{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T21:41:45Z","timestamp":1793655705268,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662422400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1662422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fraunhofer-Institut f\u00fcr Kommunikation, Informationsverarbeitung und Ergonomie FKIE"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Brain Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is a well-known side effect of virtual reality (VR) immersion, with symptoms including nausea, disorientation, and oculomotor discomfort. Previous studies have shown that pleasant music, odor, and taste can mitigate VIMS symptomatology, but the mechanism by which this occurs remains unclear. We predicted that positive emotions influence the VIMS-reducing effects. To investigate this, we conducted an experimental study with 68 subjects divided into two groups. The groups were exposed to either positive or neutral emotions before and during the VIMS-provoking stimulus. Otherwise, they performed exactly the same task of estimating the time-to-contact while confronted with a VIMS-provoking moving starfield stimulation. Emotions were induced by means of pre-tested videos and with International Affective Picture System (IAPS) images embedded in the starfield simulation. We monitored emotion induction before, during, and after the simulation, using the Self-Assessment Manikin (SAM) valence and arousal scales. VIMS was assessed before and after exposure using the Simulator Sickness Questionnaire (SSQ) and during simulation using the Fast Motion Sickness Scale (FMS) and FMS-D for dizziness symptoms. VIMS symptomatology did not differ between groups, but valence and arousal were correlated with perceived VIMS symptoms. For instance, reported positive valence prior to VR exposure was found to be related to milder VIMS symptoms and, conversely, experienced symptoms during simulation were negatively related to subjects\u2019 valence. This study sheds light on the complex and potentially bidirectional relationship of VIMS and emotions and provides starting points for further research on the use of positive emotions to prevent VIMS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-022-06454-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]],"date-time":"2022-09-06T12:05:53Z","timestamp":1662465953000},"page":"2757-2771","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Emotions are associated with the genesis of visually induced motion sickness in virtual reality"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"240","author":[{"given":"Mara","family":"Kaufeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Bourdeinik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa Marie","family":"Prinz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Mundt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heiko","family":"Hecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"6454_CR1","first-page":"123","volume":"17","author":"Y Ashkhaneh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ashkhaneh Y, Mollazadeh J, Aflakseir A, Goudarzi MA (2015) Study of difficulty in emotion regulation as a predictor of incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting in breast cancer patients. J Fundam Mental Health 17(3):123\u2013128","journal-title":"J Fundam Mental Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"6454_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/026999396380385","volume":"10","author":"LF Barrett","year":"1996","unstructured":"Barrett LF (1996) Hedonic tone, perceived arousal, and item desirability: three components of self-reported mood. Cogn Emot 10(1):47\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/026999396380385","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"issue":"4","key":"6454_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.74.4.967","volume":"74","author":"LF Barrett","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barrett LF, Russell JA (1998) Independence and bipolarity in the structure of current affect. J Pers Soc Psychol 74(4):967\u2013984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-3514.74.4.967","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6454_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.00003","volume":"8","author":"LF Barrett","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barrett LF, Russell JA (1999) The structure of current affect: controversies and emerging consensus. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 8(1):10\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1467-8721.00003","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"6454_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.7334\/psicothema2016.383","volume":"29","author":"MJ Blanca","year":"2017","unstructured":"Blanca MJ, Alarc\u00f3n R, Arnau J, Bono Cabr\u00e9 R, Bendayan R (2017) Non-normal data: is ANOVA still a valid option? Psicothema 29(4):552\u2013557. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7334\/psicothema2016.383","journal-title":"Psicothema"},{"issue":"2","key":"6454_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/10407410801949289","volume":"20","author":"CT Bonnet","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bonnet CT, Faugloire E, Riley MA, Bardy BG, Stoffregen TA (2008) Self-induced motion sickness and body movement during passive restraint. Ecol Psychol 20(2):121\u2013145","journal-title":"Ecol Psychol"},{"key":"6454_CR7","first-page":"117","volume":"5","author":"S Bouchard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bouchard S, Robillard G, Renaud P (2007) Revising the factor structure of the simulator sickness questionnaire. Annu Rev Cyberther Telemed 5:117\u2013122","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cyberther Telemed"},{"issue":"1","key":"6454_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9","volume":"25","author":"MM Bradley","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bradley MM, Lang PJ (1994) Measuring emotion: the self-assessment manikin and the semantic differential. