{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:46:59Z","timestamp":1791827219678,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004541","name":"Ministry of Education, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PM\/MHRD-18-16074.03"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PM\/MHRD-18-16074.03"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004541","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR27952\/INF\/22\/212\/2018"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR27952\/INF\/22\/212\/2018"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001843","name":"Science and Engineering Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CRG\/2022\/000553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CRG\/2022\/000553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001843","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Brain Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-026-07396-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T09:48:49Z","timestamp":1790070529000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Signatures of rapid trajectory control during finger and arm movements"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"244","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2583-8689","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Niranjan","family":"Chakrabhavi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5746-2340","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Varadhan","family":"SKM","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8308-7724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashitava","family":"Ghosal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7155-8616","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aditya","family":"Murthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"7396_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1993.9941650","volume":"25","author":"RA Abrams","year":"1993","unstructured":"Abrams RA, Pratt J (1993) Rapid Aimed Limb Movements: Differential Effects of Practice on Component Submovements. J Mot Behav 25:288\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00222895.1993.9941650","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"key":"7396_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.16.2.248","volume":"16","author":"RA Abrams","year":"1990","unstructured":"Abrams RA, Meyer DE, Kornblum S (1990) Eye-hand coordination: Oculomotor control in rapid aimed limb movements. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 16:248\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-1523.16.2.248","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"key":"7396_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/00222895.1992.9941613","volume":"24","author":"JJ Adam","year":"1992","unstructured":"Adam JJ (1992) The effects of objectives and constraints on motor control strategy in reciprocal aiming movements. J Mot Behav 24:173\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00222895.1992.9941613","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"key":"7396_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bertrand RL (2019) Lag Phase Is a Dynamic, Organized, Adaptive, and Evolvable Period That Prepares Bacteria for Cell Division. J Bacteriol 201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jb.00697-18. 10.1128\/jb.00697\u2009\u2013\u200918","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.00697-18"},{"key":"7396_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2738","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-11-02738.1984","volume":"4","author":"E Bizzi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bizzi E, Accornero N, Chapple W, Hogan N (1984) Posture control and trajectory formation during arm movement. J Neurosci 4:2738\u20132744. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.04-11-02738.1984","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7396_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1123\/mcj.7.3.278","volume":"7","author":"M Bohan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bohan M, Longstaff MG, Van Gemmert AWA et al (2003) Effects of target height and width on 2D pointing movement duration and kinematics. Motor Control 7:278\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/mcj.7.3.278","journal-title":"Motor Control"},{"key":"7396_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1080\/00222890009601360","volume":"32","author":"R Bongaardt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bongaardt R, Meijer OG (2000) Bernstein\u2019s Theory of Movement Behavior: Historical Development and Contemporary Relevance. J Mot Behav 32:57\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00222890009601360","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"key":"7396_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.7.5.1019","volume":"7","author":"LG Carlton","year":"1981","unstructured":"Carlton LG (1981) Processing visual feedback information for movement control. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 7:1019\u20131030. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-1523.7.5.1019","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"key":"7396_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00431022","volume":"42","author":"PR Cavanagh","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cavanagh PR, Komi PV (1979) Electromechanical delay in human skeletal muscle under concentric and eccentric contractions. Europ J Appl Physiol 42:159\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00431022","journal-title":"Europ J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"7396_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.2019-0010","volume":"35","author":"N Chakrabhavi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chakrabhavi N, Skm V (2019) Wrist Posture Does Not Influence Finger Interdependence. J Appl Biomech 35:410\u2013417. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jab.2019-0010","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"7396_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-9457(93)90026-L","volume":"12","author":"R Chua","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chua R, Elliott D (1993) Visual regulation of manual aiming. Hum Mov Sci 12:365\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0167-9457(93)90026-L","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"7396_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3130","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00307.2006","volume":"96","author":"MM Churchland","year":"2006","unstructured":"Churchland MM, Santhanam G, Shenoy KV (2006) Preparatory activity in premotor and motor cortex reflects the speed of the upcoming reach. J Neurophysiol 96:3130\u20133146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00307.2006","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"7396_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12465","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0902-15.2015","volume":"35","author":"T Cluff","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cluff T, Scott