{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T18:24:00Z","timestamp":1793384640765,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]],"date-time":"2017-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1485475200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003354","name":"Garnett Passe and Rodney Williams Memorial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L2907 RP228"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2907 RP228"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003354","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["632746"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["632746"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["App1046826"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["App1046826"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Brain Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-017-4874-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]],"date-time":"2017-01-27T06:23:09Z","timestamp":1485498189000},"page":"957-972","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["The new vestibular stimuli: sound and vibration\u2014anatomical, physiological and clinical evidence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"235","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9416-5038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ian S.","family":"Curthoys","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"4874_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903440402","volume":"344","author":"AM Brichta","year":"1994","unstructured":"Brichta AM, Peterson EH (1994) Functional architecture of vestibular primary afferents from the posterior semicircular canal of a turtle, Pseudemys (trachemys) scripta elegans. J Comp Neurol 344:481\u2013507. doi: 10.1002\/cne.903440402","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"4874_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e318294e3d2","volume":"34","author":"AM Burgess","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burgess AM, Mezey LE, Manzari L, MacDougall HG, McGarvie LA, Curthoys IS (2013) Effect of stimulus rise-time on the ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential to bone-conducted vibration. Ear Hear 34:799\u2013805. doi: 10.1097\/AUD.0b013e318294e3d2","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"4874_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200405000-00024","volume":"25","author":"JP Carey","year":"2004","unstructured":"Carey JP, Hirvonen TP, Hullar TE, Minor LB (2004) Acoustic responses of vestibular afferents in a model of superior canal dehiscence. Otol Neurotol 25:345\u2013352","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"4874_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18775","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.3140-13.2013","volume":"33","author":"BP Chagnaud","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chagnaud BP, Bass AH (2013) Vocal corollary discharge communicates call duration to vertebrate auditory system. J Neurosci 33:18775\u201318780. doi: 10.1523\/jneurosci.3140-13.2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4874_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.8.1635","volume":"42","author":"JG Colebatch","year":"1992","unstructured":"Colebatch JG, Halmagyi GM (1992) Vestibular evoked potentials in human neck muscles before and after unilateral vestibular deafferentation. Neurology 42:1635\u20131636. doi: 10.1212\/WNL.42.8.1635","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4874_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.2.190","volume":"57","author":"JG Colebatch","year":"1994","unstructured":"Colebatch JG, Halmagyi GM, Skuse NF (1994) Myogenic potentials generated by a click-evoked vestibulocollic reflex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57:190\u2013197. doi: 10.1136\/jnnp.57.2.190","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"4874_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1833","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.55.12.1833","volume":"55","author":"PD Cremer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cremer PD, Minor LB, Carey JP, Della Santina CC (2000) Eye movements in patients with superior canal dehiscence syndrome align with the abnormal canal. Neurology 55:1833\u20131841. doi: 10.1212\/wnl.55.12.1833","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4874_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.09.027","volume":"121","author":"IS Curthoys","year":"2010","unstructured":"Curthoys IS (2010) A critical review of the neurophysiological evidence underlying clinical vestibular testing using sound, vibration and galvanic stimuli. Clin Neurophysiol 121:132\u2013144. doi: 10.1016\/j.clinph.2009.09.027","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4874_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.23258","volume":"122","author":"IS Curthoys","year":"2012","unstructured":"Curthoys IS (2012) The interpretation of clinical tests of peripheral vestibular function. Laryngoscope 