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 25(1):49\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0005-7916(94)90063-9","journal-title":"J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry"},{"key":"6454_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6102\/zis242","author":"B Breyer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Breyer B, Bluemke M (2016) Deutsche Version der positive and negative affect schedule PANAS (GESIS Panel). Zusammenstellung Sozialwissenschaftlicher Items Und Skalen (ZIS). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6102\/zis242","journal-title":"Zusammenstellung Sozialwissenschaftlicher Items Und Skalen (ZIS)"},{"key":"6454_CR10","unstructured":"Brown, R. HTC Vive Cosmos. VRcompare, available at https:\/\/vr-compare.com\/headset\/htcvivecosmos"},{"issue":"4","key":"6454_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2011.07.002","volume":"32","author":"S Bruck","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bruck S, Watters PA (2011) The factor structure of cybersickness. Displays 32(4):153\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.displa.2011.07.002","journal-title":"Displays"},{"issue":"4","key":"6454_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1007\/s10055-021-00513-6","volume":"25","author":"P Caserman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Caserman P, Garcia-Agundez A, G\u00f6bel S (2021) Cybersickness in current-generation virtual reality head-mounted displays: Systematic review and outlook. Virtual Reality 25(4):1153\u20131170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10055-021-00513-6","journal-title":"Virtual Reality"},{"issue":"4","key":"6454_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1007\/s10484-018-9412-6","volume":"43","author":"CE Cavanagh","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cavanagh CE, Larkin KT (2018) A critical review of the \u201cundoing hypothesis\u201d: do positive emotions undo the effects of stress? Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 43(4):259\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10484-018-9412-6","journal-title":"Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback"},{"issue":"5","key":"6454_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-200005","volume":"31","author":"Y-H Cha","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cha Y-H, Golding JF, Keshavarz B, Furman JM, Kim J-S, Lopez-Escamez JA, Magnusson M, Yates BJ, Lawson BD (2021) Motion sickness diagnostic criteria: consensus document of the classification committee of the b\u00e1r\u00e1ny society. J Vestib Res 31(5):327\u2013344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/VES-200005","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"key":"6454_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. Routledge, New York. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9780203771587","DOI":"10.4324\/9780203771587"},{"issue":"3","key":"6454_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2006.00420.x","volume":"15","author":"S Cohen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cohen S, Pressman SD (2006) Positive affect and health. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 15(3):122\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.0963-7214.2006.00420.x","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci"},{"key":"6454_CR17","unstructured":"HTC Corporation (n.d.). Vive cosmos\u2014specifications, available at https:\/\/www.vive.com\/de\/product\/vive-cosmos\/specs\/"},{"issue":"38","key":"6454_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E7900","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1702247114","volume":"114","author":"AS Cowen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cowen AS, Keltner D (2017) Self-report captures 27 distinct categories of emotion bridged by continuous gradients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114(38):E7900\u2013E7909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1702247114","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"6454_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.entcs.2019.04.009","volume":"343","author":"M Egger","year":"2019","unstructured":"Egger M, Ley M, Hanke S (2019) Emotion recognition from physiological signal analysis: a review. Electron Notes Theor Comput Sci 343:35\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.entcs.2019.04.009","journal-title":"Electron Notes Theor Comput Sci"},{"key":"6454_CR20","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Nebraska Symposium on Motivation","author":"P Ekman","year":"1972","unstructured":"Ekman P (1972) Universals and cultural differences in facial expressions of emotion. In: Cole J (ed) Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. University of Nebraska Press, pp 207\u2013283"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"6454_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1080\/02699939208411068","volume":"6","author":"P Ekman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ekman P (1992) An argument for basic emotions. Cogn Emot 6(3\u20134):169\u2013200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699939208411068","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"issue":"1","key":"6454_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1515\/semi.1971.3.1.37","volume":"3","author":"P Ekman","year":"1971","unstructured":"Ekman P, Friesen WV, Tomkins SS (1971) Facial affect scoring technique: a first validity study. Semiotica 3(1):37\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/semi.1971.3.1.37","journal-title":"Semiotica"},{"key":"6454_CR23","unstructured":"Virtual