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However, so far there has been limited research into the spatial and temporal characteristics of hf-tRNS-induced facilitatory effects. In the present study, electroencephalogram (EEG) was used to investigate the spatial and temporal dynamics of cortical activity modulated by <jats:italic>offline<\/jats:italic> hf-tRNS on performance on a motion direction discrimination task. We used EEG to measure the amplitude of motion-related VEPs over the parieto-occipital cortex, as well as oscillatory power spectral density (PSD) at rest. A time\u2013frequency decomposition analysis was also performed to investigate the shift in event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) in response to the motion stimuli between the pre- and post-stimulation period. The results showed that the accuracy of the motion direction discrimination task was not modulated by <jats:italic>offline<\/jats:italic> hf-tRNS. Although the motion task was able to elicit motion-dependent VEP components (P1, N2, and P2), none of them showed any significant change between pre- and post-stimulation. We also found a time-dependent increase of the PSD in alpha and beta bands regardless of the stimulation protocol. Finally, time\u2013frequency analysis showed a modulation of ERSP power in the hf-tRNS condition for gamma activity when compared to pre-stimulation periods and Sham stimulation. Overall, these results show that <jats:italic>offline<\/jats:italic> hf-tRNS may induce moderate aftereffects in brain oscillatory activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-021-06142-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]],"date-time":"2021-06-08T16:03:17Z","timestamp":1623168197000},"page":"2399-2418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Electrophysiological aftereffects of high-frequency transcranial random noise stimulation (hf-tRNS): an EEG investigation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"239","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0524-9900","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Filippo","family":"Ghin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Louise","family":"O\u2019Hare","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Pavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"6142_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Aaen-Stockdale C, Thompson B (2012) Visual motion: from cortex to percept. 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