122:1342\u20131352. doi: 10.1002\/lary.23258","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"4874_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"691","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4192-6","volume":"233","author":"IS Curthoys","year":"2015","unstructured":"Curthoys IS, Grant JW (2015) How does high-frequency sound or vibration activate vestibular receptors? Exp Brain Res 233:691\u2013699. doi: 10.1007\/s00221-014-4192-6","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"4874_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-010-2499-5","volume":"210","author":"IS Curthoys","year":"2011","unstructured":"Curthoys IS, Vulovic V (2011) Vestibular primary afferent responses to sound and vibration in the guinea pig. Exp Brain Res 210:347\u2013352. doi: 10.1007\/s00221-010-2499-5","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"4874_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-006-0544-1","volume":"175","author":"IS Curthoys","year":"2006","unstructured":"Curthoys IS, Kim J, McPhedran SK, Camp AJ (2006) Bone conducted vibration selectively activates irregular primary otolithic vestibular neurons in the guinea pig. Exp Brain Res 175:256\u2013267. doi: 10.1007\/s00221-006-0544-1","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"4874_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06147.x","volume":"1233","author":"IS Curthoys","year":"2011","unstructured":"Curthoys IS, Vulovic V, Burgess AM, Cornell ED, Mezey LE, MacDougall HG, Manzari L, McGarvie LA (2011) The basis for using bone-conducted vibration or air-conducted sound to test otolithic function. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1233:231\u2013241. doi: 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2011.06147.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"4874_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2012.07.007","volume":"89","author":"IS Curthoys","year":"2012","unstructured":"Curthoys IS, Vulovic V, Sokolic L, Pogson J, Burgess AM (2012) Irregular primary otolith afferents from the guinea pig utricular and saccular maculae respond to both bone conducted vibration and to air conducted sound. Brain Res Bull 89:16\u201321. doi: 10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2012.07.007","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"4874_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1111\/1440-1681.12222","volume":"41","author":"IS Curthoys","year":"2014","unstructured":"Curthoys IS, Vulovic V, Burgess AM, Manzari L, Sokolic L, Pogson J, Robins M, Mezey LE, Goonetilleke S, Cornell ED, MacDougall HG (2014) Neural basis of new clinical vestibular tests: otolithic neural responses to sound and vibration. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 41:371\u2013380. doi: 10.1111\/1440-1681.12222","journal-title":"Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol"},{"key":"4874_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2015.10.019","volume":"331","author":"IS Curthoys","year":"2016","unstructured":"Curthoys IS, Vulovic V, Burgess AM, Sokolic L, Goonetilleke SC (2016) The response of guinea pig primary utricular and saccular irregular neurons to bone-conducted vibration (BCV) and air-conducted, sound (ACS). Hearing Res 331:131\u2013143. doi: 10.1016\/j.heares.2015.10.019","journal-title":"Hearing Res"},{"key":"4874_CR17","first-page":"26","volume":"58","author":"HM Burlet de","year":"1924","unstructured":"de Burlet HM (1924) Zur Innervation der Macula sacculi bei S\u00e4ugetieren. Anat Anzeig 58:26\u201332","journal-title":"Anat Anzeig"},{"key":"4874_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.900470202","volume":"47","author":"HM Burlet de","year":"1929","unstructured":"de Burlet HM (1929) Zur vergleichenden Anatomie der Labyrinthinnervation. J Comp Neurol 47:155\u2013169","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"4874_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.33.11.1460","volume":"33","author":"SG Diamond","year":"1983","unstructured":"Diamond SG, Markham CH (1983) Ocular counterrolling as an indicator of vestibular otolith function. Neurology 33:1460\u20131469","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4874_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31822f0b6b","volume":"32","author":"G Dumas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dumas G, Karkas A, Perrin P, Chahine K, Schmerber S (2011) High-frequency skull vibration-induced nystagmus test in partial vestibular lesions. Otol Neurotol 32:1291\u20131301. doi: 10.1097\/MAO.0b013e31822f0b6b","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"4874_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"588","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489.2014.888591","volume":"134","author":"G Dumas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dumas G, Lion A, Karkas A, Perrin P, Perottino F, Schmerber S (2014) Skull vibration-induced nystagmus test in unilateral superior canal dehiscence and otosclerosis: a vestibular Weber test. Acta Otolaryngol 134:588\u2013600. doi: 