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Using time-of-flight mass cytometry (CyTOF), we quantitatively assessed the\u00a0association and distribution of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in murine breast cancer 4T1 cells and various immune cell populations in whole blood. Our findings reveal significant variability in gold nanoparticle accumulation across different cell types. In vitro, 4T1 cells co-cultured with 0.1\u00a0nM AuNPs had a median gold mass of 0.214\u00a0pg per cell which increased proportionally and significantly (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001) to 2.418\u00a0pg per cell when exposed to 1\u00a0nM AuNPs. Regarding immune cell populations in mouse blood directly exposed to 0.1\u00a0nM AuNPs, heterogeneity in nanoparticle association varied across immune cell populations. We observed diverse levels of gold association (median, range pg\/cell) in NK cells (0.0132, 0.0014\u20130.0265), dendritic cells (0.0131, 0.0004\u20130.0272), monocytes (0.0121, 0.0006\u20130.0272), granulocytes (0.0126, 0.0004\u20130.0272), B cells (0.0099, 0.0003\u20130.0274), CD4 T cells (0.0072, 0.0004\u20130.0226), and CD8 T cells (0.0062, 0.0006\u20130.1113). However, the single cell analysis revealed a monocyte subpopulation had the greatest association with AuNPs with almost 2 orders of magnitude greater association than NK cell median. These findings highlight the heterogeneous association of AuNPs with immune cell subsets in blood. This observation suggests that monocytes and dendritic cells display a higher propensity for interacting with and internalizing the nanoparticles, potentially due to specific receptor-mediated interactions and internalization mechanisms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-026-06842-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T03:09:14Z","timestamp":1790564954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Quantitative single cell analysis of gold nanoparticle association across a mouse triple-negative breast cancer cell line and blood immune cell populations"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Quy Van-Chanh","family":"Le","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randall","family":"Grose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sonia","family":"Sebastian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anh Thai-Quynh","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tyron","family":"Turnbull","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hien","family":"Le","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan","family":"Kempson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"6842_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejmp.2018.03.004","volume":"47","author":"D Peukert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peukert D, Kempson I, Douglass M, Bezak E. 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The whole blood of a BALB\/c female mouse was collected under anesthesia and was immediately euthanized once blood was collected.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}