{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T14:09:50Z","timestamp":1780668590675,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778457600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Brain Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-026-07317-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T08:17:35Z","timestamp":1778487455000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reliability of force production based on the sense of effort at different force levels"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"244","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8409-8338","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ryosuke","family":"Sugaya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"7317_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2991-6","volume":"217","author":"DE Adamo","year":"2012","unstructured":"Adamo DE, Scotland S, Martin BJ (2012) Asymmetry in grasp force matching and sense of effort. Exp Brain Res 217:273\u2013285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-011-2991-6","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"7317_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-8-57","volume":"8","author":"E Ageberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ageberg E, Flenhagen J, Ljung J (2007) Test-retest reliability of knee kinesthesia in healthy adults. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 8:57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2474-8-57","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"7317_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2020.1745898","volume":"63","author":"H Asadi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Asadi H, Zhou G, Lee JJ, Aggarwal V, Yu D (2020) A computer vision approach for classifying isometric grip force exertion levels. Ergonomics 63:1010\u20131026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139.2020.1745898","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"7317_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-199826040-00002","volume":"26","author":"G Atkinson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Atkinson G, Nevill AM (1998) Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine. Sports Med 26:217\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-199826040-00002","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"7317_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-019-2623-z","volume":"20","author":"Z Bai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bai Z, Shu T, Niu W (2019) Test-retest reliability and measurement errors of grip strength test in patients with traumatic injuries in the upper extremity: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 20:256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-019-2623-z","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"7317_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00634378","volume":"70","author":"M Bernardi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bernardi M, Solomonow M, Sanchez JH, Baratta RV, Nguyen G (1995) Motor unit recruitment strategy of knee antagonist muscles in a step-wise, increasing isometric contraction. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 70:493\u2013501. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00634378","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7317_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/24.supplement_1.s7","volume":"24","author":"JM Bland","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bland JM, Altman DG (1995) Comparing two methods of clinical measurement: a personal history. Int J Epidemiol 24(Suppl 1):S7\u2013S14. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ije\/24.supplement_1.s7","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"7317_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03207391","volume":"1","author":"JC Bliss","year":"1966","unstructured":"Bliss JC, Crane HD, Mansfield PK, Townsend JT (1966) Information available in brief tactile presentations. Percept Psychophys 1:273\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03207391","journal-title":"Percept Psychophys"},{"key":"7317_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1109\/TOH.2013.6","volume":"6","author":"IM Bullock","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bullock IM, Zheng JZ, De La Rosa S, Guertler C, Dollar AM (2013) Grasp frequency and usage in daily household and machine shop tasks. IEEE Trans Haptics 6:296\u2013308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/TOH.2013.6","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Haptics"},{"key":"7317_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1080\/13854046.2013.809795","volume":"27","author":"M Calamia","year":"2013","unstructured":"Calamia M, Markon K, Tranel D (2013) The robust reliability of neuropsychological measures: meta-analyses of test-retest correlations. Clin Neuropsychol 27:1077\u20131105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13854046.2013.809795","journal-title":"Clin Neuropsychol"},{"key":"7317_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.5672\/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2024\/4).158.06","volume":"158","author":"E Caro","year":"2024","unstructured":"Caro E, Lapuente-Sagarra M, Caparr\u00f3s T, Paj\u00f3n D, Campos-V\u00e1zquez MA (2024) Analysis of the submaximal intensity periods during the competitive microcycle in professional football players. Apunts Educ F\u00eds Deporte 158:52\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5672\/apunts.2014-0983.es.(2024\/4).158.06","journal-title":"Apunts Educ F\u00eds Deporte"},{"key":"7317_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1873","volume":"10","author":"MS Christensen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Christensen MS, Lundbye-Jensen J, Geertsen SS, Petersen TH, Paulson OB, Nielsen JB (2007) Premotor cortex modulates somatosensory cortex during voluntary movements without proprioceptive feedback. Nat Neurosci 10:417\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn1873","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"7317_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284","volume":"6","author":"DV Cicchetti","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cicchetti DV (1994) Guidelines, criteria, and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychol Assess 6:284\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1040-3590.6.4.284","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"7317_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c4467","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c4467","volume":"341","author":"R Cooper","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cooper R, Kuh D, Hardy R, Mortality Review Group, FALCon and HALCyon Study Teams (2010) Objectively measured physical capability levels and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 341:c4467. