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Thus, in this study, we examined the acute effects of Active and Sham tDCS on the soleus H-reflex during standing. In fourteen adults without known neurological conditions, the soleus H-reflex was repeatedly elicited at just above M-wave threshold throughout 30\u00a0min of Active (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) or Sham (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) 2-mA tDCS over the primary motor cortex in standing. The maximum H-reflex (H<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) and M-wave (M<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) were also measured before and immediately after 30\u00a0min of tDCS. The soleus H-reflex amplitudes became significantly larger (by 6%) \u22481\u00a0min into Active or Sham tDCS and gradually returned toward the pre-tDCS values, on average, within 15\u00a0min. With Active tDCS, the amplitude reduction from the initial increase appeared to occur more swiftly than with Sham tDCS. An acute temporary increase in the soleus H-reflex amplitude within the first minute of Active and Sham tDCS found in this study indicates a previously unreported effect of tDCS on the H-reflex excitability. The present study suggests that neurophysiological characterization of Sham tDCS effects is just as important as investigating Active tDCS effects in understanding and defining acute effects of tDCS on the excitability of spinal reflex pathways.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-023-06624-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T10:02:16Z","timestamp":1683280936000},"page":"1611-1622","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Effects of active and sham tDCS on the soleus H-reflex during standing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"241","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4104-5937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lynn M.","family":"McCane","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan R.","family":"Wolpaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9486-8537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aiko K.","family":"Thompson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"6624_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18185","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-54621-0","volume":"9","author":"D Agboada","year":"2019","unstructured":"Agboada D, Mosayebi Samani M, Jamil A, Kuo MF, Nitsche MA (2019) Expanding the parameter space of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex. 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