{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T16:18:47Z","timestamp":1788279527641,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":75,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Anal Bioanal Chem"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-026-06772-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:33:35Z","timestamp":1788276815000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recent advances in MXene-molecularly imprinted polymer hybrid nanocomposites for electrochemical detection of pandemic-related biomarkers"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Suniya","family":"Shahzad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmet","family":"Cetinkaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7494-3077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sibel A.","family":"Ozkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"6772_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3092","DOI":"10.1039\/D0MA00702A","volume":"1","author":"S Iravani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Iravani S. Nano- and biosensors for the detection of SARS-CoV-2: challenges and opportunities. Mater Adv. 2020;1:3092\u2013103. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D0MA00702A.","journal-title":"Mater Adv"},{"key":"6772_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2137","DOI":"10.1039\/C6CS00061D","volume":"45","author":"L Chen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chen L, Wang X, Lu W, Wu X, Li J. Molecular imprinting: perspectives and applications. Chem Soc Rev. 2016;45:2137\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C6CS00061D.","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"key":"6772_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3050","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.ANALCHEM.9B04328","volume":"92","author":"M Gast","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gast M, Wondany F, Raabe B, Michaelis J, Sobek H, Mizaikoff B. Use of super-resolution optical microscopy to reveal direct virus binding at hybrid core-shell matrixes. Anal Chem. 2020;92:3050\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACS.ANALCHEM.9B04328.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"6772_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3087","DOI":"10.1039\/D1AN00149C","volume":"146","author":"G Jamalipour Soufi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jamalipour Soufi G, Iravani S, Varma RS. Molecularly imprinted polymers for the detection of viruses: challenges and opportunities. Analyst. 2021;146:3087\u2013100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D1AN00149C.","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"6772_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snr.2026.100455","volume":"11","author":"S Sawan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Sawan S, Hage R-M, Maalouf R. MXene\u2013molecularly imprinted polymer electrochemical sensors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sens Actuators Rep. 2026;11:100455. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snr.2026.100455.","journal-title":"Sens Actuators Rep"},{"key":"6772_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snr.2023.100153","volume":"5","author":"L Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang L, Pagett M, Zhang W. Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical sensors and their recent advances in health applications. Sens Actuators Rep. 2023;5:100153. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snr.2023.100153.","journal-title":"Sens Actuators Rep"},{"key":"6772_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2022.115213","volume":"225","author":"S Akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc","year":"2023","unstructured":"Akg\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fc S, Denizli A. Molecular imprinting-based sensors: lab-on-chip integration and biomedical applications. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2023;225:115213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpba.2022.115213.","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"6772_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cetinkaya A, Kaya SI, Ozkan SA. A review of point-of-care and lab-on-chip approaches in molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors. Anal Chim Acta. 2025;344080. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.aca.2025.344080","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2025.344080"},{"key":"6772_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160392","volume":"507","author":"M Khan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Khan M, Sun X, Attique F, Saleh MT, Ahmad N, Atiq K, et al. MXene electrochemical sensors. Chem. Eng J. 2025;507:160392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cej.2025.160392.","journal-title":"Eng J"},{"key":"6772_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2023.108970","volume":"193","author":"A Uzunoglu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Uzunoglu A, Altuntas G, Ipekci HH, Ozoglu O. 2D materials in SARS-CoV-2 detection. Microchem J. 2023;193:108970. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2023.108970.","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"6772_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nanoms.2022.07.003","volume":"5","author":"Q Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Q, Han N, Shen Z, Li X, Chen Z, Cao Y, et al. MXene biosensors Nano Mater Sci. 2023;5:39\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nanoms.2022.07.003.","journal-title":"MXene biosensors Nano Mater Sci"},{"key":"6772_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2024.114569","volume":"12","author":"D Masekela","year":"2024","unstructured":"Masekela D, Dlamini LN. Molecularly imprinted and MXene-based electrochemical sensors for detecting pharmaceuticals and toxic compounds: a concise review. J Environ Chem Eng. 2024;12:114569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2024.114569.","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"6772_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnma.202600027","author":"A Singh","year":"2026","unstructured":"Singh A, Singh SK, Chandra P. Nanoengineered MXenes as dynamic analytical interfaces for biochemical marker analysis. ChemNanoMat. 