{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T15:50:29Z","timestamp":1787241029524,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1518480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Brain Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-018-5200-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]],"date-time":"2018-02-13T13:06:07Z","timestamp":1518527167000},"page":"1117-1127","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Transcranial direct current stimulation generates a transient increase of small-world in brain connectivity: an EEG graph theoretical analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"236","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6004-9522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Vecchio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riccardo","family":"Di Iorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Miraglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Granata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberto","family":"Romanello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Placido","family":"Bramanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo Maria","family":"Rossini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"5200_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.0030017","volume":"3","author":"S Achard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Achard S, Bullmore E (2007) Efficiency and cost of economical brain functional networks. PLoS Comput Biol 3:e17","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"5200_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2012.07.002","volume":"86","author":"E Basar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Basar E (2012) A review of alpha activity in integrative brain function: fundamental physiology, sensory coding, cognition and pathology. Int J Psychophysiol 86:1\u201324","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-7020-5307-8.00002-8","volume":"62","author":"E Ba\u015far","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ba\u015far E, Ba\u015far-Ero\u011flu C, G\u00fcntekin B, Yener GG (2013) Brain\u2019s alpha, beta, gamma, delta, and theta oscillations in neuropsychiatric diseases: proposal for biomarker strategies. Suppl Clin Neurophysiol 62:19\u201354","journal-title":"Suppl Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858406293182","volume":"12","author":"DS Bassett","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bassett DS, Bullmore E (2006) Small-world brain networks. Neuroscientist 12:512\u2013523","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"5200_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32832d93dd","volume":"22","author":"DS Bassett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bassett DS, Bullmore ET (2009) Human brain networks in health and disease. Curr Opin Neurol 22:340\u2013347","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"5200_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.05.007","volume":"44","author":"OM Bazanova","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bazanova OM, Vernon D (2014) Interpreting EEG alpha activity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 44:94\u2013110","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"5200_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1162\/neco.1995.7.6.1129","volume":"7","author":"AJ Bell","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bell AJ, Sejnowski TJ (1995) An information-maximization approach to blind separation and blind deconvolution. Neural Comput 7:1129\u20131159","journal-title":"Neural Comput"},{"key":"5200_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3984","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003984","volume":"3","author":"E Ben-Simon","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ben-Simon E, Podlipsky I, Arieli A, Zhdanov A, Hendler T (2008) Never resting brain: simultaneous representation of two alpha related processes in humans. PLoS One 3:e3984","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5200_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.05.051","volume":"404","author":"PS Boggio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Boggio PS, Castro LO, Savagim EA, Braite R, Cruz VC, Rocha RR, Rigonatti SP, Silva MT, Fregni F (2006) Enhancement of non-dominant hand motor function by anodal transcranial direct current stimulation. Neurosci Lett 404:232\u2013236","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"5200_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.03.057","volume":"114","author":"M Bola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bola M, Sabel BA (2015) Dynamic reorganization of brain functional networks during cognition. Neuroimage 114:398\u2013413","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"5200_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000672","volume":"83","author":"M Bola","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bola M, Gall C, Moewes C, Fedorov A, Hinrichs H, Sabel BA (2014) Brain functional connectivity network breakdown and restoration in blindness. Neurology 83:542\u2013551","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"5200_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.03.020","volume":"67","author":"M Bola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bola M, Gall C, Sabel BA (2015) Disturbed temporal dynamics of brain synchronization in vision loss. Cortex 67:134\u2013146","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"5200_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4935","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5580-10.2011","volume":"31","author":"A