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However, how externally provided auditory pacing influences motor and neural responses under dual-task conditions remains unclear. This study employed a repeated-measures experimental design, studying eighteen young adults (Mean age 23.5\u2009\u00b1\u20094 years) who underwent three conditions: (1) foot tapping only (single task), (2) foot tapping and a mental task (dual task), and (3) foot tapping, mental task, and auditory pacing biofeedback (dual task\u2009+\u2009biofeedback). Ankle joint movements using Xsens IMU\u2019s (Inertial Motion Units) and brain activities using EEG (electroencephalography) were measured in these three conditions. Results showed that dual tasks significantly reduced (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01) the range of motion and increased (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) the variability of ankle joint range of motion, suggesting a decline in foot tapping performance compared to the single-task condition. The decline was accompanied by significant increases (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05) in relative high-beta power in EEG, consistent with heightened cognitive-motor demand during dual-tasking. In the dual-task\u2009+\u2009biofeedback condition, kinematic measures returned to values statistically indistinguishable from the single-task condition and response times in the cognitive task were significantly reduced, without a loss of accuracy. The relative high-beta power was also significantly reduced, compared with the dual-task condition, which may reflect increased entrainment to external cues or a reduction in cognitive load. These results support the role of auditory pacing in facilitating movement performance under dual-tasking conditions, while highlighting the need for future studies to dissociate entrainment effects from changes in cognitive workload.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-026-07313-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T07:40:40Z","timestamp":1777880440000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Effects of a secondary mental task and additional auditory feedback on body movements and EEG"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"244","author":[{"given":"Swapno","family":"Aditya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucy","family":"Armitage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evangelos","family":"Pappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Traynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winson Chiu-Chun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"01","key":"7313_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2350034","DOI":"10.1142\/s1469026823500347","volume":"23","author":"S Abedian","year":"2024","unstructured":"Abedian S, Bajestani GS, Saeedi H, Makhloughi F (2024) Diagnosis of adult ADHD using EEG signals based on the spectrogram and convolutional neural networks. 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