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cnma.202600027.","journal-title":"ChemNanoMat"},{"key":"6772_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3993","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.MACROMOL.3C02595","volume":"57","author":"M Shayan Asenjan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shayan Asenjan M, Asl Farshbaf M, Razavi Aghjeh MK, Tavakoli A, Rezaei M. TPU\/MXene nanocomposites. Macromolecules. 2024;57:3993\u20134006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACS.MACROMOL.3C02595.","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"6772_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cetinkaya A, Piskin E, Saleth LR, Unal MA, Y\u0131lmazer A, Atici EB, Dhingra S, Ozkan SA. MXene MIP sensor for vericiguat. Electrochim Acta. 2026;148355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ELECTACTA.2026.148355","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ELECTACTA.2026.148355"},{"key":"6772_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27714","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSAMI.4C01973","volume":"16","author":"B Babamiri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Babamiri B, Sadri R, Farrokhnia M, Hassani M, Kaur M, Roberts EP, et al. MXene\/graphene MIP biosensor. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2024;16:27714\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACSAMI.4C01973.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"6772_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8491","DOI":"10.1021\/acsnano.9b06394","volume":"13","author":"Y Gogotsi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gogotsi Y, Anasori B. The rise of MXenes. ACS Nano. 2019;13:8491\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsnano.9b06394.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"6772_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24980","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA02951K","volume":"12","author":"T Hua","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hua T, Guo H, Qin J, Wu Q, Li L, Qian B. MXene\/graphene aerogels RSC Adv. 2022;12:24980\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D2RA02951K.","journal-title":"MXene\/graphene aerogels RSC Adv"},{"key":"6772_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110246","volume":"200","author":"C Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang C, Wang Y, Chang Y, Guo W, Li P, Qiao X, et al. 3D printed MXene MIP sensor. Microchem J. 2024;200:110246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2024.110246.","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"6772_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22832","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSANM.4C04050","volume":"7","author":"X Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang X, Wang W, Gao M, Yu H, Fu M, Chen W. CuOx\/MXene melatonin sensor. ACS Appl Nano Mater. 2024;7:22832\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACSANM.4C04050.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Nano Mater"},{"key":"6772_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2025.138943","author":"T Liao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liao T, Hou D, Huang H, Camarada MB, Liao X. A novel ratiometric molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor based on Ag and ionic liquid co-functionalized MXene for highly sensitive and selective detection of patulin. Sens Actuators B Chem. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2025.138943.","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem"},{"key":"6772_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1039\/D4EN00255E","volume":"12","author":"MH Afzal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Afzal MH, Pervaiz W, Asif M, Huang Z, Dai J, Xu Y, et al. MXenes for sensing. Environ Sci. NANO. 2025;12:121\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D4EN00255E.","journal-title":"NANO"},{"key":"6772_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1597","DOI":"10.3390\/POLYM16111597","volume":"16","author":"Y Pan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pan Y, Zhang J, Guo X, Li Y, Li L, Pan L. Conductive polymer sensors Polymers. 2024;16:1597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/POLYM16111597.","journal-title":"Conductive polymer sensors Polymers"},{"key":"6772_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOS.2021.113930","volume":"200","author":"MH Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee MH, Liu KH, Thomas JL, Chen CY, Yang CH, Lin HY. MXene peptide MIP sensor. Biosens Bioelectron. 2022;200:113930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOS.2021.113930.","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"6772_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2025.114425","volume":"215","author":"H Essousi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Essousi H, Wannassi J, Elloumi A, Ali E, Barhoumi H. PEDOT\/MXene MIP sensor. Microchem J. 2025;215:114425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2025.114425.","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"6772_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2025.116481","volume":"220","author":"J Bai","year":"2026","unstructured":"Bai J, Yang Q, Zhang J, Zhang L, An L, Peng X. MIP sensor for estradiol. Microchem J. 2026;220:116481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2025.116481.","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"6772_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-025-11955-7","volume":"61","author":"S Hao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hao S, Zhu Q, Peng X, Fan J, He Z, Li W. PPy\/MXene hybrids. J Mater Sci. 2025;61:1590\u2013607. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10853-025-11955-7.","journal-title":"J Mater Sci"},{"key":"6772_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7277","DOI":"10.1039\/D1MA00625H","volume":"2","author":"M Mozafari","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mozafari M, Soroush M. MXene functionalization Mater Adv. 2021;2:7277\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D1MA00625H.","journal-title":"MXene functionalization Mater Adv"},{"key":"6772_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/EOM2.70072","volume":"8","author":"MdS Islam","year":"2026","unstructured":"Islam MdS. Mim RR, Malitha SB, Alam MZ. Chowdhury AMS Single atom catalysis EcoMat. 2026;8:e70072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/EOM2.70072.","journal-title":"Chowdhury AMS Single atom catalysis EcoMat"},{"key":"6772_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2972","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS01487G","volume":"51","author":"J Zou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zou J, Wu J, Wang Y, Deng F, Jiang J, Zhang Y, et al. MXene intercalation. Chem Soc Rev. 2022;51:2972\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D0CS01487G.","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"key":"6772_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3834","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA06668A","volume":"14","author":"Z Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Z, Jin X, Li Y, Zhang M, Yin W, Yang Y, et al. Conductive imprinted polymeric interfacially modified electrochemical sensors based on covalently bonded layer-by-layer assembly of Gr\/Au with flower-like morphology for sensitive detection of 2,4,6-TCP. RSC Adv. 2024;14:3834\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D3RA06668A.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"6772_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Diao Z, Z Zhuang S, Yan J, Xu Y, Wu Y, Pan J, Yan M. Recognition and separation of artemisinin by GO\/MXene imprinted composite membranes. J Membr Sci. 2024;702:122795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.memsci.2024.122795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2024.122795"},{"key":"6772_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20163","DOI":"10.1039\/D4RA03095H","volume":"14","author":"AH Kamel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kamel AH, Abd-Rabboh HSM, Hefnawy A. Molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensors for chlorophenols. RSC Adv. 2024;14:20163\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D4RA03095H.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"6772_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1080\/10408347.2023.2298339","volume":"55","author":"V Thotathil","year":"2025","unstructured":"Thotathil V, Sidiq N, Al Marri JS, Zaidi SA. Molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors integrated with TMDs and MXenes: a review. Crit Rev Anal Chem. 2025;55:516\u201341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10408347.2023.2298339.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Anal Chem"},{"key":"6772_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yang F, Ma Y, Stanciu SG, Wu A. Transduction process-based classification of biosensors. Nanobiosensors: From Design to Applications. 2020:23\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9783527345137.CH2","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527345137.CH2"},{"key":"6772_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7336","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSOMEGA.3C08060","volume":"9","author":"R Singh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Singh R, Gupta R, Bansal D, Bhateria R, Sharma M. A review on recent trends and future developments in electrochemical sensing. ACS Omega. 2024;9:7336\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACSOMEGA.3C08060.","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"6772_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.CHEMREV.3C00392","volume":"124","author":"P Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang P, Zhu B, Du P, Travas-Sejdic J. Electrochemical and electrical biosensors for wearable and implantable electronics based on conducting polymers and carbon-based materials. Chem Rev. 2024;124:722\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACS.CHEMREV.3C00392.","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"key":"6772_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SBSR.2024.100635","volume":"43","author":"M Abbasi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abbasi M, Mahmoudi AR, Asadpour-Zeynali K. Fabrication of a polishable and reusable triple electrode system for electrochemical analysis. Sens Biosensing Res. 2024;43:100635. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SBSR.2024.100635.","journal-title":"Sens Biosensing Res"},{"key":"6772_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1038\/s44222-023-00032-w","volume":"1","author":"J Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu J, Liu H, Chen W, Ma B, Ju H. Device integration of electrochemical biosensors. Nat Rev Bioeng. 2023;1:346\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44222-023-00032-w.