Bollimunta","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bollimunta A, Mo J, Schroeder CE, Ding M (2011) Neuronal mechanisms and attentional modulation of corticothalamic alpha oscillations. J Neurosci 31:4935\u20134943","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1292","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06090.x","volume":"27","author":"K Boros","year":"2008","unstructured":"Boros K, Poreisz C, Munchau A, Paulus W, Nitsche MA (2008) Premotor transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) affects primary motor excitability in humans. Eur J Neurosci 27:1292\u20131300","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR15","first-page":"1636","volume":"21","author":"D Cordes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cordes D, Haughton VM, Arfanakis K, Wendt GJ, Turski PA, Moritz CH, Quigley MA, Meyerand ME (2000) Mapping functionally related regions of brain with functional connectivity MR imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:1636\u20131644","journal-title":"AJNR Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5200_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.03.005","volume":"2","author":"A Datta","year":"2009","unstructured":"Datta A, Bansal V, Diaz J, Patel J, Reato D, Bikson M (2009 Oct) Gyri-precise head model of transcranial direct current stimulation: improved spatial focality using a ring electrode versus conventional rectangular pad. Brain Stimul 2(4):201\u2013207 (207.e1)","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"5200_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2013-0019","volume":"24","author":"F Ferreri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ferreri F, Rossini PM (2013) TMS and TMS-EEG techniques in the study of the excitability, connectivity, and plasticity of the human motor cortex. Rev Neurosci 24:431\u2013442","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.056","volume":"54","author":"F Ferreri","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ferreri F, Pasqualetti P, Maatta S, Ponzo D, Ferrarelli F, Tononi G, Mervaala E, Miniussi C, Rossini PM (2011) Human brain connectivity during single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation. Neuroimage 54:90\u2013102","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"5200_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00796.2011","volume":"108","author":"F Ferreri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferreri F, Ponzo D, Hukkanen T, Mervaala E, Kononen M, Pasqualetti P, Vecchio F, Rossini PM, Maatta S (2012) Human brain cortical correlates of short-latency afferent inhibition: a combined EEG-TMS study. J Neurophysiol 108:314\u2013323","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22306","volume":"35","author":"F Ferreri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ferreri F, Vecchio F, Ponzo D, Pasqualetti P, Rossini PM (2014) Time-varying coupling of EEG oscillations predicts excitability fluctuations in the primary motor cortex as reflected by motor evoked potentials amplitude: an EEG-TMS study. Hum Brain Mapp 35:1969\u20131980","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"5200_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.03.021","volume":"647","author":"F Ferreri","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ferreri F, Vecchio F, Guerra A, Miraglia F, Ponzo D, Vollero L, Iannello G, Maatta S, Mervaala E, Rossini PM, Di Lazzaro V (2017) Age related differences in functional synchronization of EEG activity as evaluated by means of TMS-EEG coregistrations. Neurosci Lett 647:141\u2013146. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2017.03.021","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"5200_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2201","volume":"8","author":"MD Fox","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fox MD, Raichle ME (2007) Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging. Nat Rev Neurosci 8:700\u2013711","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wnr.0000177010.44602.5e","volume":"16","author":"F Fregni","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fregni F, Boggio PS, Mansur CG, Wagner T, Ferreira MJ, Lima MC, Rigonatti SP, Marcolin MA, Freedman SD, Nitsche MA, Pascual-Leone A (2005) Transcranial direct current stimulation of the unaffected hemisphere in stroke patients. Neuroreport 16:1551\u20131555","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"5200_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8512","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0754-09.2009","volume":"29","author":"F Freyer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Freyer F, Aquino K, Robinson PA, Ritter P, Breakspear M (2009) Bistability and non-Gaussian fluctuations in spontaneous cortical activity. J Neurosci 29:8512\u20138524","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.07.036","volume":"126","author":"A Guerra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Guerra A, Petrichella S, Vollero L, Ponzo D, Pasqualetti P, Maatta S, Mervaala E, Kononen M, Bressi F, Iannello G, Rossini PM, Ferreri F (2015) Neurophysiological features of motor cortex excitability and plasticity in subcortical ischemic vascular dementia: a TMS mapping study. Clin Neurophysiol 126:906\u2013913","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1962.sp006874","volume":"161","author":"JE Hern","year":"1962","unstructured":"Hern JE, Landgren S, Phillips CG, Porter R (1962) Selective excitation of corticofugal neurones by surface-anodal stimulation of the baboon\u2019s motor cortex. J Physiol 161:73\u201390","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"5200_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3101","volume":"15","author":"JF Hipp","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hipp JF, Hawellek DJ, Corbetta M, Siegel M, Engel AK (2012) Large-scale cortical correlation structure of spontaneous oscillatory activity. Nat Neurosci 15:884\u2013890","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3004","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0003004","volume":"3","author":"S Hoffmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoffmann S, Falkenstein M (2008) The correction of eye blink artefacts in the EEG: a comparison of two prominent methods. PLoS One 3:e3004","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5200_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/1545968304272698","volume":"19","author":"F Hummel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hummel F, Cohen LG (2005) Improvement of motor function with noninvasive cortical stimulation in a patient with chronic stroke. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 19:14\u201319","journal-title":"Neurorehabil Neural Repair"},{"key":"5200_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-200307000-00004","volume":"20","author":"J Iriarte","year":"2003","unstructured":"Iriarte J, Urrestarazu E, Valencia M, Alegre M, Malanda A, Viteri C, Artieda J (2003) Independent component analysis as a tool to eliminate artifacts in EEG: a quantitative study. J Clin Neurophysiol 20:249\u2013257","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2010.00186","volume":"4","author":"O Jensen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jensen O, Mazaheri A (2010) Shaping functional architecture by oscillatory alpha activity: gating by inhibition. Front Hum Neurosci 4:186","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(98)00056-3","volume":"29","author":"W Klimesch","year":"1999","unstructured":"Klimesch W (1999) EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 29:169\u2013195","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"5200_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01128991","volume":"5","author":"W Klimesch","year":"1993","unstructured":"Klimesch W, Schimke H, Pfurtscheller G (1993) Alpha frequency, cognitive load and memory performance. Brain Topogr 5:241\u2013251","journal-title":"Brain Topogr"},{"key":"5200_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(94)90164-3","volume":"91","author":"W Klimesch","year":"1994","unstructured":"Klimesch W, Schimke H, Schwaiger J (1994) Episodic and semantic memory: an analysis in the EEG theta and alpha band. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 91:428\u2013441","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5200_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(98)00122-0","volume":"244","author":"W Klimesch","year":"1998","unstructured":"Klimesch W, Doppelmayr M, Russegger H, Pachinger T, Schwaiger J (1998) Induced alpha band power changes in the human EEG and attention Neurosci Lett 244(2):73\u201376","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"5200_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)01656-1","volume":"302","author":"W Klimesch","year":"2001","unstructured":"Klimesch W, Doppelmayr M, Stadler W, Pollhuber D, Sauseng P, Rohm D (2001) Episodic retrieval is reflected by a process specific increase in human electroencephalographic theta activity. Neurosci Lett 302:49\u201352","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"5200_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2006.06.003","volume":"53","author":"W Klimesch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Klimesch W, Sauseng P, Hanslmayr S (2007) EEG alpha oscillations: the inhibition-timing hypothesis. Brain Res Rev 53:63\u201388","journal-title":"Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"5200_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00602","volume":"7","author":"B Krause","year":"2013","unstructured":"Krause B, Marquez-Ruiz J, Cohen KR (2013) The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation: a role for cortical excitation\/inhibition balance? Front Hum Neurosci 7:602","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.04233.x","volume":"22","author":"N Lang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lang N, Siebner HR, Ward NS, Lee L, Nitsche MA, Paulus W, Rothwell JC, Lemon RN, Frackowiak RS (2005) How does transcranial DC stimulation of the primary motor cortex alter regional neuronal activity in the human brain? Eur J Neurosci 22:495\u2013504","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2238","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awf238","volume":"125","author":"D Liebetanz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Liebetanz D, Nitsche MA, Tergau F, Paulus W (2002) Pharmacological approach to the mechanisms of transcranial DC-stimulation-induced after-effects of human motor cortex excitability. Brain 125:2238\u20132247","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"5200_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10827-010-0271-2","volume":"30","author":"JT Lizier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lizier JT, Heinzle J, Horstmann A, Haynes JD, Prokopenko M (2011) Multivariate information-theoretic measures reveal directed information structure and task relevant changes in fMRI connectivity. J Comput Neurosci 30:85\u2013107","journal-title":"J