{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,25]],"date-time":"2025-10-25T12:02:12Z","timestamp":1761393732264},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,30]],"date-time":"2008-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1225324800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Brain Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1614-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,29]],"date-time":"2008-10-29T04:10:55Z","timestamp":1225253455000},"page":"225-237","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Rebound responses to prolonged flexor reflex stimuli in human spinal cord injury"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Ming","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer H.","family":"Kahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T. George","family":"Hornby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian D.","family":"Schmit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1614_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2004.07.003","volume":"115","author":"OK Andersen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andersen OK, Finnerup NB, Spaich EG, Jensen TS, Arendt-Nielsen L (2004) Expansion of nociceptive withdrawal reflex receptive fields in spinal cord injured humans. Clin Neurophysiol 115:2798\u20132810","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1614_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2004.01.033","volume":"86","author":"EN Benz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Benz EN, Hornby TG, Bode RK, Scheidt RA, Schmit BD (2005) A physiologically based clinical measure for spastic reflexes in spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 86:52\u201359","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1614_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1912.sp001504","volume":"44","author":"TG Brown","year":"1912","unstructured":"Brown TG, Sherrington CS (1912) The rule of reflex response in the limb reflexes of the mammal and its exceptions. J Physiol 44:125\u2013130","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1614_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050847","volume":"128","author":"RE Burke","year":"1999","unstructured":"Burke RE (1999) The use of state-dependent modulation of spinal reflexes as a tool to investigate the organization of spinal interneurons. Exp Brain Res 128:263\u2013277","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1614_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(89)90127-5","volume":"22","author":"B Bussel","year":"1989","unstructured":"Bussel B, Roby-Brami A, Yakovleff A, Bennis N (1989) Late flexor reflex in paraplegic patients. Evidence for a spinal stepping generator. Brain Res Bull 22:53\u201356","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"1614_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/117.5.1143","volume":"117","author":"B Calancie","year":"1994","unstructured":"Calancie B, Needham-Shropshire B, Jacobs P, Willer K, Zych G, Green BA (1994) Involuntary stepping after chronic spinal cord injury. Evidence for a central rhythm generator for locomotion in man. Brain 117:1143\u20131159","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1614_CR7","volume-title":"Selected writings of Sir Charles Sherrington","author":"D Denny-Brown","year":"1940","unstructured":"Denny-Brown D (1940) Selected writings of Sir Charles Sherrington. Paul B. Hoeber, Inc, New York"},{"key":"1614_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2005.01.060","volume":"380","author":"KM Deutsch","year":"2005","unstructured":"Deutsch KM, Hornby TG, Schmit BD (2005) The intralimb coordination of the flexor reflex response is altered in chronic human spinal cord injury. Neurosci Lett 380:305\u2013310","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"1614_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410380621","volume":"38","author":"V Dietz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Dietz V (1995) Locomotor training in paraplegic patients. Ann Neurol 38:965","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1614_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2626","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf273","volume":"125","author":"V Dietz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dietz V, Muller R, Colombo G (2002) Locomotor activity in spinal man: significance of afferent input from joint and load receptors. Brain 125:2626\u20132634","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1614_CR11","first-page":"199","volume":"9","author":"RM Eccles","year":"1959","unstructured":"Eccles RM, Lundberg A (1959) Synaptic actions in motoneurones by afferents which may evoke the flexion reflex. Arch Ital Biol 9:199\u2013211","journal-title":"Arch Ital Biol"},{"key":"1614_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.23752","volume":"82","author":"EC Field-Fote","year":"2001","unstructured":"Field-Fote EC (2001) Combined use of body weight support, functional electric stimulation, and treadmill training to improve walking ability in individuals with chronic incomplete spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 82:818\u2013824","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1614_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(199802)21:2<166::AID-MUS3>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"21","author":"M Gregoric","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gregoric M (1998) Suppression of flexor reflex by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in spinal cord injured patients. Muscle Nerve 21:166\u2013172","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"1614_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(78)90973-3","volume":"146","author":"S Grillner","year":"1978","unstructured":"Grillner S, Rossignol S (1978) On the initiation of the swing phase of locomotion in chronic spinal cats. Brain Res 146:269\u2013277","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"1614_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1997.77.2.797","volume":"77","author":"SJ Harkema","year":"1997","unstructured":"Harkema SJ, Hurley SL, Patel UK, Requejo PS, Dobkin BH, Edgerton VR (1997) Human lumbosacral spinal cord interprets loading during stepping. J Neurophysiol 77:797\u2013811","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1614_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00341.2006","volume":"96","author":"PJ Harvey","year":"2006","unstructured":"Harvey PJ, Li X, Li Y, Bennett DJ (2006) Endogenous monoamine receptor activation is essential for enabling persistent sodium currents and repetitive firing in rat spinal motoneurons. J Neurophysiol 