10.3109\/00016489.2014.888591","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"4874_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dumas G, Curthoys IS, Lion A, Perrin P, Schmerber S (2016) The skull vibration induced nystagmus test (SVINT) of vestibular function\u2014a review (Submitted)","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00041"},{"key":"4874_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez C, Goldberg JM (1976a) Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. III. Response dynamics. J Neurophysiol 39:996\u20131008","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1976.39.5.996"},{"key":"4874_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fernandez C, Goldberg JM (1976b) Physiology of peripheral neurons innervating otolith organs of the squirrel monkey. II. Directional selectivity and force-response relations. J Neurophysiol 39:985\u2013995","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1976.39.5.985"},{"key":"4874_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1997.0087","volume":"264","author":"GSG Geleoc","year":"1997","unstructured":"Geleoc GSG, Lennan GWT, Richardson GP, Kros CJ (1997) A quantitative comparison of mechanoelectrical transduction in vestibular and auditory hair cells of neonatal mice. Proc R Soc Lond B 264:611\u2013621. doi: 10.1098\/rspb.1997.0087","journal-title":"Proc R Soc Lond B"},{"key":"4874_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1990.63.4.791","volume":"63","author":"JM Goldberg","year":"1990","unstructured":"Goldberg JM, Desmadryl G, Baird RA, Fernandez C (1990) The vestibular nerve of the chinchilla. V. Relation between afferent discharge properties and peripheral innervation patterns in the utricular macula. J Neurophysiol 63:791\u2013804","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4874_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.12.029","volume":"126","author":"S Govender","year":"2015","unstructured":"Govender S, Dennis DL, Colebatch JG (2015) Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs) evoked by air- and bone-conducted stimuli in vestibular neuritis. Clin Neurophysiol 126:2004\u20132013. doi: 10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.12.029","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4874_CR28","first-page":"195","volume-title":"Vestibular rehabilitation","author":"GM Halmagyi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Halmagyi GM, Curthoys IS (2000) Otolith function tests. In: Herdman S (ed) Vestibular rehabilitation, 2nd edn. Davis, Philadelphia, pp\u00a0195\u2013214","edition":"2nd edn"},{"key":"4874_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1927","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.10.1927","volume":"45","author":"GM Halmagyi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Halmagyi GM, Yavor RA, Colebatch JG (1995) Tapping the head activates the vestibular system: a new use for the clinical reflex hammer. Neurology 45:1927\u20131929","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4874_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1109\/TNSRE.2013.2252627","volume":"22","author":"DJ Hecker","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hecker DJ, Lohscheller J, Schorn B, Koch KP, Schick B, Dlugaiczyk J (2014) Electromotive triggering and single sweep analysis of vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMPs). IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 22:158\u2013167. doi: 10.1109\/TNSRE.2013.2252627","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng"},{"key":"4874_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488309139434","volume":"95","author":"IM Hunter-Duvar","year":"1983","unstructured":"Hunter-Duvar IM (1983) An electron-microscopic study of the vestibular sensory epithelium. Acta Otolaryngol 95:494\u2013507. doi: 10.3109\/00016488309139434","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"4874_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000259064.80564.21","volume":"68","author":"S Iwasaki","year":"2007","unstructured":"Iwasaki S, McGarvie LA, Halmagyi GM, Burgess AM, Kim J, Colebatch JG, Curthoys IS (2007) Head taps evoke a crossed vestibulo-ocular reflex. Neurology 68:1227\u20131229. doi: 10.1212\/01.wnl.0000259064.80564.21","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4874_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.05.028","volume":"119","author":"S Iwasaki","year":"2008","unstructured":"Iwasaki S, Smulders YE, Burgess AM, McGarvie LA, MacDougall HG, Halmagyi GM, Curthoys IS (2008) Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials to bone conducted vibration of the midline forehead at Fz in healthy subjects. Clin Neurophysiol 119:2135\u20132147. doi: 10.1016\/j.clinph.2008.05.028","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4874_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2011.05.005","volume":"280","author":"TA Jones","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jones TA, Jones SM, Vijayakumar S, Brugeaud A, Bothwell M, Chabbert C (2011) The adequate stimulus for mammalian linear vestibular evoked potentials (VsEPs). Hear Res 280:133\u2013140. doi: 10.1016\/j.heares.2011.05.005","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"4874_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-014-0501-9","volume":"16","author":"TA Jones","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jones TA, Lee C, Gaines GC, Grant JW (2015) On the high frequency transfer of mechanical stimuli from the surface of the head to the macular neuroepithelium of the mouse. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 16:189\u2013204. doi: 10.1007\/s10162-014-0501-9","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"},{"key":"4874_CR36","first-page":"962","volume":"3","author":"RG Kessel","year":"1979","unstructured":"Kessel RG, Kardon RH (1979) The shape, polarization, and innervation of sensory hair cells in the guinea pig crista ampullaris and macula utriculi. Scan Electron Microsc 3:962\u2013974","journal-title":"Scan Electron Microsc"},{"key":"4874_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2004.07.008","volume":"64","author":"J Kim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim J, Curthoys IS (2004) Responses of primary vestibular neurons to galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) in the anaesthetised guinea pig. Brain Res Bull 64:265\u2013271. doi: 10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2004.07.008","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"4874_CR38","first-page":"269","volume":"2","author":"DJ Lim","year":"1976","unstructured":"Lim DJ (1976) Morphological and physiological correlates in cochlear and vestibular sensory epithelia. Scan Electron Microsc 2:269\u2013276","journal-title":"Scan Electron Microsc"},{"key":"4874_CR39","first-page":"929","volume":"3","author":"DJ Lim","year":"1979","unstructured":"Lim DJ (1979) Fine morphology of the otoconial membrane and its relationship to the sensory epithelium. Scan Electron Microsc 3:929\u2013938","journal-title":"Scan Electron Microsc"},{"key":"4874_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/00016488509121766","volume":"422","author":"DJ Lim","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lim DJ, Anniko M (1985) Developmental morphology of the mouse inner ear. A scanning electron microscopic observation. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl 422:1\u201369. doi: 10.3109\/00016488509121766","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol Suppl"},{"key":"4874_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1001\/archotol.1969.00770030285007","volume":"90","author":"DJ Lim","year":"1969","unstructured":"Lim DJ, Lane WC (1969) Vestibular sensory epithelia\u2014a scanning electron microscopic observation. Arch Otolaryngol 90:283\u2013292. doi: 10.1001\/archotol.1969.00770030285007","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol"},{"key":"4874_CR42","first-page":"1","volume":"42","author":"HH Lindeman","year":"1969","unstructured":"Lindeman HH (1969) Studies on the morphology of the sensory regions of the vestibular apparatus with 45 figures. Ergeb Anat Entwicklungsgesch 42:1\u2013113","journal-title":"Ergeb Anat Entwicklungsgesch"},{"key":"4874_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bacf85","volume":"73","author":"HG MacDougall","year":"2009","unstructured":"MacDougall HG, Weber KP, McGarvie LA, Halmagyi GM, Curthoys IS (2009) The video head impulse test: diagnostic accuracy in peripheral vestibulopathy. Neurology 73:1134\u20131141. doi: 10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181bacf85","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4874_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e61488","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0061488","volume":"8","author":"HG MacDougall","year":"2013","unstructured":"MacDougall HG, McGarvie LA, Halmagyi GM, Curthoys IS, Weber KP (2013) The video head impulse test (vHIT) detects vertical semicircular canal dysfunction. Plos One 8:e61488. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0061488","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"key":"4874_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1212\/wnl.0000000000002827","volume":"87","author":"HG MacDougall","year":"2016","unstructured":"MacDougall HG, McGarvie LA, Halmagyi GM, Rogers SJ, Manzari L, Burgess AM, Curthoys IS, Weber KP (2016) A new saccadic indicator of peripheral vestibular function based on the video head impulse test. Neurology 87:410\u2013418. doi: 10.1212\/wnl.0000000000002827","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4874_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182498c09","volume":"33","author":"L Manzari","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manzari L, Burgess AM, McGarvie LA, Curthoys IS (2012) Ocular and cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials to 500\u00a0Hz Fz bone-conducted vibration in superior semicircular canal dehiscence. Ear Hear 33:508\u2013520. doi: 10.1097\/AUD.0b013e3182498c09","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"4874_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1177\/0194599813489494","volume":"149","author":"L Manzari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Manzari L, Burgess AM, McGarvie LA, Curthoys IS (2013) An indicator of probable semicircular canal dehiscence: ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials to high frequencies. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 149:142\u2013145. doi: 10.1177\/0194599813489494","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"4874_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6058","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-10-06058.1994","volume":"14","author":"MP McCue","year":"1994","unstructured":"McCue MP, Guinan JJ Jr (1994) Acoustically responsive fibers in the vestibular nerve of the cat. J Neurosci 14:6058\u20136070","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4874_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1563","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.74.4.1563","volume":"74","author":"MP McCue","year":"1995","unstructured":"McCue MP, Guinan JJ Jr (1995) Spontaneous activity and frequency selectivity of acoustically responsive vestibular afferents in the cat. J Neurophysiol 74:1563\u20131572","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4874_CR50","first-page":"355","volume":"18","author":"MP McCue","year":"1997","unstructured":"McCue MP, Guinan JJ Jr (1997) Sound-evoked activity in primary afferent neurons of a mammalian vestibular system. Am J Otol 18:355\u2013360","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"4874_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486409121400","volume":"58","author":"D Mikaelian","year":"1964","unstructured":"Mikaelian D (1964) Vestibular response to sound: single unit recording from the vestibular nerve in fenestrated deaf mice (Df\/Df). Acta Otolaryngol 58:409\u2013422","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"4874_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0709(00)80105-2","volume":"21","author":"LB Minor","year":"2000","unstructured":"Minor LB (2000) Superior canal dehiscence syndrome. Am J Otol 21:9\u201319","journal-title":"Am J Otol"},{"key":"4874_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000178324.55729.b7","volume":"115","author":"LB Minor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Minor LB (2005) Clinical manifestations of superior semicircular canal dehiscence. Laryngoscope 115:1717\u20131727. doi: 10.1097\/01.mlg.0000178324.55729.b7","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"4874_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2001.tb03751.x","volume":"942","author":"LB Minor","year":"2001","unstructured":"Minor LB, Cremer PD, Carey JP, Della Santina CC, Streubel SO, Weg N (2001) Symptoms and signs in superior canal dehiscence syndrome. Ann N Y Acad Sci 942:259\u2013273","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"4874_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.3109\/00016489709117994","volume":"117","author":"T Murofushi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Murofushi T, Curthoys IS (1997) Physiological and anatomical study of click-sensitive primary vestibular afferents in the guinea pig. Acta Otolaryngol 117:66\u201372","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"4874_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00241975","volume":"103","author":"T Murofushi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Murofushi T, Curthoys IS, Topple AN, Colebatch JG, Halmagyi GM (1995) Responses of guinea pig primary vestibular neurons to clicks. Exp Brain Res 103:174\u2013178","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"4874_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1384","DOI":"10.1121\/1.391455","volume":"76","author":"PM Narins","year":"1984","unstructured":"Narins PM, Lewis ER (1984) The vertebrate ear as an exquisite seismic sensor. J Acoust Soc Am 76:1384\u20131387. doi: 10.1121\/1.391455","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"4874_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.01.007","volume":"126","author":"ES Papathanasiou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Papathanasiou ES (2015) The evidence is finally here: Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials are mainly dependent on utricular pathway function. Clin Neurophysiol 126:1843\u20131844. doi: 10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.01.007","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4874_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1995.73.6.2237","volume":"73","author":"RD Rabbitt","year":"1995","unstructured":"Rabbitt RD, Boyle R, Highstein SM (1995) Mechanical indentation of the vestibular labyrinth and its relationship to head rotation in the toadfish, Opsanus tau. J Neurophysiol 73:2237\u20132260","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4874_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-21567-0_4","volume-title":"The vestibular system","author":"RD