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Bioeng"},{"key":"6772_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1039\/D5AN00235D","volume":"150","author":"L Pan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pan L, Zhou D, Wang Y. Recent advances in biosensors based on electrochemical properties of MXenes. Analyst. 2025;150:2469\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D5AN00235D.","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"key":"6772_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2357","DOI":"10.3390\/S18082357","volume":"18","author":"W Nawrot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nawrot W, Drzozga K, Baluta S, Cabaj J, Malecha K. Fluorescent biosensors for detection of vital body fluids\u2019 agents. Sensors. 2018;18:2357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/S18082357.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"6772_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/S11220-023-00413-W","volume":"24","author":"N Alanazi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alanazi N, Almutairi M, Alodhayb AN. A review of quartz crystal microbalance for chemical and biological sensing applications. Sens Imaging. 2023;24:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S11220-023-00413-W.","journal-title":"Sens Imaging"},{"key":"6772_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1016\/S0956-5663(01)00220-2","volume":"16","author":"E Uttenthaler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Uttenthaler E, Schr\u00e4ml M, Mandel J, Drost S. Ultrasensitive quartz crystal microbalance sensors for detection of M13-phages. Biosens Bioelectron. 2001;16:735\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0956-5663(01)00220-2.","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"6772_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19590","DOI":"10.1039\/D2RA02985E","volume":"12","author":"ZUD Babar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Babar ZUD, Della Ventura B, Velotta R, Iannotti V. Advances in MXenes for biosensing applications. RSC Adv. 2022;12:19590\u2013610. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D2RA02985E.","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"6772_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13739","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97155-4","volume":"15","author":"Y Xie","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xie Y, Yu Y, Huang S, Wan L, Wu C, Yin C, et al. A streamlined POCT solution for infectious disease detection. Sci Rep. 2025;15:13739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-97155-4.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6772_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOS.2005.10.027","volume":"21","author":"J Wang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wang J. Electrochemical biosensors: towards point-of-care cancer diagnostics. Biosens Bioelectron. 2006;21:1887\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOS.2005.10.027.","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"6772_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSSENSORS.4C02420","volume":"10","author":"M Hadian","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hadian M, Rabbani M, Shariati L, Ghasemi F, Presley JF, Sanati A. MXene-supported MIP biosensor for CEA detection. ACS Sens. 2025;10:857\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACSSENSORS.4C02420.","journal-title":"ACS Sens"},{"key":"6772_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.3390\/bios11010003","volume":"11","author":"GT Di","year":"2021","unstructured":"Di GT, Mazzotta E, Malitesta C. Molecularly imprinted polyscopoletin sensor for lysozyme. Biosensors. 2021;11:3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios11010003.","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"6772_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOSX.2022.100219","volume":"12","author":"S Luhar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Luhar S, Ghosh R, Chatterjee PB, Srivastava DN. Boronic acid-based impedimetric sensor for spermine detection. Biosens Bioelectron X. 2022;12:100219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOSX.2022.100219.","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron X"},{"key":"6772_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16079","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.ANALCHEM.3C01715","volume":"95","author":"H Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu H, Qin W, Li X, Feng L, Gu C, Chen J, et al. MXene\/graphene MIP sensors for cortisol detection. Anal Chem. 2023;95:16079\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACS.ANALCHEM.3C01715.","journal-title":"Anal Chem"},{"key":"6772_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nxmate.2026.101739","volume":"11","author":"S Paul Saikat","year":"2026","unstructured":"Paul Saikat S, Al Miad A, Kawcher Alam M, Mohammed Bahadur N, Ahmed S, Sahadat HM. A review on biosensors in healthcare. Next Mater. 2026;11:101739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nxmate.2026.101739.","journal-title":"Next Mater"},{"key":"6772_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TALANTA.2023.125100","volume":"266","author":"Z Shi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shi Z, Wang Z, Li K, Wang Y, Li Z, Zhu Z. MXene fibers-based molecularly imprinted disposable electrochemical sensor for hydrocortisone. Talanta. 2024;266:125100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TALANTA.2023.125100.","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"6772_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11786","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSANM.5C00215","volume":"8","author":"Y Shao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Shao Y, Kang M, Feng H, Hao C, Rong X, Zhao H, et al. MIP sensor based on MXene nanocarriers for TBBPA. ACS Appl Nano Mater. 