{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,13]],"date-time":"2026-05-13T06:42:40Z","timestamp":1778654560157,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,2]],"date-time":"2014-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393718400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Brain Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-3888-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,3]],"date-time":"2014-03-03T19:34:19Z","timestamp":1393875259000},"page":"1989-1997","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Phosphene-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation of occipital but not parietal cortex suppresses stimulus visibility"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"232","author":[{"given":"Evelina","family":"Tapia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Mazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvia","family":"Savazzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane M.","family":"Beck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"3888_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e22342","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0022342","volume":"6","author":"A Abrahamayan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abrahamayan A, Clifford CWG, Ruzzoli M, Phillips D, Arabzadeh E et al (2011) Accurate and rapid estimation of phosphene thresholds (REPT). PLoS One 6:e22342","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3888_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0253","volume":"364","author":"M Ahissar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ahissar M, Nahum M, Nelken I, Hochstein S (2009) Reverse hierarchies and sensory learning. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 364:285\u2013299","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"3888_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-5597(89)90036-1","volume":"74","author":"VE Amassian","year":"1989","unstructured":"Amassian VE, Cracco RQ, Maccabee PJ, Cracco JB, Rudell A, Eberle L (1989) Suppression of visual perception by magnetic coil stimulation of human occipital cortex. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 74:458\u2013462","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"3888_CR4","first-page":"3P","volume":"369","author":"AT Barker","year":"1985","unstructured":"Barker AT, Freeston IL, Jalinous R, Merton PA, Morton HB (1985) Magnetic stimulation of the human brain. J Physiol (Lond) 369:3P","journal-title":"J Physiol (Lond)"},{"key":"3888_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00085-6","volume":"36","author":"J Bullier","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bullier J (2001) Integrated model of visual processing. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 36:96\u2013107","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"3888_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2631","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199908200-00035","volume":"10","author":"E Corthout","year":"1999","unstructured":"Corthout E, Uttl B, Walsh V, Hallett M, Cowey A (1999a) Timing of activity in early visual cortex as revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation. NeuroReport 10:2631\u20132634","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"3888_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(98)00088-8","volume":"37","author":"E Corthout","year":"1999","unstructured":"Corthout E, Uttl B, Ziemann U, Cowey A, Hallett M (1999b) Two periods of processing in the (circum)striate visual cortex as revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuropsychologia 37:137\u2013145","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"3888_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3269","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200009280-00044","volume":"11","author":"A Cowey","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cowey A, Walsh V (2000) Magnetically induced phosphenes in sighter, blind and blindsighted observers. Neuroreport 11:3269\u20133273","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"3888_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.10.020","volume":"61","author":"TA Graaf de","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Graaf TA, Goebel R, Sack AT (2011a) Feedforward and quick recurrent processes in early visual cortex revealed by TMS? Neuroimage 61:651\u2013659","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"3888_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-010-2512-z","volume":"209","author":"TA Graaf de","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Graaf TA, Herring J, Sack AT (2011b) A chronometric exploration of high-resolution \u2018sensitive TMS masking\u2019 effects on subjective and objective measures of vision. Exp Brain Res 209:19\u201327","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"3888_CR11","first-page":"481","volume":"129","author":"V Lollo Di","year":"2000","unstructured":"Di Lollo V, Enns JT, Rensink RA (2000) Competition for consciousness among visual events: the psychophysics of reentrant processes. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Psychol 129:481\u2013507","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Psychol"},{"key":"3888_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1488","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2007.19.9.1488","volume":"9","author":"JJ Fahrenfort","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fahrenfort JJ, Scholte HS, Lamme VAF (2007) Masking disrupts reentrant processing in human visual cortex. J Cogn Neurosci 9:1488\u20131497","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"3888_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/1.1.1","volume":"1","author":"D Felleman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Felleman D, Van Essen D (1991) Distributed hierarchical processing in the primate cerebral cortex. Cereb Cortex 1:1\u201347","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"3888_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-299X(02)00189-7","volume":"10","author":"E Fernandez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fernandez E, Alfaro A, Tormos JM, Climent R, Martinez M, Vilanova H, Walsh V, Pascual-Leone A (2002) Mapping of the human visual cortex using image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Res Brain Res Protoc 10:115\u2013124","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Protoc"},{"key":"3888_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00177.x","volume":"12","author":"DH Ffytche","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ffytche DH, Howseman A, Edwards R, Sandeman DR, Zeki S (2000) Human area V5 and motion in the ipsilateral visual Weld. Eur J Neurosci 12:3015\u20133025","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"11","key":"3888_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27204","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027204","volume":"6","author":"PJ Fried","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fried PJ, Elkin-Frankston S, Rushmore RJ, Hilgetag CC, Valero-Cabre A (2011) Characterization of visual percepts evoked by noninvasive stimulation of the human posterior parietal cortex. PLoS One 6(11):e27204","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"3888_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(77)90517-0","volume":"131","author":"CG Gross","year":"1977","unstructured":"Gross CG, Bender DB, Mishkin M (1977) Contributions of the corpus callosum and the anterior commissure to visual activation of inferior temporal neurons. Brain Res 131:227\u2013239","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"3888_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1038\/35018000","volume":"406","author":"M Hallett","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hallett M (2000) Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain. Nature 406:147\u2013150","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"3888_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1023\/B:BRAT.0000006333.93597.9d","volume":"16","author":"U Herwig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Herwig U, Satrapi P, Schonfeldt-Lecuona C (2003) Using the international 10-20 EEG system for positioning of transcranial magnetic stimulation. Brain Topogr 16:95\u201399","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"3888_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01091-7","volume":"36","author":"S Hochstein","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hochstein S, Ahissar M (2002) View from the top: hierarchies and reverse hierarchies in the visual system. Neuron 36:791\u2013804","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"3888_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.07.090","volume":"59","author":"C Jacobs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jacobs C, Goebel R, Sack AT (2012) Visual awareness suppression by pre-stimulus brain stimulation: a neural effect. Neuroimage 59:616\u2013624","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"3888_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"767","DOI":"10.1038\/11245","volume":"2","author":"Y Kamitani","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kamitani Y, Shimojo S (1999) Manifestation of scotomas created by transcranial magnetic stimulation of human visual cortex. Nat Neurosci 2:767\u2013771","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3888_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0028-3932(98)00093-1","volume":"37","author":"T Kammer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kammer T (1999) Phosphenes and transient scotomas induced by magnetic stimulation of the occipital lobe: their topographic relationship. Neuropsychologia 37:191\u2013198","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"3888_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.2478\/v10053-008-0023-2","volume":"3","author":"T Kammer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kammer T (2007) Visual masking by transcranial magnetic stimulation in the first 80 milliseconds. Adv Cogn Psychol 3:177\u2013179","journal-title":"Adv Cogn Psychol"},{"key":"3888_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-1992-0","volume":"160","author":"T Kammer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kammer T, Puls K, Erb M, Grodd W (2005a) Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the visual system. II. Characterization of induced phosphenes and scotomas. Exp Brain Res 160:129\u2013140","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"3888_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-1991-1","volume":"160","author":"T Kammer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kammer T, Puls K, Strasburger H, Hill NJ, Wichmann FA (2005b) Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the visual system. I. The psychophysics of visual suppression. Exp Brain Res 160:118\u2013128","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"3888_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050251","volume":"118","author":"S Kastner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kastner S, Demmer I, Ziemann U (1998) Transient visual field defects induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation over human occipital pole. Exp Brain Res 118:19\u201326","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"3888_CR28","unstructured":"Knight R, Mazzi C, Savazzi S (2013) Shining new light on dark perceptions: visual percepts induced by TMS of the occipital cortex. Poster presented at the annual Cognitive Neuroscience Society (CNS) meeting. San Francisco, CA, April 13\u201316"},{"key":"3888_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.02.042","volume":"51","author":"M Koivisto","year":"2010","unstructured":"Koivisto M, M\u00e4ntyl\u00e4 T, Silvanto J (2010) The role of early visual cortex (V1\/V2) in conscious and unconscious visual perception. Neuroimage 51:828\u2013834","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"3888_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2010.09.001","volume":"20","author":"M Koivisto","year":"2011","unstructured":"Koivisto M, Railo H, Salminen-Vaparanta N (2011) Transcranial magnetic stimulation of early visual cortex interferes with subjective visual awareness and objective forced-choice performance. Conscious Cogn 20:288\u2013298","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"3888_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"623","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2011.07973.x","volume":"35","author":"M Koivisto","year":"2012","unstructured":"Koivisto M, M\u00e4ntyl\u00e4 T, Silvanto J (2012) Unconscious response priming by shape depends on geniculostriate visual projection. Eur J Neurosci 35:623\u2013633","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"3888_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1038\/nn2036","volume":"11","author":"CS Konen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Konen CS, Kastner S (2008) Two hierarchically organized neural systems for object information in human visual cortex. Nat Neurosci 11:224\u2013231","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3888_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01657-X","volume":"23","author":"VAF Lamme","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lamme VAF, Roelfsema PR (2000) The distinct modes of vision offered by feedforward and recurrent processing. Trends Neurosci 23:571\u2013579","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"3888_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1002\/1096-9861(20001204)428:1<79::AID-CNE7>3.0.CO;2-Q","volume":"428","author":"JW Lewis","year":"2000","unstructured":"Lewis JW, Van Essen DC (2000) Mapping of architectonic