Rabbitt","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rabbitt RD, Damiano ER, Grant JW (2004) Biomechanics of the semicircular canals and otolith organs. In: Highstein SM, Fay RR, Popper AN (eds) The vestibular system. Springer, New York, pp\u00a0153\u2013201"},{"key":"4874_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1967.30.4.769","volume":"30","author":"JE Rose","year":"1967","unstructured":"Rose JE, Brugge JF, Anderson DJ, Hind JE (1967) Phase-locked response to low-frequency tones in single auditory nerve fibers of the squirrel monkey. J Neurophysiol 30:769\u2013793","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4874_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32835c5ef3","volume":"26","author":"SM Rosengren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosengren SM, Kingma H (2013) New perspectives on vestibular evoked myogenic potentials. Curr Opin Neurol 26:74\u201380. doi: 10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32835c5ef3","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"4874_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.03.019","volume":"116","author":"SM Rosengren","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rosengren SM, Todd NPM, Colebatch JG (2005) Vestibular-evoked extraocular potentials produced by stimulation with bone-conducted sound. Clin Neurophysiol 116:1938\u20131948. doi: 10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.03.019","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4874_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.2007.126730","volume":"79","author":"SM Rosengren","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rosengren SM, Aw ST, Halmagyi GM, Todd NPM, Colebatch JG (2008) Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in superior canal dehiscence. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 79:559\u2013566. doi: 10.1136\/jnnp.2007.126730","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"4874_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.10.012","volume":"124","author":"SM Rosengren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosengren SM, Colebatch JG, Straumann D, Weber KP (2013) Why do oVEMPs become larger when you look up? Explaining the effect of gaze elevation on the ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential. Clin Neurophysiol 124:785\u2013791. doi: 10.1016\/j.clinph.2012.10.012","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4874_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1097\/00129492-200405000-00021","volume":"25","author":"JJ Rosowski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rosowski JJ, Songer JE, Nakajima HH, Brinsko KM, Merchant SN (2004) Clinical, experimental, and theoretical investigations of the effect of superior semicircular canal dehiscence on hearing mechanisms. Otol Neurotol 25:323\u2013332. doi: 10.1097\/00129492-200405000-00021","journal-title":"Otol Neurotol"},{"key":"4874_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3706","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.4067-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"JE Songer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Songer JE, Eatock RA (2013) Tuning and timing in mammalian type I hair cells and calyceal synapses. J Neurosci 33:3706\u20133724. doi: 10.1523\/jneurosci.4067-12.2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4874_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2005.07.003","volume":"210","author":"JE Songer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Songer JE, Rosowski JJ (2005) The effect of superior canal dehiscence on cochlear potential in response to air-conducted stimuli in chinchilla. Hearing Res 210:53\u201362. doi: 10.1016\/j.heares.2005.07.003","journal-title":"Hearing Res"},{"key":"4874_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1121\/1.2204356","volume":"120","author":"JE Songer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Songer JE, Rosowski JJ (2006) The effect of superior-canal opening on middle-ear input admittance and air-conducted stapes velocity in chinchilla. J Acoust Soc Am 120:258\u2013269. doi: 10.1121\/1.2204356","journal-title":"J Acoust Soc Am"},{"key":"4874_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.051151","volume":"214","author":"C Spoon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Spoon C, Grant W (2011) Biomechanics of hair cell kinocilia: experimental measurement of kinocilium shaft stiffness and base rotational stiffness with Euler\u2013Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam analysis. J Exp Biol 214:862\u2013870. doi: 10.1242\/jeb.051151","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"4874_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2950","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00469.2011","volume":"106","author":"C Spoon","year":"2011","unstructured":"Spoon C, Moravec WJ, Rowe MH, Grant JW, Peterson EH (2011) Steady-state stiffness of utricular hair cells depends on macular location and hair bundle structure. J Neurophysiol 106:2950\u20132963. doi: 