Comput Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR44","first-page":"161","volume":"29","author":"SW Lockley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lockley SW, Evans EE, Scheer FA, Brainard GC, Czeisler CA, Aeschbach D (2006) Short-wavelength sensitivity for the direct effects of light on alertness, vigilance, and the waking electroencephalogram in humans. Sleep 29:161\u2013168","journal-title":"Sleep"},{"key":"5200_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9985","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.2725-04.2004","volume":"24","author":"L Marshall","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marshall L, Molle M, Hallschmid M, Born J (2004) Transcranial direct current stimulation during sleep improves declarative memory. J Neurosci 24:9985\u20139992","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00099","volume":"2","author":"KE Mathewson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mathewson KE, Lleras A, Beck DM, Fabiani M, Ro T, Gratton G (2011) Pulsed out of awareness: EEG alpha oscillations represent a pulsed-inhibition of ongoing cortical processing. Front Psychol 2:99","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"5200_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2006.06.028","volume":"87","author":"S Micheloyannis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Micheloyannis S, Pachou E, Stam CJ, Breakspear M, Bitsios P, Vourkas M, Erimaki S, Zervakis M (2006) Small-world networks and disturbed functional connectivity in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 87:60\u201366","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"5200_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20492","volume":"30","author":"S Micheloyannis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Micheloyannis S, Vourkas M, Tsirka V, Karakonstantaki E, Kanatsouli K, Stam CJ (2009) The influence of ageing on complex brain networks: a graph theoretical analysis. Hum Brain Mapp 30:200\u2013208","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"5200_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.12.048","volume":"40","author":"L Michels","year":"2008","unstructured":"Michels L, Moazami-Goudarzi M, Jeanmonod D, Sarnthein J (2008) EEG alpha distinguishes between cuneal and precuneal activation in working memory. Neuroimage 40:1296\u20131310","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"5200_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.06.014","volume":"37","author":"C Miniussi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Miniussi C, Harris JA, Ruzzoli M (2013) Modelling non-invasive brain stimulation in cognitive neuroscience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 37:1702\u20131712","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"5200_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.09.028","volume":"310","author":"F Miraglia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Miraglia F, Vecchio F, Bramanti P, Rossini PM (2015) Small-worldness characteristics and its gender relation in specific hemispheric networks. Neuroscience 310:1\u201311","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"5200_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.07.040","volume":"127","author":"F Miraglia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miraglia F, Vecchio F, Bramanti P, Rossini PM (2016) EEG characteristics in \u201ceyes-open\u201d versus \u201ceyes-closed\u201d conditions: small-world network architecture in healthy aging and age-related brain degeneration. Clin Neurophysiol 127:1261\u20131268","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2016.09.057","volume":"317","author":"F Miraglia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Miraglia F, Vecchio F, Rossini PM (2017) Searching for signs of aging and dementia in EEG through network analysis. Behav Brain Res 317:292\u2013300","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"5200_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1735","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00924.2009","volume":"103","author":"K Monte-Silva","year":"2010","unstructured":"Monte-Silva K, Kuo MF, Liebetanz D, Paulus W, Nitsche MA (2010) Shaping the optimal repetition interval for cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). J Neurophysiol 103:1735\u20131740","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2012.04.011","volume":"6","author":"K Monte-Silva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Monte-Silva K, Kuo MF, Hessenthaler S, Fresnoza S, Liebetanz D, Paulus W, Nitsche MA (2013) Induction of late LTP-like plasticity in the human motor cortex by repeated non-invasive brain stimulation. Brain Stimul 6:424\u2013432","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"5200_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.10.1899","volume":"57","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Paulus W (2001) Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans. Neurology 57:1899\u20131901","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"5200_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2720","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0953-816X.2004.03398.x","volume":"19","author":"MA Nitsche","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nitsche MA, Liebetanz D, Schlitterlau A, Henschke U, Fricke K, Frommann K, Lang N, Henning S, Paulus W, Tergau F (2004) GABAergic modulation of DC stimulation-induced motor cortex excitability shifts in humans. Eur J Neurosci 19:2720\u20132726","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.22322","volume":"35","author":"F Notturno","year":"2014","unstructured":"Notturno F, Marzetti L, Pizzella V, Uncini A, Zappasodi F (2014) Local and remote effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on the electrical activity of the motor cortical network. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2220\u20132232","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"5200_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.1030","volume":"13","author":"PL Nunez","year":"2001","unstructured":"Nunez PL, Wingeier BM, Silberstein RB (2001) Spatial-temporal structures of human alpha rhythms: theory, microcurrent sources, multiscale measurements, and global binding of local networks. Hum Brain Mapp 13:125\u2013164","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"5200_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"065103","DOI":"10.1103\/PhysRevE.71.065103","volume":"71","author":"JP Onnela","year":"2005","unstructured":"Onnela JP, Saramaki J, Kertesz J, Kaski K (2005) Intensity and coherence of motifs in weighted complex networks. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 71:065103","journal-title":"Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys"},{"key":"5200_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2011.00204","volume":"2","author":"S Palva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Palva S, Palva JM (2011) Functional roles of alpha-band phase synchronization in local and large-scale cortical networks. Front Psychol 2:204","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"key":"5200_CR62","unstructured":"Pascual-Marqui RD (2007a) Discrete 3D, distributed, linear imaging methods of electric neuronal activity. Part 1: exact, zero error localization. \n                    arXiv:0710.3341"},{"key":"5200_CR63","unstructured":"Pascual-Marqui RD (2007b) Instantaneous and lagged measurements of linear and nonlinear dependence between groups of multivariate time series: frequency decomposition. \n                    arXiv:0711.1455"},{"key":"5200_CR64","unstructured":"Pascual-Marqui RD (2009) Theory of the EEG inverse problem. In: House Artech B (ed) Quantitative EEG analysis: methods and clinical applications, pp\u00a0121\u2013140"},{"key":"5200_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3768","DOI":"10.1098\/rsta.2011.0081","volume":"369","author":"RD Pascual-Marqui","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pascual-Marqui RD, Lehmann D, Koukkou M, Kochi K, Anderer P, Saletu B, Tanaka H, Hirata K, John ER, Prichep L, Biscay-Lirio R, Kinoshita T (2011) Assessing interactions in the brain with exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 369:3768\u20133784","journal-title":"Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci"},{"key":"5200_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-444-53497-2.00027-9","volume":"116","author":"W Paulus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paulus W, Peterchev AV, Ridding M (2013) Transcranial electric and magnetic stimulation: technique and paradigms. Handb Clin Neurol 116:329\u2013342","journal-title":"Handb Clin Neurol"},{"key":"5200_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1842","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(99)00141-8","volume":"110","author":"G Pfurtscheller","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pfurtscheller G, Lopes da Silva FH (1999) Event-related EEG\/MEG synchronization and desynchronization: basic principles. Clin Neurophysiol 110:1842\u20131857","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21104","volume":"32","author":"R Polania","year":"2011","unstructured":"Polania R, Nitsche MA, Paulus W (2011a) Modulating functional connectivity patterns and topological functional organization of the human brain with transcranial direct current stimulation. Hum Brain Mapp 32:1236\u20131249","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"5200_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.085","volume":"54","author":"R Polania","year":"2011","unstructured":"Polania R, Paulus W, Antal A, Nitsche MA (2011b) Introducing graph theory to track for neuroplastic alterations in the resting human brain: a transcranial direct current stimulation study. Neuroimage 54:2287\u20132296","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"5200_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21380","volume":"33","author":"R Polania","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polania R, Paulus W, Nitsche MA (2012) Modulating cortico-striatal and thalamo-cortical functional connectivity with transcranial direct current stimulation. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2499\u20132508","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"5200_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(75)90364-9","volume":"98","author":"JB Ranck Jr","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ranck JB Jr (1975) Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: a review. Brain Res 98:417\u2013440","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"5200_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2317","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2007.08.010","volume":"118","author":"JC Reijneveld","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reijneveld JC, Ponten SC, Berendse HW, Stam CJ (2007) The application of graph theoretical analysis to complex networks in the brain. Clin Neurophysiol 118:2317\u20132331","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2009.06.036","volume":"183","author":"M