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However, the analytical performance of MIP-based sensors is not determined by molecular recognition alone, but by how effectively the imprinted material is engineered and integrated within the sensing interface. Against this background, this review provides a performance-oriented analysis of strategies developed to improve MIP-based sensors by correlating specific material and device-design approaches with measurable sensing outcomes. After outlining the analytical and operational criteria used to evaluate sensor performance, the review examines how different engineering strategies address distinct performance-limiting factors, including restricted analyte accessibility, slow mass transport, binding-site heterogeneity, weak signal generation, and limited regeneration. Nanoscale and ultrathin MIP formats are discussed as approaches to improve binding-site accessibility and response dynamics, while oriented imprinting, template engineering, and solid-phase synthesis are examined as routes to enhance binding-site homogeneity and recognition reproducibility. Stimuli-responsive materials are considered for their ability to introduce active functionality into the recognition layer, enabling signal amplification, reversible target binding, and interface regeneration. By linking design strategies to sensor-level performance benefits and remaining operational limitations, this review provides a framework for evaluating how MIP engineering can contribute to more sensitive, reproducible, and functionally robust sensing platforms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-026-06798-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T08:52:59Z","timestamp":1789116779000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Towards engineering molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensors: linking design strategies to analytical and operational performance"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5605-4980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alice","family":"Marinangeli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra Maria","family":"Bossi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"6798_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3698","DOI":"10.1021\/ac9811827","volume":"71","author":"S Kr\u00f6ger","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kr\u00f6ger S, Turner APF, Mosbach K, Haupt K. 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