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However, when latency associated with a movement outcome becomes variable or noisy, this ability to compensate is tested. We aimed to identify the thresholds at which delays disrupt tracking to understand the limits of visuomotor prediction and error correction. Participants performed a visually guided pursuit task following a target along a curvilinear path, while eye and cursor movements were recorded under various latency conditions. Cursor position was recorded throughout each trial to quantify mouse-to-cursor latency, cursor velocity, and cursor\u2013target error. In the first study, latency was constant within trials. Six latency magnitudes (0\u2013300\u00a0ms) were tested and their impact on tracking performance analysed. Spectral analysis of cursor velocity showed that under high latency, pursuit submovements shifted to lower frequencies interspersed with high frequency corrective actions, whereas under low latency conditions, smoother tracking dominated. In the second study, abrupt changes in cursor latency were introduced mid-trial. Step increases in latency resulted in larger positional errors and increased corrective submovements, while decreases in latency led to rapid error reduction and a return to smoother tracking. These transitions highlight the visuomotor system\u2019s ability to recalibrate in response to latency variability. Together these results show that error correction mechanisms rapidly respond to changes in latency depending on its magnitude. These results may inform the design of assistive display technologies that maintain performance under challenging conditions and increase safety in high-risk environments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-026-07291-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T09:14:45Z","timestamp":1777713285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The impact of varying cursor latency on visuomotor tracking"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"244","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3943-6640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucy J","family":"Turner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven D","family":"Wiederman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica L","family":"O\u2019Rielly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Ma-Wyatt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"7291_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2012.00235","volume":"6","author":"DH Arnold","year":"2012","unstructured":"Arnold DH, Nancarrow K, Yarrow K (2012) The critical events for motor-sensory temporal recalibration. 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All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organisation or entity with financial interest or non-financial interest in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Adelaide University Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC) (approval number 23\/08) and conducted in accordance with the National Statement on Ethical Conduct in Human Research (2007, updated 2018) and the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its later amendments. All participants provided written informed consent prior to participation. The research involved adult volunteers aged 18\u201343 years with normal or corrected vision, recruited from the Adelaide University community. Participants were informed of their right to withdraw at any time without penalty.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"105"}}