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.c4467","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"7317_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012566","volume":"285","author":"JE Desmedt","year":"1978","unstructured":"Desmedt JE, Godaux E (1978) Ballistic contractions in fast or slow human muscles: discharge patterns of single motor units. J Physiol 285:185\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1978.sp012566","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"7317_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-072116-031548","volume":"40","author":"AK Dhawale","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dhawale AK, Smith MA, \u00d6lveczky BP (2017) The role of variability in motor learning. Annu Rev Neurosci 40:479\u2013498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-neuro-072116-031548","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"7317_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1631","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.5.1631","volume":"72","author":"RM Enoka","year":"1992","unstructured":"Enoka RM, Stuart DG (1992) Neurobiology of muscle fatigue. J Appl Physiol 72:1631\u20131648. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.5.1631","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"7317_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feltz CJ, Miller GE (1996) An asymptotic test for the equality of coefficients of variation from k populations. Stat Med 15:647\u2013658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sici1097-025819960330156647aidsim18430co2p","DOI":"10.1002\/sici1097-025819960330156647aidsim18430co2p"},{"key":"7317_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002888","volume":"35","author":"E Fiogb\u00e9","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fiogb\u00e9 E, Vassimon-Barroso V, Catai AM, de Melo RC, Quit\u00e9rio RJ, Porta A, Takahashi ACM (2021) Complexity of knee extensor torque: effect of aging and contraction intensity. J Strength Cond Res 35:1050\u20131057. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002888","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"7317_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1037\/h0055392","volume":"47","author":"PM Fitts","year":"1954","unstructured":"Fitts PM (1954) The information capacity of the human motor system in controlling the amplitude of movement. J Exp Psychol 47:381\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0055392","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"7317_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00095","volume":"12","author":"L Furlan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Furlan L, Sterr A (2018) The applicability of standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change to motor learning research: a behavioral study. Front Hum Neurosci 12:95. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2018.00095","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"7317_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0216065","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0216065","volume":"14","author":"A Geerinck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Geerinck A, Alekna V, Beaudart C, Bautmans I, Cooper C, De Souza Orlandi F, Konstantynowicz J, Montero-Errasqu\u00edn B, Topinkov\u00e1 E, Tsekoura M, Reginster JY, Bruy\u00e8re O (2019) Standard error of measurement and smallest detectable change of the Sarcopenia quality of life (SarQoL) questionnaire: an analysis of subjects from 9 validation studies. PLoS ONE 14:e0216065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0216065","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7317_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.3390\/jfmk9040274","volume":"9","author":"P Gr\u00e4nicher","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gr\u00e4nicher P, Maurer Y, Sp\u00f6rri J, Haller B, Swanenburg J, de Bie RA, Lenssen TAF, Scherr J (2024) Accuracy and reliability of grip strength measurements: A comparative device analysis. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 9:274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jfmk9040274","journal-title":"J Funct Morphol Kinesiol"},{"key":"7317_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2003.10.018","volume":"19","author":"P Haggard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Haggard P, Whitford B (2004) Supplementary motor area provides an efferent signal for sensory suppression. Cogn Brain Res 19:52\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2003.10.018","journal-title":"Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"7317_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s004220050398","volume":"77","author":"S Hanneton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hanneton S, Berthoz A, Droulez J, Slotine JJE (1997) Does the brain use sliding variables for the control of movements? Biol Cybern 77:381\u2013393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004220050398","journal-title":"Biol Cybern"},{"key":"7317_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1038\/29528","volume":"394","author":"CM Harris","year":"1998","unstructured":"Harris CM, Wolpert DM (1998) Signal-dependent noise determines motor planning. Nature 394:780\u2013784. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/29528","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7317_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.14859\/jjtehpe.18.35","volume":"18","author":"Y Hayashi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hayashi Y, Takahashi S, Hayami T (2019) Effects of exercise experience during each educational stage on the coordination ability in grip strength of university students. Hum Perform Meas 18:35\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14859\/jjtehpe.18.35","journal-title":"Hum Perform Meas"},{"key":"7317_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002812","volume":"34","author":"AD Heishman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Heishman AD, Daub BD, Miller RM, Freitas EDS, Frantz BA, Bemben MG (2020) Countermovement jump reliability performed with and without an arm swing in NCAA Division 1 intercollegiate basketball players. J Strength Cond Res 34:546\u2013558. