{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T07:46:42Z","timestamp":1791100002282,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,10]],"date-time":"2008-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1199923200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Brain Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-007-1257-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,9]],"date-time":"2008-01-09T02:25:35Z","timestamp":1199845535000},"page":"551-560","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Isolating global and specific factors in developmental dyslexia: a study based on the rate and amount model (RAM)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"186","author":[{"given":"Pierluigi","family":"Zoccolotti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Judica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"Spinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1257_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2006.05.001","volume":"98","author":"L Barca","year":"2006","unstructured":"Barca L, Burani C, Di Filippo G, Zoccolotti P (2006) Italian developmental dyslexic and proficient readers: where are the differences? Brain Lang 98:347\u2013351","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"1257_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03195761","volume":"29","author":"E Bates","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bates E, Burani C, D\u2019Amico S, Barca L (2001) Word reading and picture naming in Italian. Mem Cogn 29:986\u2013999","journal-title":"Mem Cogn"},{"key":"1257_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1080\/713755740","volume":"50","author":"DVM Bishop","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bishop DVM (1997) Cognitive neuropsychology and developmental disorders: uncomfortable bedfellows. Q J Exp Psychol A 50:899\u2013923","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol A"},{"key":"1257_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnn.0000213902.59827.19","volume":"19","author":"D Brizzolara","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brizzolara D, Pecini C, Chilosi A, Cipriani P, Gasperini F, Mazzotti S, Di Filippo G, Zoccolotti P (2006) Do phonological and rapid automatized naming deficits differentially affect dyslexic children with and without a history of language delay? A study on Italian dyslexic children. Cogn Behav Neurol 19:141\u2013149","journal-title":"Cogn Behav Neurol"},{"key":"1257_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(86)90007-7","volume":"24","author":"P Bryant","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bryant P, Impey L (1986) The similarities between normal readers and developmental and acquired dyslexics. Cognition 24:121\u2013137","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"1257_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0277(93)90003-E","volume":"47","author":"A Castles","year":"1993","unstructured":"Castles A, Coltheart M (1993) Varieties of developmental dyslexia. Cognition 47:149\u2013180","journal-title":"Cognition"},{"key":"1257_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/123.2.291","volume":"123","author":"L Cohen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cohen L, Dehaene S, Naccache L, Leh\u00e9ricy S, Dehaene-Lambertz G, H\u00e9naff MA, Michel F (2000) The visual word form area. Spatial and temporal characterization of an initial stage of reading in normal subjects and posterior split-brain patients. Brain 123:291\u2013307","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1257_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf094","volume":"125","author":"L Cohen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cohen L, Leh\u00e9ricy S, Chochon F, Lemer C, Rivaud S, Dehaene S (2002) Language-specific tuning of visual cortex? Functional properties of the visual word form area. Brain 125:1054\u20131069","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1257_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.108.1.204","volume":"108","author":"M Coltheart","year":"2001","unstructured":"Coltheart M, Rastle K, Perry C, Langdon R, Ziegler J (2001) DRC: a dual route cascaded model of visual word recognition and reading aloud. Psychol Rev 108:204\u2013256","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1257_CR10","volume-title":"Prove di lettura MT. Guida all\u2019uso","author":"C Cornoldi","year":"1981","unstructured":"Cornoldi C, Colpo G, Gruppo MT (1981) Prove di lettura MT. Guida all\u2019uso. Organizzazioni Speciali, Florence"},{"key":"1257_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/09297040500346571","volume":"12","author":"G Di Filippo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Di Filippo G, De Luca M, Judica A, Spinelli D, Zoccolotti P (2006) Lexicality and stimulus length effects in Italian dyslexics: role of the over-additivity effect. Child Neuropsychol 12:141\u2013149","journal-title":"Child Neuropsychol"},{"key":"1257_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.125.6.777","volume":"125","author":"ME Faust","year":"1999","unstructured":"Faust ME, Balota DA, Spieler DH, Ferraro FR (1999) Individual differences in information-processing rate and amount: implications for group differences in response latency. Psychol Bull 125:777\u2013799","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"1257_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2004.08.026","volume":"24","author":"AE Hillis","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hillis AE, Newhart M, Heidler J, Barker P, Herskovits E, Degaonkar M (2005) The roles of the \u201cvisual word form area\u201d in reading. Neuroimage 24:548\u2013559","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1257_CR14","volume-title":"VELI, Vocabolario Elettronico della Lingua Italiana","author":"IBM Italia","year":"1989","unstructured":"IBM Italia (1989) VELI, Vocabolario Elettronico della Lingua Italiana. IBM, Milano"},{"key":"1257_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.2307\/747877","volume":"29","author":"MH Ijzendoorn","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ijzendoorn MH, Bus AG (1994) Meta-analytic confirmation of the nonword reading deficit in developmental dyslexia. Read Res Q 29:266\u2013275","journal-title":"Read Res Q"},{"key":"1257_CR16","volume-title":"Routes to reading success and failure: toward an integrated cognitive psychology of atypical reading","author":"NE Jackson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jackson NE, Coltheart M (2001) Routes to reading success and failure: toward an integrated cognitive psychology of atypical reading. Psychology