Escapes (2019). Jitter (Version 1.3) [Computer software], Unity Technologies, available at https:\/\/assetstore.unity.com\/packages\/tools\/animation\/jitter-136861"},{"issue":"4","key":"6454_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1149","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","volume":"41","author":"F Faul","year":"2009","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Buchner A, Lang A-G (2009) Statistical power analyses using G* Power 3.1: Tests for correlation and regression analyses. Behav Res Methods 41(4):1149\u20131160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BRM.41.4.1149","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"issue":"8","key":"6454_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"806","DOI":"10.1177\/0146167295218003","volume":"21","author":"LA Feldmann","year":"1995","unstructured":"Feldmann LA (1995) Variations in the circumplex structure of mood. Pers Soc Psychol Bull 21(8):806\u2013817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0146167295218003","journal-title":"Pers Soc Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"3","key":"6454_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1037\/1089-2680.2.3.300","volume":"2","author":"BL Fredrickson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fredrickson BL (1998) What good are positive emotions? Rev Gen Psychol 2(3):300\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1089-2680.2.3.300","journal-title":"Rev Gen Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"6454_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1080\/026999398379718","volume":"12","author":"BL Fredrickson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fredrickson BL, Levenson RW (1998) Positive emotions speed recovery from the cardiovascular sequelae of negative emotions. Cogn Emot 12(2):191\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/026999398379718","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"issue":"3","key":"6454_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-014-0500-0","volume":"47","author":"CA Gabert-Quillen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gabert-Quillen CA, Bartolini EE, Abravanel BT, Sanislow CA (2015) Ratings for emotion film clips. Behav Res Methods 47(3):773\u2013787. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/s13428-014-0500-0","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"6454_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2016.12.004","volume":"203","author":"AM Gavgani","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gavgani AM, Nesbitt KV, Blackmore KL, Nalivaiko E (2017) Profiling subjective symptoms and autonomic changes associated with cybersickness. Auton Neurosci 203:41\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.autneu.2016.12.004","journal-title":"Auton Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"6454_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.23.3.267","volume":"23","author":"KM Gil","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gil KM, Carson JW, Porter LS, Scipio C, Bediako SM, Orringer E (2004) Daily mood and stress predict pain, health care use, and work activity in african american adults with sickle-cell disease. Health Psychol 23(3):267\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-6133.23.3.267","journal-title":"Health Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"6454_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000163","volume":"28","author":"JF Golding","year":"2015","unstructured":"Golding JF, Gresty MA (2015) Pathophysiology and treatment of motion sickness. Curr Opin Neurol 28(1):83\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000163","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"6454_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2021.576871","author":"JF Golding","year":"2021","unstructured":"Golding JF, Rafiq A, Keshavarz B (2021) Predicting individual susceptibility to visually induced motion sickness by questionnaire. Front Virtual Real. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frvir.2021.576871","journal-title":"Front Virtual Real"},{"issue":"8","key":"6454_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159915","volume":"11","author":"C Harmon-Jones","year":"2016","unstructured":"Harmon-Jones C, Bastian B, Harmon-Jones E (2016) The discrete emotions questionnaire: a new tool for measuring state self-reported emotions. PLoS ONE 11(8):e0159915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0159915","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6454_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/frvir.2020.582095","author":"W Hemmerich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hemmerich W, Keshavarz B, Hecht H (2020) Visually induced motion sickness on the horizon. Front Virtual Real. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frvir.2020.582095","journal-title":"Front Virtual Real"},{"issue":"1","key":"6454_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2018.1518543","volume":"62","author":"J Heutink","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heutink J, Broekman M, Brookhuis KA, Melis-Dankers BJM, Cordes C (2019) The effects of habituation and adding a rest-frame on experienced simulator sickness in an advanced mobility scooter driving simulator. Ergonomics 62(1):65\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139.2018.1518543","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"3","key":"6454_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.5958\/0973-5674.2015.00125.2","volume":"9","author":"C Jannu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jannu C (2015) An experimental study to findout the effect of visual\u2013vestibular habituation and balance training exercises in patients with motion sickness. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 9(3):209\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5958\/0973-5674.2015.00125.2","journal-title":"Indian J Physiother Occup Ther"},{"issue":"4","key":"6454_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000224","volume":"146","author":"DL Joseph","year":"2020","unstructured":"Joseph DL, Chan MY, Heintzelman SJ, Tay L, Diener E, Scotney VS (2020) The manipulation of affect: a meta-analysis of affect induction procedures. Psychol Bull 146(4):355\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000224","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"2","key":"6454_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-021-06303-5","volume":"240","author":"M Kaufeld","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaufeld M, de Coninck K, Schmidt J, Hecht H (2022a) Chewing gum reduces visually induced motion sickness. Exp Brain Res 240(2):651\u2013663. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-021-06303-5","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"6454_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.displa.2022.102283","author":"M Kaufeld","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kaufeld M, Mundt M, Forst S, Hecht H (2022b) Optical see-through augmented reality can induce severe motion sickness. Displays. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.displa.2022.102283","journal-title":"Displays"},{"issue":"3","key":"6454_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327108ijap0303_3","volume":"3","author":"RS Kennedy","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kennedy RS, Lane NE, Berbaum KS, Lilienthal MG (1993) Simulator sickness questionnaire: an enhanced method for quantifying simulator sickness. Int J Aviat Psychol 3(3):203\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15327108ijap0303_3","journal-title":"Int J Aviat Psychol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6454_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1177\/0018720811403736","volume":"53","author":"B Keshavarz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Keshavarz B, Hecht H (2011) Validating an efficient method to quantify motion sickness. Hum Factors 53(4):415\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0018720811403736","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"issue":"3","key":"6454_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.07.009","volume":"45","author":"B Keshavarz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keshavarz B, Hecht H (2014) Pleasant music as a countermeasure against visually induced motion sickness. Appl Ergon 45(3):521\u2013527. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apergo.2013.07.009","journal-title":"Appl Ergon"},{"key":"6454_CR43","volume-title":"Handbook of virtual environments: design, implementation, and applications","author":"B Keshavarz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Keshavarz B, Hecht H, Lawson BD (2014) Visually induced motion sickness: causes, characteristics, and countermeasures. In: Hale KS, Stanney KM (eds) Handbook of virtual environments: design, implementation, and applications, 2nd edn. CRC Press, Boca Raton","edition":"2"},{"issue":"5","key":"6454_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-015-4209-9","volume":"233","author":"B Keshavarz","year":"2015","unstructured":"Keshavarz B, Stelzmann D, Paillard AC, Hecht H (2015) Visually induced motion sickness can be alleviated by pleasant odors. Exp Brain Res 233(5):1353\u20131364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-015-4209-9","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"6454_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00187208211008687","author":"B Keshavarz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Keshavarz B, Murovec B, Mohanathas N, Golding JF (2021) The visually induced motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire (VIMSSQ): estimating individual susceptibility to motion sickness-like symptoms when using visual devices. Hum Factors. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00187208211008687","journal-title":"Hum Factors"},{"issue":"5","key":"6454_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2005.00349.x","volume":"42","author":"YY Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim YY, Kim HJ, Kim EN, Ko HD, Kim HT (2005) Characteristic changes in the physiological components of cybersickness. Psychophysiology 42(5):616\u2013625. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.2005.00349.x","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"6454_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-91573-w","author":"H Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim H, Kim DJ, Chung WH, Park K-A, Kim JDK, Kim D, Kim K, Jeon HJ (2021) Clinical predictors of cybersickness in virtual reality (VR) among highly stressed people. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-021-91573-w","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"41","key":"6454_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2018.0687","volume":"115","author":"A Koch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koch A, Cascorbi I, Westhofen M, Dafotakis M, Klapa S, Kuhtz-Buschbeck JP (2018) The neurophysiology and treatment of motion sickness. Dtsch Arztebl Int 115(41):687\u2013696. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2018.0687","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"6454_CR49","first-page":"29","volume-title":"Handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment","author":"PJ Lang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lang PJ, Bradley MM (2007) The international affective picture system (IAPS) in the study of emotion and attention. In: Coan JA, Allen JJB (eds) Handbook of emotion elicitation and assessment. Oxford University Press, pp 29\u201346"},{"issue":"3","key":"6454_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03352.x","volume":"30","author":"PJ Lang","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lang PJ, Greenwald MK, Bradley MM, Hamm AO (1993) Looking at pictures: affective, facial, visceral, and behavioral reactions. Psychophysiology 30(3):261\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1993.tb03352.x","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"6454_CR51","unstructured":"Lang,\u00a0P.