10.1152\/jn.00469.2011","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4874_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.3109\/00016486909121573","volume":"68","author":"JI Suzuki","year":"1969","unstructured":"Suzuki JI, Tokumasu K, Goto K (1969) Eye movements from single utricular nerve stimulation in the cat. Acta Otolaryngol 68:350\u2013362. doi: 10.3109\/00016486909121573","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"4874_CR73","unstructured":"Tullio P (1928) L\u2019orecchio. L. Capelli, Bologna"},{"key":"4874_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2011.09.001","volume":"71","author":"Y Uchino","year":"2011","unstructured":"Uchino Y, Kushiro K (2011) Differences between otolith- and semicircular canal-activated neural circuitry in the vestibular system. Neurosci Res 71:315\u2013327. doi: 10.1016\/j.neures.2011.09.001","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"key":"4874_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heares.2007.07.008","volume":"233","author":"H Uzun-Coruhlu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Uzun-Coruhlu H, Curthoys IS, Jones AS (2007) Attachment of the utricular and saccular maculae to the temporal bone. Hear Res 233:77\u201385. doi: 10.1016\/j.heares.2007.07.008","journal-title":"Hear Res"},{"key":"4874_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1159\/000275010","volume":"33","author":"K Watanuki","year":"1971","unstructured":"Watanuki K, Stupp HF, Meyer zum Gottesberge A (1971) Distribution pattern of the Type I and Type II sensory cells on the maculae sacculi and utriculi in guinea-pig. Pract Oto-Rhino-Laryngol 33:304\u2013311. doi: 10.1159\/000275010","journal-title":"Pract Oto-Rhino-Laryngol"},{"key":"4874_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-015-0548-y","volume":"15","author":"KP Weber","year":"2015","unstructured":"Weber KP, Rosengren SM (2015) Clinical utility of ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (oVEMPs). Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 15:22. doi: 10.1007\/s11910-015-0548-y","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"4874_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5967","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0019-05.2005","volume":"25","author":"MS Weeg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weeg MS, Land BR, Bass AH (2005) Vocal pathways modulate efferent neurons to the inner ear and lateral line. J Neurosci 25:5967\u20135974. doi: 10.1523\/jneurosci.0019-05.2005","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"4874_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000299084.76250.4a","volume":"70","author":"MS Welgampola","year":"2008","unstructured":"Welgampola MS, Myrie OA, Minor LB, Carey JP (2008) Vestibular-evoked myogenic potential thresholds normalize on plugging superior canal dehiscence. Neurology 70:464\u2013472. doi: 10.1212\/01.wnl.0000299084.76250.4a","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"4874_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3109\/00016487709123977","volume":"84","author":"ED Young","year":"1977","unstructured":"Young ED, Fernandez C, Goldberg JM (1977) Responses of squirrel monkey vestibular neurons to audio-frequency sound and head vibration. Acta Otolaryngol 84:352\u2013360. doi: 10.3109\/00016487709123977","journal-title":"Acta Otolaryngol"},{"key":"4874_CR81","volume-title":"Biostatistical analysis","author":"JH Zar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zar JH (2010) Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey"},{"key":"4874_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00003.2011","volume":"106","author":"H Zhu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zhu H, Tang X, Wei W, Mustain W, Xu Y, Zhou W (2011) Click-evoked responses in vestibular afferents in rats. J Neurophysiol 106:754\u2013763. doi: 10.1152\/jn.00003.2011","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"4874_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10162-013-0428-6","volume":"15","author":"H Zhu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhu H, Tang X, Wei W, Maklad A, Mustain W, Rabbitt R, Highstein S, Allison J, Zhou W (2014) Input-output functions of vestibular afferent responses to air-conducted clicks in rats. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol 15:73\u201386. doi: 10.1007\/s10162-013-0428-6","journal-title":"J Assoc Res Otolaryngol"}],"container-title":["Experimental Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-017-4874-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00221-017-4874-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-017-4874-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T21:26:21Z","timestamp":1568755581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00221-017-4874-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,4]]}},"alternative-id":["4874"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-017-4874-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4819","1432-1106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,27]]}}}