Press, New York"},{"key":"1257_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1016\/S1053-8119(03)00343-4","volume":"20","author":"G Jobard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jobard G, Crivello F, Tzourio-Mazoyer N (2003) Evaluation of the dual route theory of reading: a metanalysis of 35 neuroimaging studies. Neuroimage 20:693\u2013712","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"1257_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1080\/09602010244000002","volume":"12","author":"A Judica","year":"2002","unstructured":"Judica A, De Luca M, Spinelli D, Zoccolotti P (2002) Training of developmental surface dyslexia improves reading performance and shortens eye fixation duration in reading. Neuropsychol Rehabil 12:177\u2013197","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rehabil"},{"key":"1257_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.30.6.949","volume":"30","author":"R Kail","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kail R, Hall LK (1994) Processing speed, naming speed, and reading. Dev Psychol 30:949\u2013954","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"1257_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.03.010","volume":"44","author":"M Kronbichler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kronbichler M, Hutzler F, Staffen W, Ladurner G, Wimmer H (2006) Evidence for a dysfunction of left posterior reading in German dyslexic readers. Neuropsychologia 44:1822\u20131832","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"1257_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2006.04.003","volume":"98","author":"VEG Martens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martens VEG, de Jong PF (2006) The effect of word length on lexical decision in dyslexic and normal reading children. Brain Lang 98:140\u2013149","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"1257_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.90.2.279","volume":"90","author":"JL Metsala","year":"1998","unstructured":"Metsala JL, Stanovich KE, Brown GDA (1998) Regularity effects and the phonological deficit model of reading disabilities: a meta-analytic review. J Educ Psychol 90:279\u2013293","journal-title":"J Educ Psychol"},{"key":"1257_CR23","first-page":"27","volume":"176","author":"CA Pruneti","year":"1985","unstructured":"Pruneti CA (1985) Dati normativi del test PM 47 Coloured su un campione di bambini italiani. Boll Psicol Appl 176:27\u201335","journal-title":"Boll Psicol Appl"},{"key":"1257_CR24","first-page":"29","volume":"27","author":"JP Rack","year":"1992","unstructured":"Rack JP, Snowling MJ, Olson RK (1992) The nonword reading deficit in developmental dyslexia: a review. Read Res Q 27:29\u201352","journal-title":"Read Res Q"},{"key":"1257_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Reinke K, Fernandes M, Schwindt G, O\u2019Craven K, Grady CL (2007) Functional specificity of the visual word form area: general activation for words and symbols but specific network activation for words. Brain Lang. doi: 10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.04.006","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2007.04.006"},{"key":"1257_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1076\/jcen.24.7.858.8392","volume":"24","author":"TA Salthouse","year":"2002","unstructured":"Salthouse TA, Hedden T (2002) Interpreting reaction time measures in between-group comparisons. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 24:858\u2013872","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"1257_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.6.2.174","volume":"6","author":"JG Snodgrass","year":"1980","unstructured":"Snodgrass JG, Vanderwart M (1980) A standardized set of 260 pictures: Norms for name agreement, image agreement, familiarity, and visual complexity. J Exp Psychol Hum Learn Mem 6:174\u2013215","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Learn Mem"},{"key":"1257_CR28","volume-title":"Dyslexia","author":"MJ Snowling","year":"2000","unstructured":"Snowling MJ (2000) Dyslexia. Blackwell, Oxford"},{"key":"1257_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-0663.86.1.24","volume":"86","author":"KE Stanovitch","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stanovitch KE, Siegel LS (1994) The phenotypic performance profile of reading-disabled children: a regression-based test of the phonological-core variable-difference model. J Educ Psychol 86:24\u201353","journal-title":"J Educ Psychol"},{"key":"1257_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716400010122","volume":"14","author":"H Wimmer","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wimmer H (1993) Characteristics of developmental dyslexia in a regular writing system. Appl Psycholinguist 14:1\u201333","journal-title":"Appl Psycholinguist"},{"key":"1257_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-0965(03)00139-5","volume":"86","author":"JC Ziegler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ziegler JC, Perry C, Ma-Wyatt A, Ladner D, Schulte-K\u00f6rne G (2003) Developmental dyslexia in different languages: language-specific or universals J Exp Child Psychol 86:169\u2013193","journal-title":"J Exp Child Psychol"},{"key":"1257_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandl.2004.10.010","volume":"93","author":"P Zoccolotti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zoccolotti P, De Luca M, Di Pace E, Gasperini F, Judica A, Spinelli D (2005) Word length effect in early reading and in developmental dyslexia. Brain Lang 93:369\u2013373","journal-title":"Brain Lang"},{"key":"1257_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1017\/S0142716499002027","volume":"20","author":"P Zoccolotti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zoccolotti P, De Luca M, Di Pace E, Judica A, Orlandi M, Spinelli D (1999) Markers of developmental surface dyslexia in a language (Italian) with high grapheme-phoneme correspondence. Appl Pyscholinguist 20:191\u2013216","journal-title":"Appl Pyscholinguist"}],"container-title":["Experimental Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-007-1257-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00221-007-1257-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-007-1257-9","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T07:13:14Z","timestamp":1558681994000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00221-007-1257-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1257"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-007-1257-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4819","1432-1106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,1,10]]}}}