\u00a0J., Bradley,\u00a0M.\u00a0M., & Cuthbert,\u00a0B.\u00a0N. (1997). International affective picture system (IAPS): Technical manual and affective ratings, NIMH Center for the Study of Emotion and Attention, available at https:\/\/www2.unifesp.br\/dpsicobio\/adap\/instructions.pdf"},{"issue":"5","key":"6454_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1097\/PSY.0b013e3181a2515c","volume":"71","author":"J Michalak","year":"2009","unstructured":"Michalak J, Troje NF, Fischer J, Vollmar P, Heidenreich T, Schulte D (2009) Embodiment of sadness and depression\u2014gait patterns associated with dysphoric mood. Psychosom Med 71(5):580\u2013587","journal-title":"Psychosom Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"6454_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-200702","volume":"30","author":"JM Mittelstaedt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mittelstaedt JM (2020) Individual predictors of the susceptibility for motion-related sickness: a systematic review. J Vestib Res 30(3):165\u2013193. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/VES-200702","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"6454_CR54","first-page":"52","volume":"6","author":"G Nabizadeh Chianeh","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nabizadeh Chianeh G, Vahedi S, Rostami M, Nazari MA (2012) Validity and reliability of self-assessment manikin. J Res Psychol Health 6(2):52\u201361","journal-title":"J Res Psychol Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"6454_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-014-2276-2","volume":"22","author":"IN Olver","year":"2014","unstructured":"Olver IN, Eliott JA, Koczwara B (2014) A qualitative study investigating chemotherapy-induced nausea as a symptom cluster. Support Care Cancer 22(10):2749\u20132756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-014-2276-2","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"6454_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.02.049","volume":"566","author":"AC Paillard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paillard AC, Lam\u00f4r\u00e9 M, Etard O, Millot J-L, Jacquot L, Denise P, Quarck G (2014) Is there a relationship between odors and motion sickness? Neurosci Lett 566:326\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.02.049","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"6454_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-130501","volume":"23","author":"AC Paillard","year":"2013","unstructured":"Paillard AC, Quarck G, Paolino F, Denise P, Paolino M, Golding JF, Ghulyan-Bedikian V (2013) Motion sickness susceptibility in healthy subjects and vestibular patients: effects of gender, age and trait-anxiety. J Vestib Res 23(4\u20135):203\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/VES-130501","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"key":"6454_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panksepp,\u00a0J. (1998). Affective neuroscience: the foundations of human and animal emotions, Oxford University Press.","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195096736.001.0001"},{"issue":"5\u20136","key":"6454_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-190653","volume":"28","author":"L Passamonti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Passamonti L, Riccelli R, Lacquaniti F, Staab JP, Indovina I (2018) Brain responses to virtual reality visual motion stimulation are affected by neurotic personality traits in patients with persistent postural-perceptual dizziness. J Vestib Res 28(5\u20136):369\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/VES-190653","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"6454_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2347","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-020-05871-2","volume":"238","author":"K Peck","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peck K, Russo F, Campos JL, Keshavarz B (2020) Examining potential effects of arousal, valence, and likability of music on visually induced motion sickness. Exp Brain Res 238(10):2347\u20132358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-020-05871-2","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"6454_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ranasinghe,\u00a0N., Jain,\u00a0P., Tolley,\u00a0D., Karwita Tailan,\u00a0S., Yen,\u00a0C.\u00a0C., & Do,\u00a0E.\u00a0Y.\u00a0L. (2020). Exploring the use of olfactory stimuli towards reducing visually induced motion sickness in virtual reality. In Symposium on Spatial User Interaction.","DOI":"10.1145\/3385959.3418451"},{"issue":"11","key":"6454_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1177\/014107687807101109","volume":"71","author":"JT Reason","year":"1978","unstructured":"Reason JT (1978) Motion sickness adaptation: a neural mismatch model. J R Soc Med 71(11):819\u2013829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/014107687807101109","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"6454_CR63","volume-title":"Motion sickness","author":"JT Reason","year":"1975","unstructured":"Reason JT, Brand JJ (1975) Motion sickness. Academic Press, Cambridge"},{"issue":"12","key":"6454_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-021-06226-1","volume":"239","author":"AJC Reuten","year":"2021","unstructured":"Reuten AJC, Nooij SA, Bos JE, Smeets JBJ (2021) How feelings of unpleasantness develop during the progression of motion sickness symptoms. Exp Brain Res 239(12):3615\u20133624. