{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T23:44:41Z","timestamp":1789775081654,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]],"date-time":"2020-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579305600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]],"date-time":"2020-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579305600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"AFF Universit\u00e4t Konstanz","award":["83945418"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["83945418"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Brain Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies investigating balance control often use external perturbations to probe the system. These perturbations can be administered as randomized, pseudo-randomized, or predictable sequences. As predictability of a given perturbation can affect balance performance, the way those perturbations are constructed may affect the results of the experiments. In the present study, we hypothesized that subjects are able to adapt to short, rhythmic support surface tilt stimuli, but not to long pseudo-random stimuli. 19 subjects were standing with eyes closed on a servo-controlled platform tilting about the ankle joint axis. Pre and post to the learning intervention, pseudo-random tilt sequences were applied. For the learning phase, a rhythmic and easy-to-memorize 8-s long sequence was applied 75 times, where subjects were instructed to stand as still as possible. Body kinematics were measured and whole body center of mass sway was analyzed. Results showed reduced sway and less forward lean of the body across the learning phase. The sway reductions were similar for stimulus and non-stimulus frequencies. Surprisingly, for the pseudo-random sequences, comparable changes were found from pre- to post-tests. In summary, results confirmed that considerable adaptations exist when exposing subjects to an 8-s long rhythmic perturbation. No indications of predictions of the learning tilt sequence were found, since similar changes were also observed in response to pseudo-random sequences. We conclude that changes in body sway responses following 75 repetitions of an 8-s long rhythmic tilt sequence are due to adaptations in the dynamics of the control mechanism (presumably stiffness).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-020-05723-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]],"date-time":"2020-01-18T13:02:17Z","timestamp":1579352537000},"page":"465-476","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Reductions in body sway responses to a rhythmic support surface tilt perturbation can be caused by other mechanisms than prediction"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"238","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1394-9883","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lorenz","family":"Assl\u00e4nder","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Gruber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louis-Solal","family":"Giboin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"5723_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1852","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00669.2013","volume":"111","author":"L Assl\u00e4nder","year":"2014","unstructured":"Assl\u00e4nder L, Peterka RJ (2014) Sensory reweighting dynamics in human postural control. J Neurophysiol 111:1852\u20131864. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00669.2013","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5723_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01145.2015","volume":"116","author":"L Assl\u00e4nder","year":"2016","unstructured":"Assl\u00e4nder L, Peterka RJ (2016) Sensory reweighting dynamics following removal and addition of visual and proprioceptive cues. J Neurophysiol 116:272\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.01145.2015","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5723_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2015.02.010","volume":"41","author":"L Assl\u00e4nder","year":"2015","unstructured":"Assl\u00e4nder L, Hettich G, Mergner T et al (2015) Visual contribution to human standing balance during support surface tilts. Hum Mov Sci 41:147\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humov.2015.02.010","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"5723_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001","author":"DJ Barr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barr DJ, Levy R, Scheepers C, Tily HJ (2013) Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: keep it maximal. J Mem Lang. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001","journal-title":"J Mem Lang"},{"key":"5723_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1996.10544598","volume":"28","author":"Y Breni\u00e8re","year":"1996","unstructured":"Breni\u00e8re Y (1996) Why we walk the way we do. J Mot Behav 28:291\u2013298","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"key":"5723_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.81.5.2325","volume":"81","author":"JJ Buchanan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Buchanan JJ, Horak FB (1999) Emergence of postural patterns as a function of vision and translation frequency. J Neurophysiol 81:2325\u20132339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.1999.81.5.2325","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5723_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v080.i01","volume":"80","author":"P-C B\u00fcrkner","year":"2017","unstructured":"B\u00fcrkner P-C (2017) brms: an R package for Bayesian multilevel models using Stan. J Stat Softw 80:1\u201328","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"5723_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050630","volume":"124","author":"S Corna","year":"1999","unstructured":"Corna S, Tarantola J, Nardone A et al (1999) Standing on a continuously moving platform: is body inertia counteracted or exploited? Exp Brain Res 124:331\u2013341","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"5723_CR9","volume-title":"System identification for self-adaptive