2025;8:11786\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACSANM.5C00215.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Nano Mater"},{"key":"6772_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/S00604-026-07887-X","volume":"193","author":"M Jia","year":"2026","unstructured":"Jia M, Li Y, Qin Z, Li L, Peng L, Yang M, et al. MIP electrochemical sensors for protein detection. Microchim Acta. 2026;193:119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/S00604-026-07887-X.","journal-title":"Microchim Acta"},{"key":"6772_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOS.2021.113482","volume":"192","author":"X Mi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mi X, Li H, Tan R, Feng B, Tu Y. MXene\/aptamer biosensors with HCR amplification. Biosens Bioelectron. 2021;192:113482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOS.2021.113482.","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"6772_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.microc.2025.113048","volume":"211","author":"M Salayani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Salayani M, Sany SBT, Afshari A, Noori SM, Meshkat Z, Mohammadinejad A, et al. MXene\/MWCNT MIP sensor for histamine detection. Microchem J. 2025;211:113048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.microc.2025.113048.","journal-title":"Microchem J"},{"key":"6772_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12467","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSOMEGA.2C00638","volume":"7","author":"S Madhurantakam","year":"2022","unstructured":"Madhurantakam S, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. Electrochemical biosensing trends for COVID-19 biomarkers. ACS Omega. 2022;7:12467\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACSOMEGA.2C00638.","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"6772_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16980","DOI":"10.1021\/ACSNANO.5C03194","volume":"19","author":"Y Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Y, Zhang X, Liu Y, et al. MXene\/gold nanoparticle biosensor for serum biomarkers. ACS Nano. 2025;19:16980\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACSNANO.5C03194.","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"6772_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.3390\/BIOS15030194","volume":"15","author":"Y Chen","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chen Y, He Z, Wu Y, Bai X, Li Y, Yang W, et al. Wearable MIP electrochemical sensor for cortisol. Biosensors. 2025;15:194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/BIOS15030194.","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"6772_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-026-01729-3","volume":"9","author":"S Madhu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Madhu S, Ramasamy S, Seo JC, Jeong D, Park J-A, Ryoo S, et al. Self-transducing PB@MWCNTs-based immunosensor for mediator-free and clinically validated SARS-CoV-2 detection. Adv Compos Hybrid Mater. 2026;9:183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s42114-026-01729-3.","journal-title":"Adv Compos Hybrid Mater"},{"key":"6772_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118800","volume":"308","author":"S Omal Surya Souraph","year":"2026","unstructured":"Omal Surya Souraph S, Verma D, Kalkal A, Packirisamy G. Nanostructured 2D\/2D titanium carbide MXene and graphitic carbon nitride heterojunctions for label-free salivary detection of TNF-\u03b1. Biosens Bioelectron. 2026;308:118800. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2026.118800.","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"6772_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.snb.2025.137805","volume":"439","author":"Y Seo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Seo Y, Kim J, Kim H, Jang JW, Jung HG, Park D, et al. Molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor for IL-6 detection with senescence cell models. Sens Actuators B Chem. 2025;439:137805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.snb.2025.137805.","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem"},{"key":"6772_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.119681","volume":"13","author":"Q Yu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yu Q, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang B, He J, Chen X. Magnetic MXene\/methylene blue nanocomposite-based ratiometric electrochemical biosensor for the reliable and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in wastewater. J Environ Chem Eng. 2025;13:119681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jece.2025.119681.","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng"},{"key":"6772_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.141496","volume":"463","author":"Y Liu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Liu Y, Meng X, Ma Z, Gu H, Luo X, Yin X, et al. Hybrid recognition-enabled ratiometric electrochemical sensing of Staphylococcus aureus via in-situ growth of MOF\/Ti3C2Tx-MXene and a self-reporting bacterial imprinted polymer. Food Chem. 2025;463:141496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.foodchem.2024.141496.","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"6772_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.3390\/bios15070433","volume":"15","author":"Y He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He Y, Zhu J, Li L, You T, Chen X. Ratiometric MXene\/PEI-MWCNT MIP sensor. Biosensors. 2025;15:433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bios15070433.","journal-title":"Biosensors"},{"key":"6772_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.BIOS.2021.113029","volume":"178","author":"A Raziq","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raziq A, Kidakova A, Boroznjak R, Reut J, \u00d6pik A, Syritski V. Development of a portable MIP-based electrochemical sensor for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen. Biosens Bioelectron. 