387.","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"key":"6668_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-8-105","volume":"8","author":"T Kind","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kind T, Fiehn O. Seven golden rules for heuristic filtering of molecular formulas obtained by accurate mass spectrometry. BMC Bioinformatics. 2007;8:1\u201320.","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"2","key":"6668_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfab036","volume":"181","author":"DM Crizer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Crizer DM, Ramaiahgari SC, Ferguson SS, Rice JR, Dunlap PE, Sipes NS, et al. Benchmark concentrations for untargeted metabolomics versus transcriptomics for liver injury compounds in in vitro liver models. Toxicol Sci. 2021;181(2):175\u201386.","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"6668_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1039\/D3EM00009E","volume":"25","author":"H Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao H, Pavitt AS, Hudson JM, Tratnyek PG, Xu W. Electron exchange capacity of pyrogenic dissolved organic matter (pyDOM): complementarity of square-wave voltammetry in DMSO and mediated chronoamperometry in water. Environ Sci Process Impacts. 2023;25(4):767\u201380.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Process Impacts"},{"issue":"19","key":"6668_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1021\/es980272q","volume":"32","author":"DT Scott","year":"1998","unstructured":"Scott DT, McKnight DM, Blunt-Harris EL, Kolesar SE, Lovley DR. Quinone moieties act as electron acceptors in the reduction of humic substances by humics-reducing microorganisms. Environ Sci Technol. 1998;32(19):2984\u20139.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"6668_CR47","unstructured":"Bard AJ, Faulkner LR, White HS. Electrochemical methods: fundamentals and applications. 3rd ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2022."},{"issue":"21","key":"6668_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12633","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.8b03261","volume":"52","author":"X Liu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liu X, Whitacre JF, Mauter MS. Mechanisms of humic acid fouling on capacitive and insertion electrodes for electrochemical desalination. Environ Sci Technol. 2018;52(21):12633\u201341.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6668_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-7037(94)90494-4","volume":"58","author":"M Ochs","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ochs M, \u0106osovi\u0107 B, Stumm W. Coordinative and hydrophobic interaction of humic substances with hydrophilic Al2O3 and hydrophobic mercury surfaces. Geochim Cosmochim Acta. 1994;58(2):639\u201350.","journal-title":"Geochim Cosmochim Acta"},{"issue":"3","key":"6668_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4203(88)90051-5","volume":"25","author":"B Raspor","year":"1988","unstructured":"Raspor B, Valenta P. Adsorption of humic substances isolated from marine and estuarine sediments. Mar Chem. 1988;25(3):211\u201326.","journal-title":"Mar Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"6668_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1021\/es061323j","volume":"41","author":"M Bauer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bauer M, Heitmann T, Macalady DL, Blodau C. Electron transfer capacities and reaction kinetics of peat dissolved organic matter. Environ Sci Technol. 2007;41(1):139\u201345.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6668_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5601","DOI":"10.1021\/es500906d","volume":"48","author":"L Kl\u00fcpfel","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kl\u00fcpfel L, Keiluweit M, Kleber M, Sander M. Redox properties of plant biomass-derived black carbon (biochar). Environ Sci Technol. 2014;48(10):5601\u201311.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"11","key":"6668_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2023JG007640","DOI":"10.1029\/2023JG007640","volume":"128","author":"N Obradovi\u0107","year":"2023","unstructured":"Obradovi\u0107 N, Joshi P, Arn S, Aeppli M, Schroth MH, Sander M. Reoxidation of reduced peat organic matter by dissolved oxygen: Combined Laboratory Column-Breakthrough Experiments and in-field push-pull tests. J Geophys Res Biogeosci. 2023;128(11):e2023JG007640.","journal-title":"J Geophys Res Biogeosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"6668_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1002\/lom3.10364","volume":"18","author":"JA Hawkes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hawkes JA, d\u2019Andrilli J, Agar JN, Barrow MP, Berg SM, Catal\u00e1n N, et al. An international laboratory comparison of dissolved organic matter composition by high resolution mass spectrometry: are we getting the same answer? Limnol Oceanogr Methods. 2020;18(6):235\u201358.","journal-title":"Limnol Oceanogr Methods"},{"issue":"10","key":"6668_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-016-9341-2","volume":"408","author":"P Herzsprung","year":"2016","unstructured":"Herzsprung P, Hertkorn N, Von T\u00fcmpling W, Harir M, Friese K, Schmitt-Kopplin P. Molecular formula assignment for dissolved organic matter (DOM) using high-field FT-ICR-MS: chemical perspective and validation of sulphur-rich organic components (CHOS) in pit lake samples. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2016;408(10):2461\u20139.","journal-title":"Anal Bioanal Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"6668_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2386","volume":"20","author":"BP Koch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koch BP, Dittmar T. From mass to structure: an aromaticity index for high\u2010resolution mass data of natural organic matter. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2006;20(5):926\u201332.","journal-title":"Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom"},{"issue":"11","key":"6668_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4193","DOI":"10.1021\/ac200464q","volume":"83","author":"E Bae","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bae E, Yeo IJ, Jeong B, Shin Y, Shin K-H, Kim S. Study of double bond equivalents and the numbers of carbon and oxygen atom distribution of dissolved organic matter with negative-mode FT-ICR MS. Anal Chem. 2011;83(11):4193\u20139.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"6668_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sav\u00e9ant J-M, Costentin C. Elements of molecular and biomolecular electrochemistry: an electrochemical approach to electron transfer chemistry. 1st ed. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 2019.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119292364"},{"key":"6668_CR59","unstructured":"Legendre P, Legendre L. Numerical ecology. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2012."},{"issue":"49","key":"6668_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26539","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.5c01998","volume":"59","author":"RR Matos","year":"2025","unstructured":"Matos RR, Craig A, Koch BP, Hawkes J, Moodie LW, Ivanova A, et al. Functional group distribution shapes chemical properties of degraded terrestrial and marine dissolved organic matter. Environ Sci Technol. 2025;59(49):26539\u201349.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"issue":"10","key":"6668_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6744","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.est.1c08927","volume":"56","author":"P Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang P, Jiang T, Cong Z, Liu G, Guo Y, Liu Y, et al. Loss and increase of the electron exchange capacity of natural organic matter during its reduction and reoxidation: the role of quinone and nonquinone moieties. Environ Sci Technol. 2022;56(10):6744\u201353.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"}],"container-title":["Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06668-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06668-y","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06668-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T07:02:55Z","timestamp":1789628575000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06668-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":61,"journal-issue":{"issue":"19","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6668"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06668-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-2642","1618-2650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-2642","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-2650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}