control","author":"W Davies","year":"1970","unstructured":"Davies W (1970) System identification for self-adaptive control. Wiley-Interscience, London"},{"key":"5723_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00228405","volume":"93","author":"V Dietz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dietz V, Trippel M, Ibrahim IK, Berger W (1993) Human stance on a sinusoidally translating platform: balance control by feedforward and feedback mechanisms. Exp brain Res 93:352\u2013362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00228405","journal-title":"Exp brain Res"},{"key":"5723_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2015.08.012","volume":"44","author":"LS Giboin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Giboin LS, Gruber M, Kramer A (2015) Task-specificity of balance training. Hum Mov Sci 44:22\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humov.2015.08.012","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"5723_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116061","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116061","volume":"202","author":"L-S Giboin","year":"2019","unstructured":"Giboin L-S, Loewe K, Hassa T et al (2019) Cortical, subcortical and spinal neural correlates of slackline training-induced balance performance improvements. Neuroimage 202:116061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116061","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"5723_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2014.07.004","author":"G Hettich","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hettich G, Assl\u00e4nder L, Gollhofer A, Mergner T (2014) Human hip-ankle coordination emerging from multisensory feedback control. Hum Mov Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humov.2014.07.004","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"5723_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/77.5.517","volume":"77","author":"FB Horak","year":"1997","unstructured":"Horak FB, Henry SM, Shumway-Cook A (1997) Postural perturbations: new insights for treatment of balance disorders. Phys Ther 77:517\u2013533. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/77.5.517","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"5723_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-005-0256-y","volume":"171","author":"C Maurer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Maurer C, Mergner T, Peterka RJ (2006) Multisensory control of human upright stance. Exp Brain Res 171:231\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-005-0256-y","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"5723_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2010.08.001","volume":"34","author":"T Mergner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mergner T (2010) A neurological view on reactive human stance control. Annu Rev Control 34:177\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcontrol.2010.08.001","journal-title":"Annu Rev Control"},{"key":"5723_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(03)42014-1","volume":"142","author":"T Mergner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mergner T, Maurer C, Peterka RJ (2003) A multisensory posture control model of human upright stance. Prog Brain Res 142:189\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0079-6123(03)42014-1","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"5723_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2009.08.002","volume":"103","author":"T Mergner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mergner T, Schweigart G, Fennell L (2009) Vestibular humanoid postural control. J Physiol Paris 103:178\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2009.08.002","journal-title":"J Physiol Paris"},{"key":"5723_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2000.6286","volume":"81","author":"A Nardone","year":"2000","unstructured":"Nardone A, Grasso M, Tarantola J et al (2000) Postural coordination in elderly subjects standing on a periodically moving platform. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 81:1217\u20131223. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/apmr.2000.6286","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"5723_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6410(02)00071-X","volume":"14","author":"KS Oie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Oie KS, Kiemel T, Jeka JJ (2002) Multisensory fusion: simultaneous re-weighting of vision and touch for the control of human posture. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 14:164\u2013176","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"5723_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0151012","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151012","volume":"11","author":"JH Pasma","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pasma JH, Engelhart D, Maier AB et al (2016) Reliability of system identification techniques to assess standing balance in healthy elderly. PLoS ONE 11:e0151012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0151012","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"5723_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2017.00099","volume":"11","author":"JH Pasma","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pasma JH, Boonstra TA, van Kordelaar J et al (2017) A sensitivity analysis of an inverted pendulum balance control model. Front Comput Neurosci 11:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncom.2017.00099","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci"},{"key":"5723_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2018.00013","author":"JHJH Pasma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pasma JHJH, Assl\u00e4nder L, van Kordelaar J et al (2018) Evidence in support of the Independent channel model describing the sensorimotor control of human stance using a humanoid robot. Front Comput Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncom.2018.00013","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci"},{"key":"5723_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2002.88.3.1097","volume":"88","author":"RJ Peterka","year":"2002","unstructured":"Peterka RJ (2002) Sensorimotor integration in human postural control. J Neurophysiol 88:1097\u20131118","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"5723_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.01045","author":"RJ Peterka","year":"2018","unstructured":"Peterka RJ, Murchison CF, Parrington L et al (2018) Implementation of a central sensorimotor integration test for characterization of human balance control during stance. Front Neurol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2018.01045","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"5723_CR26","volume-title":"System identification: a frequency domain approach","author":"R Pintelon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pintelon R, Schoukens J (2004) System identification: a frequency domain approach. Wiley, New York"},{"key":"5723_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-012-3244-z","volume":"223","author":"PF Polastri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polastri PF, Barela JA, Kiemel T, Jeka JJ (2012) Dynamics of inter-modality re-weighting during human postural control. Exp Brain Res 223:99\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-012-3244-z","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"5723_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-2030-y","volume":"160","author":"E Ravaioli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ravaioli E, Oie KS, Kiemel T et al (2005) Nonlinear postural control in response to visual translation. Exp Brain Res 160:450\u2013459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-004-2030-y","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"5723_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2011.02.002","volume":"30","author":"M Schmid","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schmid M, Bottaro A, Sozzi S, Schieppati M (2011) Adaptation to continuous perturbation of balance: progressive reduction of postural muscle activity with invariant or increasing oscillations of the center of mass depending on perturbation frequency and vision conditions. Hum Mov Sci 30:262\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humov.2011.02.002","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"5723_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00419","volume":"10","author":"S Sozzi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sozzi S, Nardone A, Schieppati M (2016) Calibration of the leg muscle responses elicited by predictable perturbations of stance and the effect of vision. Front Hum Neurosci 10:1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2016.00419","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"5723_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2005.01.003","volume":"145","author":"H van der Kooij","year":"2005","unstructured":"van der Kooij H, van Asseldonk E, van der Helm FCT (2005) Comparison of different methods to identify and quantify balance control. J Neurosci Methods 145:175\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2005.01.003","journal-title":"J Neurosci Methods"},{"key":"5723_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-008-1329-5","volume":"187","author":"K Van Ooteghem","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Ooteghem K, Frank JS, Allard F et al (2008) Compensatory postural adaptations during continuous, variable amplitude perturbations reveal generalized rather than sequence-specific learning. Exp brain Res 187:603\u2013611. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-008-1329-5","journal-title":"Exp brain Res"},{"key":"5723_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-009-1995-y","volume":"199","author":"K Van Ooteghem","year":"2009","unstructured":"Van Ooteghem K, Frank JS, Horak FB (2009) Practice-related improvements in posture control differ between young and older adults exposed to continuous, variable amplitude oscillations of the support surface. Exp Brain Res 199:185\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-009-1995-y","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"5723_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-010-2316-1","volume":"204","author":"K Van Ooteghem","year":"2010","unstructured":"Van Ooteghem K, Frank JS, Allard F, Horak FB (2010) Aging does not affect generalized postural motor learning in response to variable amplitude oscillations of the support surface. Exp Brain Res 204:505\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-010-2316-1","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"5723_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470549148","volume-title":"Biomechanics and motor control of human movement","author":"DA Winter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Winter DA (2009) Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. Wiley, Hoboken"},{"key":"5723_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1109\/79.647043","volume":"15","author":"AMM Zoubir","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zoubir AMM, Boashash B (1998) The bootstrap and its application in signal processing. IEEE Signal Process Mag 15:56\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/79.647043","journal-title":"IEEE Signal Process Mag"}],"container-title":["Experimental Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-020-05723-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00221-020-05723-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-020-05723-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,17]],"date-time":"2021-01-17T00:29:04Z","timestamp":1610843344000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00221-020-05723-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,2]]}},"alternative-id":["5723"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-020-05723-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4819","1432-1106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 September 2019","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 January 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 January 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}