96:1171\u20131186","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1614_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199412000-00012","volume":"26","author":"CJ Heckman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Heckman CJ (1994) Alterations in synaptic input to motoneurons during partial spinal cord injury. Med Sci Sports Exerc 26:1480\u20131490","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"1614_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1996.75.3.1126","volume":"75","author":"GW Hiebert","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hiebert GW, Whelan PJ, Prochazka A, Pearson KG (1996) Contribution of hind limb flexor muscle afferents to the timing of phase transitions in the cat step cycle. J Neurophysiol 75:1126\u20131137","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1614_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1574","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.8.1574","volume":"54","author":"LP Hiersemenzel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hiersemenzel LP, Curt A, Dietz V (2000) From spinal shock to spasticity: neuronal adaptations to a spinal cord injury. Neurology 54:1574\u20131582","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1614_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3375","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00152.2004","volume":"92","author":"TG Hornby","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hornby TG, Tysseling-Mattiace VM, Benz EN, Schmit BD (2004) Contribution of muscle afferents to prolonged flexion withdrawal reflexes in human spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol 92:3375\u20133384","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1614_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2005.102046","volume":"571","author":"TG Hornby","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hornby TG, Kahn JH, Wu M, Schmit BD (2006) Temporal facilitation of spastic stretch reflexes following human spinal cord injury. J Physiol 571:593\u2013604","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1614_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00979.2001","volume":"89","author":"TG Hornby","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hornby TG, Rymer WZ, Benz EN, Schmit BD (2003) Windup of flexion reflexes in chronic human spinal cord injury: A marker for neuronal plateau potentials? J Neurophysiol 89:416\u2013426","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1614_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(81)90072-2","volume":"4","author":"E Jankowska","year":"1981","unstructured":"Jankowska E, Lundberg A (1981) Inter neurons in the spinal cord. Trends Neurosci 4:230\u2013233","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"1614_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03636.x","volume":"70","author":"E Jankowska","year":"1967","unstructured":"Jankowska E, Jukes MG, Lund S, Lundberg A (1967a) The effect of DOPA on the spinal cord. 5. Reciprocal organization of pathways transmitting excitatory action to alpha motoneurones of flexors and extensors. Acta Physiol Scand 70:369\u2013388","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"1614_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1967.tb03637.x","volume":"70","author":"E Jankowska","year":"1967","unstructured":"Jankowska E, Jukes MG, Lund S, Lundberg A (1967b) The effect of DOPA on the spinal cord. 6. Half-centre organization of interneurones transmitting effects from the flexor reflex afferents. Acta Physiol Scand 70:389\u2013402","journal-title":"Acta Physiol Scand"},{"key":"1614_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(92)90024-9","volume":"38","author":"E Jankowska","year":"1992","unstructured":"Jankowska E (1992) Interneuronal relay in spinal pathways from proprioceptors. Prog Neurobiol. 38:335\u2013378","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol."},{"key":"1614_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2074","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.71.6.2074","volume":"71","author":"DJ Kriellaars","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kriellaars DJ, Brownstone R, Noga BR, Jordan LM (1994) Mechanical entrainment of fictive locomotion in the decerebrate cat. J Neurophysiol 71:2074\u20132086","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1614_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.3.1321","volume":"86","author":"T Lam","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lam T, Pearson KG (2001) Proprioceptive modulation of hip flexor activity during the swing phase of locomotion in decerebrate cats. J Neurophysiol 86:1321\u20131332","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1614_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-002-1236-0","volume":"147","author":"T Lam","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lam T, Pearson KG (2002) Sartorius muscle afferents influence the amplitude and timing of flexor activity in walking decerebrate cats. Exp Brain Res 147:175\u2013185","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1614_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60803-1","volume":"50","author":"A Lundberg","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lundberg A (1979) Multisensory control of spinal reflex pathways. Reflex control of posture and movement. Prog Brain Res 50:11\u201328","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"1614_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awh073","volume":"127","author":"P Nickolls","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nickolls P, Collins DF, Gorman RB, Burke D, Gandevia SC (2004) Forces consistent with plateau-like behaviour of spinal neurons evoked in patients with spinal cord injuries. Brain 127:660\u2013670","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"1614_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00461.2007","volume":"98","author":"T Onushko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Onushko T, Schmit BD (2007) Reflex responses to imposed bilateral hip oscillations in human spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol 98:1849\u20131861","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1614_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.00389.x","volume":"528","author":"MY Pang","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pang MY, Yang JF (2000) The initiation of the swing phase in human infant stepping: importance of hip position and leg loading. J Physiol 528:389\u2013404","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1614_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1991.66.6.1874","volume":"66","author":"KG Pearson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pearson