2021;178:113029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.BIOS.2021.113029.","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"6772_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.SNB.2021.131160","volume":"353","author":"AG Ayankojo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ayankojo AG, Boroznjak R, Reut J, \u00d6pik A, Syritski V. Molecularly imprinted polymer-based electrochemical sensor for quantitative detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Sens Actuators B Chem. 2022;353:131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.SNB.2021.131160.","journal-title":"Sens Actuators B Chem"},{"key":"6772_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ELECTACTA.2021.139581","volume":"403","author":"V Ratautaite","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ratautaite V, Boguzaite R, Brazys E, Ramanaviciene A, Ciplys E, Juozapaitis M, et al. Molecularly imprinted polypyrrole-based sensor for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. Electrochim Acta. 2022;403:139581. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.ELECTACTA.2021.139581.","journal-title":"Electrochim Acta"},{"key":"6772_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.TALANTA.2025.128573","volume":"297","author":"M Gharibi","year":"2026","unstructured":"Gharibi M, Cetinkaya A, Gurbuz HN, Uzunoglu A, Bellur Atici E, Ozkan SA. MXene-supported MIP sensor for roxadustat detection. Talanta. 2026;297:128573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.TALANTA.2025.128573.","journal-title":"Talanta"},{"key":"6772_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.MOLLIQ.2025.129078","volume":"443","author":"S Pakapongpan","year":"2026","unstructured":"Pakapongpan S, Poo-arporn Y, Poo-arporn RP. MXene MIP sensor for tau protein. J Mol Liq. 2026;443:129078. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.MOLLIQ.2025.129078.","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"6772_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7326","DOI":"10.1021\/acsabm.0c01083","volume":"3","author":"A Parihar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Parihar A, Ranjan P, Sanghi SK, Srivastava AK, Khan R. Point-of-care biosensor-based diagnosis of COVID-19 holds promise to combat current and future pandemics. ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2020;3:7326\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsabm.0c01083.","journal-title":"ACS Appl Bio Mater"},{"key":"6772_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5062","DOI":"10.1021\/ACS.EST.1C04705","volume":"56","author":"LR Lara-Jacobo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lara-Jacobo LR, Islam G, Desaulniers JP, Kirkwood AE, Simmons DBD. SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater detection. Environ Sci Technol. 2022;56:5062\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ACS.EST.1C04705.","journal-title":"Environ Sci Technol"},{"key":"6772_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113729","volume":"196","author":"MA Tabrizi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tabrizi MA, Fern\u00e1ndez-Bl\u00e1zquez JP, Medina DM, Acedo P. MIP electrochemical sensor for SARS-CoV-2 RBD. Biosens Bioelectron. 2022;196:113729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bios.2021.113729.","journal-title":"Biosens Bioelectron"},{"key":"6772_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1637","DOI":"10.3390\/s25061637","volume":"25","author":"J Yang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Yang J, Zhao Z, Ma T, Bai J. Aptamer fluorescent sensor for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Sensors. 2025;25:1637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/s25061637.","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"6772_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33406","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-18753-w","volume":"15","author":"NA Natraj","year":"2025","unstructured":"Natraj NA, Mubarakali A, Alagarsamy M, Al-Shamri MYH, Dhivya R. Metasurface biosensor for COVID-19 detection. Sci Rep. 2025;15:33406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-18753-w.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06772-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06772-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06772-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T15:33:36Z","timestamp":1788276816000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06772-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"references-count":75,"alternative-id":["6772"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-026-06772-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1618-2642","1618-2650"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1618-2642","type":"print"},{"value":"1618-2650","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 August 2026","order":2,"name":"revised","label":"Revised","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2026","order":3,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 September 2026","order":4,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Sibel Ozkan is a member of\n                      ABC\n                      \u2019s International Advisory Board but was not involved in the peer review of this paper. All other authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This review study did not include human participants, human data, human tissue, or animals; ethical approval was not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical declaration","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}