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000002812","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"7317_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1188","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31820a94b8","volume":"43","author":"T Hortob\u00e1gyi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hortob\u00e1gyi T, Richardson SP, Lomarev M, Shamim E, Meunier S, Russman H, Dang N, Hallett M (2011) Interhemispheric plasticity in humans. Med Sci Sports Exerc 43:1188\u20131199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e31820a94b8","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"7317_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-025-08902-7","volume":"26","author":"K Ikeda","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ikeda K, Ikumi A, Onishi S, Ogawa T, Kohyama S, Yoshii Y (2025) Predicting refractoriness in lateral epicondylitis using initial grip strength and QuickDASH: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 26:645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-025-08902-7","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"7317_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.5114\/biolsport.2025.148537","volume":"42","author":"Y Irid","year":"2025","unstructured":"Irid Y, Hutin J, Toussaint J, Sedeaud A (2025) Exploring the most demanding scenarios in elite youth basketball: a comprehensive analysis across playing positions and time windows. Biol Sport 42:37\u201347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/biolsport.2025.148537","journal-title":"Biol Sport"},{"key":"7317_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2002.10609013","volume":"73","author":"AW Jackson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jackson AW, Dishman RK, Martin SB (2002) Perceived leg extension and flexion forces of young adult men and women: comparison to previous findings. Res Q Exerc Sport 73:225\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02701367.2002.10609013","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"key":"7317_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1080\/02701367.2006.10599331","volume":"77","author":"AW Jackson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jackson AW, Ludtke AW, Martin SB, Koziris LP, Dishman RK (2006) Perceived submaximal force production in young adults. Res Q Exerc Sport 77:50\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02701367.2006.10599331","journal-title":"Res Q Exerc Sport"},{"key":"7317_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181884480","volume":"41","author":"EB John","year":"2009","unstructured":"John EB, Liu W, Gregory RW (2009) Biomechanics of muscular effort: age-related changes. Med Sci Sports Exerc 41:418\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0b013e3181884480","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"7317_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.100.1.29","volume":"100","author":"LA Jones","year":"1986","unstructured":"Jones LA (1986) Perception of force and weight: Theory and research. Psychol Bull 100:29\u201342","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"7317_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1589\/jpts.18.11","volume":"18","author":"S Kai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kai S, Nakahara M, Watari K, Murakami S, Yoshimoto R (2006) Knee joint angle at the time of adjustment to submaximal jumping in healthy men. J Phys Ther Sci 18:11\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1589\/jpts.18.11","journal-title":"J Phys Ther Sci"},{"key":"7317_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.5.2224","volume":"91","author":"DS Kern","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kern DS, Semmler JG, Enoka RM (2001) Long-term activity in upper- and lower-limb muscles of humans. J Appl Physiol 91:2224\u20132232. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.5.2224","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"7317_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koo TK, Li MY (2016) A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med 15:155\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"7317_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139408964913","volume":"37","author":"S Kumar","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kumar S, Simmonds M (1994) The accuracy of magnitude production of submaximal precision and power grips and gross motor efforts. Ergonomics 37:1345\u20131353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139408964913","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"7317_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-8141(96)00045-5","volume":"20","author":"S Kumar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kumar S, Narayan Y, Chouinard K (1997) Effort reproduction accuracy in pinching, gripping, and lifting among industrial males. Int J Ind Ergon 20:109\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0169-8141(96)00045-5","journal-title":"Int J Ind Ergon"},{"key":"7317_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2008.05.004","volume":"18","author":"G Lafargue","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lafargue G, Franck N (2009) Effort awareness and sense of volition in schizophrenia. Conscious Cogn 18:277\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.concog.2008.05.004","journal-title":"Conscious Cogn"},{"key":"7317_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2741","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02700.x","volume":"17","author":"G Lafargue","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lafargue G, Paillard J, Lamarre Y, Sirigu A (2003) Production and perception of grip force without proprioception: is there a sense of effort in deafferented subjects? Eur J Neurosci 17:2741\u20132749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2003.02700.x","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"7317_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200737010-00001","volume":"37","author":"M Lee","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lee M, Carroll TJ (2007) Cross education: possible mechanisms for the contralateral effects of unilateral resistance training. Sports Med 37:1\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00007256-200737010-00001","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"7317_CR44","first-page":"787","volume":"18","author":"A