subdivisions in the macaque monkey, with emphasis on parieto-occipital cortex. J Comp Neurol 428:79\u2013111","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"3888_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.2478\/v10053-008-0020-5","volume":"3","author":"S Macknik","year":"2007","unstructured":"Macknik S, Martinez-Conde S (2007) The role of feedback in visual masking and visual processing. Adv Cogn Psychol 3:125\u2013152","journal-title":"Adv Cogn Psychol"},{"key":"3888_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/00006324-199405000-00001","volume":"71","author":"E Marg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marg E, Rudiak D (1994) Phosphenes induced by magnetic stimulation over the occipital brain: description and probable site of stimulation. Optom Vis Sci 71:301\u2013311","journal-title":"Optom Vis Sci"},{"key":"3888_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-4328(82)90070-5","volume":"4","author":"CA Marzi","year":"1982","unstructured":"Marzi CA, Antonini A, Di Stefano M, Legg CR (1982) The contribution of the corpus callosum to receptive Welds in the lateral suprasylvian visual areas of the cat. Behav Brain Res 4:155\u2013176","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"3888_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1496-4","volume":"192","author":"C Marzi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marzi C, Mancini F, Savazzi S (2009) Interhemispheric transfer of phosphenes generated by occipital versus parietal transcranial magnetic stimulation. Exp Brain Res 192:431\u2013441","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"3888_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/11140","volume":"2","author":"M Morgan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morgan M (1999) Making holes in the visual world. Nat Neurosci 2:685\u2013686","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"3888_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2005.11.001","volume":"44","author":"GA Orban","year":"2006","unstructured":"Orban GA, Claeys K, Nelissen K, Smans R, Sunaert S, Todd JT, Wardak C, Durand JB, Vanduffel W (2006) Mapping the parietal cortex of human and non-human primates. Neuropsychologia 44:2647\u20132667","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"3888_CR41","first-page":"620","volume":"3","author":"M Panichello","year":"2012","unstructured":"Panichello M, Cheung O, Bar M (2012) Predictive feedback and conscious visual experience. Front Psychol 3:620","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"3888_CR42","unstructured":"Parks NA, Beck D, Low KA, Maclin EL, Tapia E, Savazzi S, Mazzi C, Fabiani M, Gratton G (2013) Dynamic measurement of functional connectivity using simultaneous fast optical imaging and magnetic stimulation. Talk presented at the annual Society for Psychophysiological Research (SPR) meeting, Florence, Italy, October 2\u20136"},{"key":"3888_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2010.12.001","volume":"48","author":"H Railo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Railo H, Koivisto M (2012) Two means of suppressing visual awareness: a direct comparison of visual masking and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Cortex 48:333\u2013343","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"3888_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.07.030","volume":"44","author":"AT Sack","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sack AT, van der Mark T, Schuhmann T, Schwarzbach J, Goebel R (2009) Symbolic action priming relies on intact neural transmission along the retino-geniculo-striate pathway. Neuroimage 44:284\u2013293","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"3888_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"488","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2009.08.005","volume":"13","author":"MA Silver","year":"2009","unstructured":"Silver MA, Kastner S (2009) Topographic maps in human frontal and parietal cortex. Trends Cogn Sci 13:488\u2013495","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"3888_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01316.2004","volume":"94","author":"MA Silver","year":"2005","unstructured":"Silver MA, Ress D, Heeger DJ (2005) Topographic maps of visual spatial attention in human parietal cortex. J Neurophysiol 94:1358\u20131371","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"3888_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.04.004","volume":"118","author":"MG Stokes","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stokes MG, Chambers CD, Gould IC, English T, McNaught E, McDonald O, Mattingley JB (2007) Distance-adjusted motor threshold for transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clin Neurophysiol 118:1617\u20131625","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"3888_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5326","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0991-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"JD Swisher","year":"2007","unstructured":"Swisher JD, Halko MA, Merabet LB, McMains SA, Somers DC (2007) Visual topography of human intraparietal sulcus. J Neurosci 27:5326\u20135337","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"3888_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp102","volume":"20","author":"A Thielscher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Thielscher A, Reichenbach A, U\u011furbil K, Uluda\u011f K (2010) The cortical site of visual suppression by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Cereb Cortex 20:328\u2013338","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"3888_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/4.5.470","volume":"4","author":"MJ Webster","year":"1994","unstructured":"Webster MJ, Bachevalier J, Ungerleider LG (1994) Connections of inferior temporal areas TEO and TE with parietal and frontal cortex in macaque monkeys. Cereb Cortex 4:470\u2013483","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-3923-z","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,11]],"date-time":"2014-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1397174400000}}],"container-title":["Experimental Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-014-3888-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00221-014-3888-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-014-3888-y","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T07:23:09Z","timestamp":1558682589000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00221-014-3888-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3888"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-014-3888-y","relation":{"correction":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.1007\/s00221-014-3923-z","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0014-4819","1432-1106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,2]]}}}