Reinacher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Reinacher M, Becker R, Villringer A, Ritter P (2009) Oscillatory brain states interact with late cognitive components of the somatosensory evoked potential. J Neurosci Methods 183:49\u201356","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"5200_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1126\/science.290.5491.533","volume":"290","author":"MS Rioult-Pedotti","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rioult-Pedotti MS, Friedman D, Donoghue JP (2000) Learning-induced LTP in neocortex. Science 290:533\u2013536","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"5200_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1016\/0013-4694(85)90006-9","volume":"60","author":"PM Rossini","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rossini PM, Di SE, Stanzione P (1985) Nerve impulse propagation along central and peripheral fast conducting motor and sensory pathways in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 60:320\u2013334","journal-title":"Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.02.001","volume":"126","author":"PM Rossini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rossini PM, Burke D, Chen R, Cohen LG, Daskalakis Z, Di IR, Di L, Ferreri V, Fitzgerald F, George PB, Hallett MS, Lefaucheur M, Langguth JP, Matsumoto B, Miniussi H, Nitsche C, Pascual-Leone MA, Paulus A, Rossi W, Rothwell S, Siebner JC, Ugawa HR, Walsh Y, Ziemann VU (2015) Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application. An updated report from an I.F.C.N. Committee. Clin Neurophysiol 126:1071\u20131107","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.10.003","volume":"52","author":"M Rubinov","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rubinov M, Sporns O (2010) Complex network measures of brain connectivity: uses and interpretations. Neuroimage 52:1059\u20131069","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"5200_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10243","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1004-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"S Sadaghiani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sadaghiani S, Scheeringa R, Lehongre K, Morillon B, Giraud AL, Kleinschmidt A (2010) Intrinsic connectivity networks, alpha oscillations, and tonic alertness: a simultaneous electroencephalography\/functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurosci 30:10243\u201310250","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5316-03.2004","volume":"24","author":"HR Siebner","year":"2004","unstructured":"Siebner HR, Lang N, Rizzo V, Nitsche MA, Paulus W, Lemon RN, Rothwell JC (2004) Preconditioning of low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation with transcranial direct current stimulation: evidence for homeostatic plasticity in the human motor cortex. J Neurosci 24:3379\u20133385","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20468","volume":"29","author":"DJ Smit","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smit DJ, Stam CJ, Posthuma D, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJ (2008) Heritability of \u201csmall-world\u201d networks in the brain: a graph theoretical analysis of resting-state EEG functional connectivity. Hum Brain Mapp 29:1368\u20131378","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"5200_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00529","volume":"7","author":"GF Spitoni","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spitoni GF, Cimmino RL, Bozzacchi C, Pizzamiglio L, Di RF (2013) Modulation of spontaneous alpha brain rhythms using low-intensity transcranial direct-current stimulation. Front Hum Neurosci 7:529","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19219","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0609523103","volume":"103","author":"O Sporns","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sporns O, Honey CJ (2006) Small worlds inside big brains. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:19219\u201319220","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"5200_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1385\/NI:2:2:145","volume":"2","author":"O Sporns","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sporns O, Zwi JD (2004) The small world of the cerebral cortex. Neuroinformatics 2:145\u2013162","journal-title":"Neuroinformatics"},{"key":"5200_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5202","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4432-08.2009","volume":"29","author":"CJ Stagg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stagg CJ, Best JG, Stephenson MC, O\u2019Shea J, Wylezinska M, Kincses ZT, Morris PG, Matthews PM, Johansen-Berg H (2009) Polarity-sensitive modulation of cortical neurotransmitters by transcranial stimulation. J Neurosci 29:5202\u20135206","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"5200_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002207","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002207","volume":"7","author":"GK Steinke","year":"2011","unstructured":"Steinke GK, Galan RF (2011) Brain rhythms reveal a hierarchical network organization. PLoS Comput Biol 7:e1002207","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"5200_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1988.68.3.649","volume":"68","author":"M Steriade","year":"1988","unstructured":"Steriade M, Llinas RR (1988) The functional states of the thalamus and the associated neuronal interplay. Physiol Rev 