{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T10:57:42Z","timestamp":1791111462762,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,24]],"date-time":"2007-08-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1187913600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Brain Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-1091-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,23]],"date-time":"2007-08-23T09:04:57Z","timestamp":1187859897000},"page":"193-200","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["TMS of the occipital cortex induces tactile sensations in the fingers of blind Braille readers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"184","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Ptito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Fumal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. Martens","family":"de Noordhout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Schoenen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Gjedde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Kupers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1091_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/114.6.2505","volume":"114","author":"VE Amassian","year":"1991","unstructured":"Amassian VE, Somasundaram M, Rothwell JC, Britton T, Cracco JB, Cracco RQ, Maccabee PJ, Day BL (1991) Paraesthesias are elicited by single pulse, magnetic coil stimulation of motor cortex in susceptible humans. Brain 114:2505\u20132520","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1091_CR2","first-page":"159","volume":"93","author":"RA Andersen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andersen RA, Buneo CA (2003) Sensorimotor integration in the posterior parietal cortex. Adv Neurol 93:159\u2013177","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"1091_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2003.10.013","volume":"7","author":"P Bach-y-Rita","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bach-y-Rita P, Kercel S (2003) Sensory substitution and the human\u2013machine interface. Trends Cogn Sci 7:541\u2013546","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"1091_CR4","first-page":"261","volume":"11","author":"AT Barker","year":"1985","unstructured":"Barker AT, Jalinous R, Freeston IL (1985) Non-invasive magnetic stimulation of human motor cortex. Lancet 11:261\u2013263","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1091_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn848","volume":"3","author":"D Bavelier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bavelier D, Neville HJ (2002) Cross-modal plasticity: where and how? Nat Rev Neurosci 3:443\u2013452","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1091_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00198-2","volume":"29","author":"F Bremmer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bremmer F, Schlack A, Shah NJ, Zafiris O, kubishik M, Hoffmann K, Zilles K, Fink GR (2001) Polymodal motion processing in posterior parietal and premotor cortex: a human fMRI study strongly implies equivalencies between humans and monkeys. Neuron 29:287\u2013296","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1091_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10637","volume":"460","author":"B Brett-Green","year":"2003","unstructured":"Brett-Green B, Fifkova E, Larue DT, Winer JA, Barth DS (2003) A multisensory zone in rat parietotemporal cortex: intra- and extracellular physiology and thalamocortical connections. J Comp Neurol 460:223\u2013237","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"1091_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.3.409","volume":"121","author":"C Buchel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Buchel C, Price C, Frackowiak RS, Friston K (1998) Different activation patterns in the visual cortex of late and congenitally blind subjects. Brain 121:409\u2013419","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1091_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00285.2001","volume":"87","author":"H Burton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Burton H, Snyder AZ, Conturo TE, Akbudak E, Ollinger JM, Raichle ME (2002) Adaptive changes in early and late blind: a fMRI study of Braille reading. J Neurophysiol 87:589\u2013607","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1091_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20064","volume":"23","author":"H Burton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Burton H, Sinclair RJ, McLaren DG (2004) Cortical activity to vibrotactile stimulation: an fMRI study in blind and sighted individuals. Hum Brain Mapp 23:210\u2013228","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"1091_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/38278","volume":"389","author":"LG Cohen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cohen LG, Celnik P, Pascual-Leone A, Cornwell B, Faiz L, Dambrosia J, Honda M, Sadato N, Gerloff C, Catala MD, Hallett M (1997) Functional relevance of cross-modal plasticity in the blind. Nature 389:180\u2013183","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1091_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200009280-00044","volume":"11","author":"A Cowey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cowey A, Walsh V (2000) Magnetically induced phosphenes in sighted, blind and blindsighted observers. Neuroreport 11:3269\u20133273","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"1091_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1998.79.1.126","volume":"79","author":"JR Duhamel","year":"1998","unstructured":"Duhamel JR, Colby C, Goldberg ME (1998) Ventral intraparietal area of the macaque: congruent visual and somatic responses. J Neurophysiol 79:126\u2013136","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1091_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5749","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-13-05749.2002","volume":"22","author":"A Falchier","year":"2002","unstructured":"Falchier A, Clavagnier S, Barone P, Kennedy HJ (2002) Anatomical evidence of multimodal integration in primate striate cortex. Neuroscience 22:5749\u20135759","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"1091_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf045","volume":"125","author":"J Gothe","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gothe J, Brandt SA, Irlbacher K, Roricht S, Sabel B, Meyer BU (2002) Changes in visual cortex excitability in blind subjects as demonstrated by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain 125:479\u2013490","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1091_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2002.02139.x","volume":"16","author":"MC Hagen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hagen MC, Franzen O, McGlone F, Essick G, Dancer