Lees","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lees A, Vanrenterghem J, De Clercq D (2004) The maximal and submaximal vertical jump: Implications for strength and conditioning. J Strength Cond Res 18:787\u2013791","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"key":"7317_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-018-5224-4","volume":"236","author":"M Leung","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leung M, Rantalainen T, Teo WP, Kidgell D (2018) The ipsilateral corticospinal responses to cross-education are dependent upon the motor-training intervention. Exp Brain Res 236:1331\u20131346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-018-5224-4","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"7317_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-020-3187-7","volume":"21","author":"L Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li L, Li Y, Wu C, Zhang X (2020) Test-retest reliability of tip, key, and palmar pinch force sense in healthy adults. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 21:189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12891-020-3187-7","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"7317_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2022.2044521","volume":"65","author":"YX Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li YX, Li L, Chen X, Zhao Y, Zhao X, Zhang CL (2022) Assessment of grip force sense test-retest reliability in healthy male participants. Ergonomics 65:1621\u20131630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139.2022.2044521","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"key":"7317_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018721","volume":"440","author":"G Macefield","year":"1991","unstructured":"Macefield G, Hagbarth KE, Gorman R, Gandevia SC, Burke D (1991) Decline in spindle support to alpha-motoneurones during sustained voluntary contractions. J Physiol 440:497\u2013512. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018721","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"7317_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.66.6.66","volume":"66","author":"KM Madjedi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Madjedi KM, Stuart KV, Yin GS, Luben RN, Sun Z, Biradar M, Hu R, Foster PJ, Khaw PT, Bell KC, Crowston JG, Khawaja AP, UK Biobank Eye and Vision Consortium (2025) The association of muscle-related factors with glaucoma and related traits in a large United Kingdom population. Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci 66:66. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1167\/iovs.66.6.66","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol vis Sci"},{"key":"7317_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00231469","volume":"84","author":"N Mai","year":"1991","unstructured":"Mai N, Schreiber P, Hermsd\u00f6rfer J (1991) Changes in perceived finger force produced by muscular contractions under isometric and anisometric conditions. Exp Brain Res 84:453\u2013460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00231469","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"7317_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1152\/physiologyonline.1987.2.6.226","volume":"2","author":"DI McCloskey","year":"1987","unstructured":"McCloskey DI, Macefield G, Gandevia SC, Burke D (1987) Sensing position and movements of the fingers. News Physiol Sci 2(6):226\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiologyonline.1987.2.6.226","journal-title":"News Physiol Sci"},{"key":"7317_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.physbeh.2020.112933","volume":"222","author":"T Miyamoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miyamoto T, Kizuka T, Ono S (2020a) Influence of preceding muscle activity on perceptually guided force production during superimposed ballistic contraction. Physiol Behav 222:112933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.physbeh.2020.112933","journal-title":"Physiol Behav"},{"key":"7317_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-020-05831-9","volume":"238","author":"N Miyamoto","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miyamoto N, Hirata K, Kimura N, Kawakami Y (2020b) Influence of preceding muscle activity on perceptually guided force production during superimposed ballistic contraction. Exp Brain Res 238:1389\u20131398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-020-05831-9","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"7317_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1008707","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008707","volume":"17","author":"A Nagamori","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nagamori A, Laine CM, Loeb GE, Valero-Cuevas FJ (2021) Force variability is mostly not motor noise: theoretical implications for motor control. PLoS Comput Biol 17(3):e1008707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1008707","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7317_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.4992\/jjpsy.85.13235","volume":"85","author":"M Okubo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Okubo M, Suzuki H, Nicholls MER (2014) A Japanese version of the FLANDERS handedness questionnaire: reliability and validity. Jpn J Psychol 85(5):474\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4992\/jjpsy.85.13235","journal-title":"Jpn J Psychol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7317_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210170008","volume":"84","author":"DM Pincivero","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pincivero DM, Coelho AJ, Campy RM, Salfetnikov Y, Bright A (2001) The effects of voluntary contraction intensity and gender on perceived exertion during isokinetic quadriceps exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 84(3):221\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004210170008","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7317_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-014-0632-9","volume":"23","author":"DF Polit","year":"2014","unstructured":"Polit DF (2014) Getting serious about test\u2013retest reliability: a critique of retest research and some recommendations. Qual Life Res 23(6):1713\u20131720. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11136-014-0632-9","journal-title":"Qual Life Res"},{"key":"7317_CR59","first-page":"569","volume-title":"Oxford handbook of human action: social cognition and social neuroscience","author":"J Preston","year":"2009","unstructured":"Preston J, Wegner DM (2009) Elbow grease: when action feels like work. In: Morsella E, Bargh JA, Gollwitzer PM (eds) Oxford handbook of human action: social cognition and social neuroscience. Oxford University Press, New York, pp 569\u2013586"},{"issue":"4","key":"7317_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00048.2011","volume":"92","author":"U Proske","year":"2012","unstructured":"Proske U, Gandevia SC (2012) The proprioceptive senses: their roles in signaling body shape, body position and movement, and muscle force. Physiol Rev 92(4):1651\u20131697. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00048.2011","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"7317_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2004.08.012","volume":"23","author":"U Proske","year":"2004","unstructured":"Proske U, Gregory JE, Morgan DL, Percival P, Weerakkody NS, Canny BJ (2004) Force matching errors following eccentric exercise. Hum Mov Sci 23(3\u20134):365\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humov.2004.08.012","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"7317_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0307994","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0307994","volume":"19","author":"K Rewitz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rewitz K, Schindler S, Wolff W (2024) Examining the alignment between subjective effort and objective force production. PLoS ONE 19(8):e0307994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0307994","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"7317_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e17156","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17156","volume":"12","author":"A Rizzato","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rizzato A, Cantarella G, Basso E, Paoli A, Rotundo L, Bisiacchi P, Marcolin G (2024) Relationship between intended force and actual force: comparison between athletes and non-athletes. PeerJ 12:e17156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.17156","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"4","key":"7317_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afr051","volume":"40","author":"HC Roberts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roberts HC, Denison HJ, Martin HJ, Patel HP, Syddall H, Cooper C, Sayer AA (2011) A review of the measurement of grip strength in clinical and epidemiological studies: towards a standardised approach. Age Ageing 40(4):423\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ageing\/afr051","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"issue":"4","key":"7317_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.5432\/jjpehss.KJ00003392573","volume":"22","author":"T Sadamoto","year":"1977","unstructured":"Sadamoto T, Ohtsuki T (1977) Accuracy of output control in jumping: characteristics in grading and reproduction of distance jumped. Jpn J Phys Educ Health Sport Sci 22(4):215\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5432\/jjpehss.KJ00003392573","journal-title":"Jpn J Phys Educ Health Sport Sci"},{"key":"7317_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180101","DOI":"10.1038\/sdata.2018.101","volume":"5","author":"A Saudabayev","year":"2018","unstructured":"Saudabayev A, Rysbek Z, Khassenova R, Varol HA (2018) Human grasping database for activities of daily living with depth, color and kinematic data streams. Sci Data 5:180101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sdata.2018.101","journal-title":"Sci Data"},{"issue":"7","key":"7317_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwj255","volume":"164","author":"AA Sayer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sayer AA, Syddall HE, Martin HJ, Dennison EM, Anderson FH, Cooper C (2006) Falls, sarcopenia, and growth in early life: findings from the Hertfordshire cohort study. Am J Epidemiol 164(7):665\u2013671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwj255","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7317_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1867","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139508925234","volume":"38","author":"T Seki","year":"1995","unstructured":"Seki T, Ohtsuki T (1995) Reproducibility of subjectively graded voluntary isometric muscle strength in unilateral and simultaneous bilateral exertion. Ergonomics 38(9):1867\u20131876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00140139508925234","journal-title":"Ergonomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"7317_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1080\/00222890009601366","volume":"32","author":"AB Slifkin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Slifkin AB, Newell KM (2000) Variability and noise in continuous force production. J Mot Behav 32(2):141\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00222890009601366","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"issue":"5","key":"7317_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2010.071407","volume":"46","author":"BdeP Smirmaul","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smirmaul BdeP (2012) Sense of effort and other unpleasant sensations during exercise: clarifying concepts and mechanisms. Br J Sports Med 46(5):308\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsm.2010.071407","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"7317_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03210214","volume":"8","author":"JC Stevens","year":"1970","unstructured":"Stevens JC, Cain WS (1970) Effort in isometric muscular contractions related to force level and duration. Percept Psychophys 8:240\u2013244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03210214","journal-title":"Percept Psychophys"},{"issue":"7","key":"7317_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/77.7.745","volume":"77","author":"PW Stratford","year":"1997","unstructured":"Stratford PW, Goldsmith CH (1997) Use of the standard error as a reliability index of interest: an applied example using elbow flexor strength data. Phys Ther 77(7):745\u2013750. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/77.7.745","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"issue":"6","key":"7317_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001868","volume":"31","author":"A Struzik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Struzik A, Pietraszewski B, Kawczy\u0144ski A, Winiarski S, Juras G, Rokita A (2017) Manifestations of proprioception during vertical jumps to specific heights. J Strength Cond Res 31(6):1694\u20131701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1519\/JSC.0000000000001868","journal-title":"J Strength Cond Res"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"7317_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-6918(93)90011-F","volume":"82","author":"N Teasdale","year":"1993","unstructured":"Teasdale N, Forget R, Bard C, Paillard J, Fleury M, Lamarre Y (1993) The role of proprioceptive information for the production of isometric forces and for handwriting tasks. Acta Psychol (Amst) 82(1\u20133):179\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0001-6918(93)90011-F","journal-title":"Acta Psychol (Amst)"},{"issue":"2","key":"7317_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00608246","volume":"79","author":"S Thompson","year":"1990","unstructured":"Thompson S, Gregory JE, Proske U (1990) Errors in force estimation can be explained by tendon organ desensitization. Exp Brain Res 79(2):365\u2013372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00608246","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7317_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52228","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0052228","volume":"8","author":"O Tikkanen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tikkanen O, Haakana P, Pesola AJ, H\u00e4kkinen K, Rantalainen T, Havu M, Pullinen T, Finni T (2013) Muscle activity and inactivity periods during normal daily life. PLoS ONE 8(1):e52228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0052228","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"7317_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1309","volume":"7","author":"E Todorov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Todorov E (2004) Optimality principles in sensorimotor control. Nat Neurosci 7(9):907\u2013915. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn1309","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"12","key":"7317_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00809.2014","volume":"117","author":"GS Trajano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Trajano GS, Seitz LB, Nosaka K, Blazevich AJ (2014) Can passive stretch inhibit motoneuron facilitation in the human plantar flexors? J Appl Physiol 117(12):1486\u20131492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/japplphysiol.00809.2014","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"7317_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51368-1","volume":"14","author":"N Trajkovi\u0107","year":"2024","unstructured":"Trajkovi\u0107 N, Ran\u010di\u0107 D, Ili\u0107 T, Herodek R, Korobeynikov G, Pekas D (2024) Measuring handgrip strength in school children: inter-instrument reliability between Takei and Jamar. Sci Rep 14(1):1074. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-51368-1","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"7317_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70082","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.70082","volume":"30","author":"A Tu\u011fral","year":"2025","unstructured":"Tu\u011fral A, Bakar Y, Akyol M (2025) Predictors of upper extremity function in breast cancer survivors. Physiother Res Int 30(3):e70082. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pri.70082","journal-title":"Physiother Res Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"7317_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1050","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00652.2003","volume":"91","author":"RJ van Beers","year":"2004","unstructured":"van Beers RJ, Haggard P, Wolpert DM (2004) The role of execution noise in movement variability. J Neurophysiol 91(2):1050\u20131063. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00652.2003","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"7317_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.5271\/sjweh.2895","volume":"36","author":"RM van Rijn","year":"2010","unstructured":"van Rijn RM, Huisstede BMA, Koes BW, Burdorf A (2010) Associations between work-related factors and specific disorders of the shoulder: a systematic review of the literature. Scand J Work Environ Health 36(3):189\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5271\/sjweh.2895","journal-title":"Scand J Work Environ Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"7317_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2017-104339","volume":"74","author":"HF van der Molen","year":"2017","unstructured":"van der Molen HF, Foresti C, Daams JG, Frings-Dresen MHW, Kuijer PPFM (2017) Work-related risk factors for specific shoulder disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Occup Environ Med 74(10):745\u2013755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/oemed-2017-104339","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"7317_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.3390\/sports10110171","volume":"10","author":"M Venegas-Carro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Venegas-Carro M, Kramer A, Moreno-Villanueva M, Gruber M (2022) Test\u2013retest reliability and sensitivity of common strength and power tests over a period of 9 weeks. Sports (Basel) 10(11):171. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/sports10110171","journal-title":"Sports (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"7317_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhsa.2004.12.007","volume":"30","author":"T Watanabe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Watanabe T, Owashi K, Kanauchi Y, Mura N, Takahara M, Ogino T (2005) The short-term reliability of grip strength measurement and the effects of posture and grip span. J Hand Surg Am 30(3):603\u2013609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhsa.2004.12.007","journal-title":"J Hand Surg Am"}],"container-title":["Experimental Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07317-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07317-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07317-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T13:07:28Z","timestamp":1780664848000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07317-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["7317"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07317-7","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-8784009\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["0014-4819","1432-1106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Graduate School of Sports and Health Studies, Hosei University (No. 2024\u201318).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}],"article-number":"112"}}