68:649\u2013742","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5200_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.08.007","volume":"116","author":"CE Tenke","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tenke CE, Kayser J (2005) Reference-free quantification of EEG spectra: combining current source density (CSD) and frequency principal components analysis (fPCA). Clin Neurophysiol 116:2826\u20132846","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-140090","volume":"41","author":"F Vecchio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vecchio F, Miraglia F, Bramanti P, Rossini PM (2014a) Human brain networks in physiological aging: a graph theoretical analysis of cortical connectivity from EEG data. J Alzheimers Dis 41:1239\u20131249","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5200_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-132087","volume":"41","author":"F Vecchio","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vecchio F, Miraglia F, Marra C, Quaranta D, Vita MG, Bramanti P, Rossini PM (2014b) Human brain networks in cognitive decline: a graph theoretical analysis of cortical connectivity from EEG data. J Alzheimers Dis 41:113\u2013127","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5200_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-142484","volume":"45","author":"F Vecchio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vecchio F, Miraglia F, Curcio G, Altavilla R, Scrascia F, Giambattistelli F, Quattrocchi CC, Bramanti P, Vernieri F, Rossini PM (2015a) Cortical brain connectivity evaluated by graph theory in dementia: a correlation study between functional and structural data. J Alzheimers Dis 45:745\u2013756","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"5200_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2014.09.019","volume":"126","author":"F Vecchio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vecchio F, Miraglia F, Curcio G, Della MG, Vollono C, Mazzucchi E, Bramanti P, Rossini PM (2015b) Cortical connectivity in fronto-temporal focal epilepsy from EEG analysis: a study via graph theory. Clin Neurophysiol 126:1108\u20131116","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.12.036","volume":"316","author":"F Vecchio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vecchio F, Miraglia F, Quaranta D, Granata G, Romanello R, Marra C, Bramanti P, Rossini PM (2015c) Cortical connectivity and memory performance in cognitive decline: a study via graph theory from EEG data. Neuroscience 316:143\u2013150. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2015.12.036","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"5200_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.01.051","volume":"140","author":"F Vecchio","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vecchio F, Pellicciari MC, Miraglia F, Brignani D, Miniussi C, Rossini PM (2016) Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on the functional coupling of the sensorimotor cortical network. Neuroimage 140:50\u201356","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"issue":"2","key":"5200_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s11682-016-9528-3","volume":"11","author":"F Vecchio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vecchio F, Miraglia F, Piludu F, Granata G, Romanello R, Caulo M, Onofrj V, Bramanti P, Colosimo C, Rossini PM (2017) \u201cSmall World\u201d architecture in brain connectivity and hippocampal volume in Alzheimer's disease: a study via graph theory from EEG data. Brain Imaging Behav 11(2):473\u2013485. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11682-016-9528-3","journal-title":"Brain Imaging Behav"},{"key":"5200_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2008.06459.x","volume":"28","author":"BW Vines","year":"2008","unstructured":"Vines BW, Nair D, Schlaug G (2008) Modulating activity in the motor cortex affects performance for the two hands differently depending upon which hemisphere is stimulated. Eur J Neurosci 28:1667\u20131673","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5200_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1097\/00004691-199803000-00011","volume":"15","author":"F Vogt","year":"1998","unstructured":"Vogt F, Klimesch W, Doppelmayr M (1998) High-frequency components in the alpha band and memory performance. J Clin Neurophysiol 15(2):167\u2013172","journal-title":"J Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5200_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1038\/30918","volume":"393","author":"DJ Watts","year":"1998","unstructured":"Watts DJ, Strogatz SH (1998) Collective dynamics of \u2018small-world\u2019 networks. Nature 393:440\u2013442","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["Experimental Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00221-018-5200-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-018-5200-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-018-5200-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,12]],"date-time":"2019-02-12T20:20:47Z","timestamp":1550002847000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00221-018-5200-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]}},"alternative-id":["5200"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-018-5200-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4819","1432-1106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 September 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 February 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 February 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing financial interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}