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-021-06226-1","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"6454_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1207\/s15326969eco0303_2","volume":"3","author":"GE Riccio","year":"1991","unstructured":"Riccio GE, Stoffregen TA (1991) An ecological theory of motion sickness and postural instability. Ecol Psychol 3(3):195\u2013240","journal-title":"Ecol Psychol"},{"key":"6454_CR66","unstructured":"Robertson,\u00a0A. (2019). Vive Cosmos review: not out of this world. A decent headset that can\u2019t beat the competition, The Verge, available at https:\/\/www.theverge.com\/2019\/10\/10\/20907998\/vive-cosmos-vr-headset-review-price-specs-features-test"},{"issue":"6","key":"6454_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1037\/h0077714","volume":"39","author":"JA Russell","year":"1980","unstructured":"Russell JA (1980) A circumplex model of affect. J Pers Soc Psychol 39(6):1161\u20131178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0077714","journal-title":"J Pers Soc Psychol"},{"key":"6454_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00096","author":"D Saredakis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Saredakis D, Szpak A, Birckhead B, Keage HAD, Rizzo A, Loetscher T (2020) Factors associated with virtual reality sickness in head-mounted displays: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Hum Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2020.00096","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"6454_CR69","unstructured":"Shimmer. (n.d.). Shimmer3 GSR+ Unit, available at http:\/\/www.shimmersensing.com\/products\/shimmer3-wireless-gsr-sensor"},{"issue":"12","key":"6454_CR70","first-page":"1213","volume":"77","author":"A Shupak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shupak A, Gordon CR (2006) Motion sickness: advances in pathogenesis, prediction, prevention, and treatment. Aviat Space Environ Med 77(12):1213\u20131223","journal-title":"Aviat Space Environ Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"6454_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073917749016","volume":"11","author":"E Siedlecka","year":"2019","unstructured":"Siedlecka E, Denson TF (2019) Experimental methods for inducing basic emotions: a qualitative review. Emot Rev 11(1):87\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1754073917749016","journal-title":"Emot Rev"},{"key":"6454_CR72","unstructured":"Van der Spek,\u00a0E.\u00a0D., Bos,\u00a0J.\u00a0E., van Emmerik,\u00a0M.\u00a0L., Toet,\u00a0A., & Houtkamp,\u00a0J. (2007). Cybersickness affects the affective appraisal of a virtual environment. In Proceedings of the First International Symposium on Visually Induced Motion Sickness, Fatigue, and Photosensitive Epileptic Seizures (VIMS2007), Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 170\u2013177."},{"issue":"3","key":"6454_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1051","DOI":"10.2466\/pms.2003.97.3f.1051","volume":"97","author":"H Wan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Wan H, Hu S, Wang J (2003) Correlation of phasic and tonic skin-conductance responses with severity of motion sickness induced by viewing an optokinetic rotating drum. Percept Mot Skills 97(3):1051\u20131057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2466\/pms.2003.97.3f.1051","journal-title":"Percept Mot Skills"},{"issue":"2","key":"6454_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdsr.2008.07.003","volume":"44","author":"T Yamamoto","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamamoto T (2008) Central mechanisms of taste: Cognition, emotion and taste-elicited behaviors. Jpn Dent Sci Rev 44(2):91\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdsr.2008.07.003","journal-title":"Jpn Dent Sci Rev"},{"key":"6454_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yatim,\u00a0B., & Ismail,\u00a0S. (2002). MANOVA versus alternative methods. In AIP Conference Proceedings, Vol. 1635, 934\u2013939, American Institute of Physics, doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1063\/1.4903694","DOI":"10.1063\/1.4903694"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"6454_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-2003-132-302","volume":"13","author":"LR Young","year":"2003","unstructured":"Young LR, Sienko KH, Lyne LE, Hecht H, Natapoff A (2003) Adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex, subjective tilt, and motion sickness to head movements during short-radius centrifugation. J Vestib Res 13(2\u20133):65\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/VES-2003-132-302","journal-title":"J Vestib Res"}],"container-title":["Experimental Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-022-06454-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00221-022-06454-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-022-06454-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,26]],"date-time":"2023-11-26T11:57:48Z","timestamp":1700999868000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00221-022-06454-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"references-count":76,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["6454"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-022-06454-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4819","1432-1106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 July 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 August 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The datasets generated during and\/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data availability"}},{"value":"The research protocol was approved by the institutional ethics board (Fraunhofer) and was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual subjects included in the study.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}