KG, Rossignol S (1991) Fictive motor patterns in chronic spinal cats. J Neurophysiol 66:1874\u20131887","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1614_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.sc.3101453","volume":"41","author":"A P\u00e9pin","year":"2003","unstructured":"P\u00e9pin A, Ladouceur M, Barbeau H (2003) Treadmill walking in incomplete spinal-cord-injured subjects: 2. Factors limiting the maximal speed. Spinal Cord 41:271\u2013279","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"key":"1614_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2005.11.003","volume":"77","author":"G Sandrini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sandrini G, Serrao M, Rossi P, Romaniello A, Cruccu G, Willer JC (2005) The lower limb flexor reflex in humans. Prog Neurobiol 77:353\u2013395","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"1614_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2003.08.087","volume":"85","author":"SM Schindler-Ivens","year":"2004","unstructured":"Schindler-Ivens SM, Shields RK (2004) Soleus H-reflex recruitment is not altered in persons with chronic spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 85:840\u2013847","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1614_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4598(200005)23:5<793::AID-MUS18>3.0.CO;2-T","volume":"23","author":"BD Schmit","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schmit BD, McKenna-Cole A, Rymer WZ (2000) Flexor reflexes in chronic spinal cord injury triggered by imposed ankle rotation. Muscle Nerve 23:793\u2013803","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"1614_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-002-1134-5","volume":"145","author":"BD Schmit","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schmit BD, Benz EN (2002) Extensor reflexes in human spinal cord injury: activation by hip proprioceptors. Exp Brain Res 145:520\u2013527","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1614_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00924.2002","volume":"90","author":"BD Schmit","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schmit BD, Hornby TG, Tysseling-Mattiace VM, Benz EN (2003) Absence of local sign withdrawal in chronic human spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol 90:3232\u20133241","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1614_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.34.5.616","volume":"34","author":"BT Shahani","year":"1971","unstructured":"Shahani BT, Young RR (1971) Human flexor reflexes. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 34:616\u2013627","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1614_CR43","first-page":"465","volume":"55","author":"BT Shahani","year":"1974","unstructured":"Shahani BT, Young RR (1974) Management of flexor spasms with Lioresal. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 55:465\u2013467","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"1614_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1906.0036","volume":"77B","author":"C Sherrington","year":"1906","unstructured":"Sherrington C (1906) On the innervation of antagonistic muscles. Ninth notes. Successive spinal induction. Proc Roy Soc 77B:478\u2013497","journal-title":"Proc Roy Soc"},{"key":"1614_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1910.sp001362","volume":"40","author":"C Sherrington","year":"1910","unstructured":"Sherrington C (1910) Flexion reflex of the limb, crossed extension\u2013flexion, and reflex stepping and standing. J Physiol 40:28\u2013121","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1614_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00677.2003","volume":"92","author":"RS Steldt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Steldt RS, Schmit BD (2004) Modulation of coordinated muscle activity during imposed sinusoidal hip movements in human spinal cord injury. J Neurophysiol 92:673\u2013685","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"Pt. 2","key":"1614_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2006.124123","volume":"580","author":"RD Theiss","year":"2007","unstructured":"Theiss RD, Kuo JJ, Heckman CJ (2007) Persistent inward currents in rat ventral horn neurones. J Physiol 580(Pt. 2):507\u2013522","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"1614_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-002-1366-4","volume":"149","author":"HW Crommert Van de","year":"2003","unstructured":"Van de Crommert HW, Steijvers PJ, Mulder T, Duysens J (2003) Suppressive musculocutaneous reflexes in tibialis anterior following upper leg stimulation at the end of the swing phase. Exp Brain Res 149:405\u2013412","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1614_CR49","unstructured":"Winter DA (1991) Biomechanics and motor control of human gait: normal, elderly and pathological, 2nd edn. Waterloo Biomechanics, Waterloo"},{"key":"1614_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-2173-x","volume":"162","author":"M Wu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wu M, Hornby TG, Hilb J, Schmit BD (2005) Extensor spasms triggered by imposed knee extension in chronic human spinal cord injury. Exp Brain Res 162:239\u2013249","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1614_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-0113-z","volume":"168","author":"M Wu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wu M, Hornby TG, Kahn JH, Schmit BD (2006) Flexor reflex responses triggered by imposed knee extension in chronic human spinal cord injury. Exp Brain Res 168:566\u2013576","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"1614_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(98)00081-1","volume":"58","author":"EP Zehr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zehr EP, Stein RB (1999) What functions do reflexes serve during human locomotion? Prog Neurobiol 58:185\u2013205","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"}],"container-title":["Experimental Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-008-1614-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00221-008-1614-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-008-1614-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T07:13:04Z","timestamp":1558681984000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00221-008-1614-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,30]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,2]]}},"alternative-id":["1614"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-008-1614-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4819","1432-1106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,30]]}}}