C, Pardo JV (2002) Tactile motion activates the human middle temporal\/V5 (MT\/V5) complex. Eur J Neurosci 16:957\u2013964","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"1091_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023308401356","volume":"18","author":"S Hurley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hurley S, No\u00eb A (2003) Neural plasticity and consciousness. Biol Phil 18:131\u2013168","journal-title":"Biol Phil"},{"key":"1091_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00235723","volume":"42","author":"J Hyvarinen","year":"1981","unstructured":"Hyvarinen J, Hyvarinen L, Linnankoski I (1981) Modification of parietal association cortex and functional blindness after binocular deprivation in young monkeys. Exp Brain Res 42:1\u20138","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1091_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(00)00513-7","volume":"112","author":"T Kammer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kammer T, Beck S, Thielscher A, Laubis-Herrmann U, Topka H (2001) Motor thresholds in humans: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study comparing different pulse waveforms, current directions and stimulator types. Clin Neurophysiol 112:250\u2013258","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1091_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-1992-0","volume":"160","author":"T Kammer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kammer T, Puls K, Erb M, Grodd W (2005) Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the visual system. II. Characterization of induced phosphenes and scotomas. Exp Brain Res 160:129\u2013140","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1091_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13256","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0602925103","volume":"103","author":"R Kupers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kupers R, Fumal A, de Noordhout AM, Gjedde A, Schoenen J, Ptito M (2006) Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the visual cortex induces somatotopically organized qualia in blind subjects. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:13256\u201313260","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1091_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000255958.60530.11","volume":"68","author":"R Kupers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kupers R, Pappens M, Ptito M, Fumal A (2007) The effects of rTMS over occipital cortex on repetition priming in early blind subjects. Neurology 68:691\u2013693","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1091_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1964.27.4.546","volume":"27","author":"B Libet","year":"1964","unstructured":"Libet B, Alberts WW, Wright EW Jr, Delattre LD, Levin G, Feinstein B (1964) Production of threshold levels of conscious sensation by electrical stimulation of human somatosensoty cortex. J. Neurophysiol 27:546\u2013578","journal-title":"J. Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1091_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2085","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awm121","volume":"130","author":"Y Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu Y, Yu C, Liang M, Li J, Tian L, Zhou Y, Qin W, Li K, Jiang T (2007) Whole brain functional connectivity in the early blind. Brain 130:2085\u20132096","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1091_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2006.04678.x","volume":"23","author":"L N\u00e9gyessy","year":"2006","unstructured":"N\u00e9gyessy L, Nepusz T, Kossis L, Bazso F (2006) Prediction of the main cortical areas and connections involved in the tactile function of the visual cortex by network analysis. Eur J Neurosci 23:1919\u20131930","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"1091_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2005.06.053","volume":"15","author":"U Noppeney","year":"2005","unstructured":"Noppeney U, Friston KJ, Ashburner J, Frackowiak R, Price CJ (2005) Early visual deprivation induces structural plasticity in gray and white matter. Curr Biol 15:488\u2013490","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"1091_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.5.916","volume":"124","author":"H Olausson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Olausson H, Ha B, Duncan GH, Morin C, Ptito A, Ptito M, Marchand S, Bushnell MC (2001) Cortical activation by tactile and painful stimuli in hemispherectomized patients. Brain 124:916\u2013927","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1091_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","volume":"9","author":"RC Oldfield","year":"1971","unstructured":"Oldfield RC (1971) The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 9:97\u2013113","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"1091_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1017\/S0140525X01000115","volume":"24","author":"JK O\u2019Regan","year":"2001","unstructured":"O\u2019Regan JK, Noe A (2001) A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness. Behav Brain Sci 24:939\u2013973","journal-title":"Behav Brain Sci"},{"key":"1091_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199911000-00024","volume":"76","author":"A Ortiz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ortiz A, Chang ST, Legge GE, Jobling JT (1999) Reading with a head-mounted video magnifier. Optom Vis Sci 76:755\u2013763","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"1091_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219635205000951","volume":"4","author":"M Ptito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ptito M, Kupers R (2005) Cross-modal plasticity in early blindness. J Integr Neurosci 4:479\u2013488","journal-title":"J Integr Neurosci"},{"key":"1091_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511499722.007","volume-title":"Lifespan development and the brain","author":"M Ptito","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ptito M, Desgent S (2006) Sensory input-based adaptation and brain architecture. In: Baltes P, Reuter-Lorenz P, Rosler F (eds) Lifespan development and the brain. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 111\u2013133"},{"key":"1091_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(01)34029-3","volume":"134","author":"M Ptito","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ptito M, Gigu\u00e8re J-F, Boire D, Frost DO, Casanova C (2001) When the auditory cortex turns visual. Prog Brain Res 134:447\u2013458","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"1091_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh380","volume":"128","author":"M Ptito","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ptito M, Moesgaard SM, Gjedde A, Kupers R (2005) Cross-modal plasticity revealed by electrotactile stimulation of the tongue in the congenitally blind. Brain 128:606\u2013614","journal-title":"Brain"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1091_CR38","first-page":"S109","volume":"36","author":"M Ptito","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ptito M, Schneider F, Paulson O, Kupers R (2007) The blind\u2019s brain: a voxel-based morphometry analysis. Neuroimage 36 (Suppl 1):S109","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1091_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0616-2","volume":"176","author":"A Rao","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rao A, Nobre AC, Alexander I, Cowey A (2007) Auditory evoked visual awareness following sudden ocular blindness: an EEG and TMS investigation. Exp Brain Res 176:288\u2013298","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1091_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-8760(03)00121-1","volume":"50","author":"KS Rockland","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rockland KS, Ojima H (2003) Multisensory convergence in calcarine visual areas in macaque monkey. Int J Psychophysiol 50:19\u201326","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"1091_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511499722.008","volume-title":"Lifespan development and the brain","author":"B R\u00f6der","year":"2006","unstructured":"R\u00f6der B (2006) Blindness: a source and case for neuronal plasticity. In: Baltes P, Reuter-Lorenz P, Rosler F (eds) Lifespan development and the brain. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 134\u2013155"},{"key":"1091_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858405277314","volume":"11","author":"N Sadato","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sadato N (2005) How the blind \u201csee\u201d Braille: lessons from functional magnetic resonance imaging. Neuroscientist 11:577\u2013582","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"1091_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1038\/380526a0","volume":"380","author":"N Sadato","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sadato N, Pascual-Leone A, Grafman J, Ibanez V, Deiber MP, Dold G, Hallett M (1996) Activation of the primary visual cortex by Braille reading in blind subjects. Nature 380:526\u2013528","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1091_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/121.7.1213","volume":"121","author":"N Sadato","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sadato N, Pascual-Leone A, Grafman J, Deiber MP, Ibanez V, Hallett M (1998) Neural networks for Braille reading by the blind. Brain 121:1213\u20131229","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1091_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.2002.1111","volume":"16","author":"N Sadato","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sadato N, Okada T, Honda M, Yonekura Y (2002) Critical period for cross-modal plasticity in blind humans: a functional MRI study. Neuroimage 16:389\u2013400","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1091_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.20056","volume":"46","author":"K Sathian","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sathian K (2005) Visual cortical activity during tactile perception in the sighted and visually deprived. Dev Psychobiol 46:279\u2013286","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol"},{"key":"1091_CR47","first-page":"6","volume":"240","author":"F Schneider","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schneider F, Kupers R, Ptito M (2006) MRI voxel-based morphometry reveals reduced visual pathways in early blind humans. Soc Neurosci Abst 240:6","journal-title":"Soc Neurosci Abst"},{"key":"1091_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhj102","volume":"16","author":"JS Shimony","year":"2005","unstructured":"Shimony JS, Burton H, Epstein AA, McLaren DG, Sun SW, Snyder AZ (2005) Diffusion tensor imaging reveals white matter reorganization in early blind humans. Cereb Cortex 16:1653\u20131661","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"1091_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199305000-00027","volume":"4","author":"M Sugishita","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sugishita M, Takayama Y (1993) Paraesthesia elicited by repetitive magnetic stimulation of the postcentral gyrus. Neuroreport 4:569\u2013570","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"1091_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2462279","volume":"242","author":"M Sur","year":"1988","unstructured":"Sur M, Garraghty PE, Roe AW (1988) Experimentally induced visual projections into auditory thalamus and cortex. Science 242:1437\u20131441","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1091_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e362","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pbio.0030362","volume":"3","author":"M Tegenthoff","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tegenthoff M, Ragert P, Pleger B, Schwenkreis P, F\u00f6rster AF, Nicolas V, Dinse HR (2005) Improvement of tactile discrimination performance and enlargement of cortical somatosensory maps after 5\u00a0Hz rTMS. PLoS Biol 3:e362. Epub 2005 Oct 18","journal-title":"PLoS Biol"},{"key":"1091_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2167","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0305697101","volume":"101","author":"MT Wallace","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wallace MT, Ramachandran R, Stein B (2004) A revised view of sensory cortical parcellation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101:2167\u20132172","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1091_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1923","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03630.x","volume":"20","author":"GF Wittenberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wittenberg GF, Werhahn KJ, Wasserman EM, Herscovitch P, Cohen LG (2004) Functional connectivity between somatosensory and visual cortex in early blind humans. Eur J Neurosci 20:1923\u20131927","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Experimental Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-007-1091-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00221-007-1091-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-007-1091-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T11:13:08Z","timestamp":1558696388000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00221-007-1091-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,24]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]}},"alternative-id":["1091"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-007-1091-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4819","1432-1106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,24]]}}}