SH (2015) Apparent and Actual Trajectory Control Depend on the Behavioral Context in Upper Limb Motor Tasks. J Neurosci 35:12465\u201312476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0902-15.2015","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7396_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01537-0","volume":"4","author":"M Desmurget","year":"2000","unstructured":"Desmurget M, Grafton S (2000) Forward modeling allows feedback control for fast reaching movements. Trends Cogn Sci 4:423\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1364-6613(00)01537-0","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"7396_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.7551\/mitpress\/6614.003.0015","volume-title":"Taking action: Cognitive neuroscience perspectives on intentional acts","author":"M Desmurget","year":"2003","unstructured":"Desmurget M, Grafton S (2003) Feedback or feedforward control: End of a dichotomy. Taking action: Cognitive neuroscience perspectives on intentional acts. The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, US, pp 289\u2013338"},{"key":"7396_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.31.6.1510","volume":"31","author":"M Desmurget","year":"2005","unstructured":"Desmurget M, Turner RS, Prablanc C et al (2005) Updating Target Location at the End of an Orienting Saccade Affects the Characteristics of Simple Point-to-Point Movements. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 31:1510\u20131536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-1523.31.6.1510","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform"},{"key":"7396_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.870010405","volume":"1","author":"JPR Dick","year":"1986","unstructured":"Dick JPR, Benecke R, Rothwell JC et al (1986) Simple and complex movements in a patient with infarction of the right supplementary motor area. Mov Disord 1:255\u2013266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mds.870010405","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"7396_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.127.3.342","volume":"127","author":"D Elliott","year":"2001","unstructured":"Elliott D, Helsen WF, Chua R (2001) A century later: Woodworth\u2019s (1899) two-component model of goal-directed aiming. Psychol Bull 127:342\u2013357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.127.3.342","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"7396_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020958","volume":"136","author":"D Elliott","year":"2010","unstructured":"Elliott D, Hansen S, Grierson LEM et al (2010) Goal-directed aiming: Two components but multiple processes. Psychol Bull 136:1023\u20131044. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0020958","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"7396_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-004-1964-4","volume":"159","author":"L Fernandez","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fernandez L, Bootsma RJ (2004) Effects of biomechanical and task constraints on the organization of movement in precision aiming. Exp Brain Res 159:458\u2013466. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-004-1964-4","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"7396_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200305060-00020","volume":"14","author":"V Gaveau","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gaveau V, Martin O, Prablanc C et al (2003) On-line modification of saccadic eye movements by retinal signals. NeuroReport 14:875","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"7396_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16394","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.16394","volume":"5","author":"J Gaveau","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gaveau J, Berret B, Angelaki DE, Papaxanthis C (2016) Direction-dependent arm kinematics reveal optimal integration of gravity cues. Elife 5:e16394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.16394","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"7396_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1664","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00329.2017","volume":"118","author":"A Gopal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gopal A, Jana S, Murthy A (2017) Contrasting speed-accuracy tradeoffs for eye and hand movements reveal the optimal nature of saccade kinematics. J Neurophysiol 118:1664\u20131676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00329.2017","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"7396_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00248547","volume":"67","author":"J Gordon","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gordon J, Ghez C (1987) Trajectory control in targeted force impulses. III. Compensatory adjustments for initial errors. Exp Brain Res 67:253\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00248547","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"7396_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3084","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00909.2009","volume":"104","author":"V Gritsenko","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gritsenko V, Kalaska JF (2010) Rapid online correction is selectively suppressed during movement with a visuomotor transformation. J Neurophysiol 104:3084\u20133104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00909.2009","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"7396_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kawato M, Kuroda T, Imamizu H et al (2003) Internal forward models in the cerebellum: fMRI study on grip force and load force coupling. Progress in Brain Research. Elsevier, pp 171\u2013188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0079-6123(03)42013-x","DOI":"10.1016\/s0079-6123(03)42013-x"},{"key":"7396_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1037\/h0026739","volume":"70","author":"SW Keele","year":"1968","unstructured":"Keele SW (1968) Movement control in skilled motor performance. Psychol Bull 70:387\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0026739","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"7396_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1080\/00222890309602141","volume":"35","author":"MA Khan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Khan MA, Franks IM (2003) Online Versus Offline Processing of Visual Feedback in the Production of Component Submovements. J Mot Behav 35:285\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00222890309602141","journal-title":"J Mot Behav"},{"key":"7396_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.05.002","volume":"30","author":"M Khan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khan M, Franks I, Elliott D et al (2006) Inferring online and offline processing of visual feedback in target-directed movements from kinematic data. Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews 30:1106\u20131121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2006.05.002","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehavioral Reviews"},{"key":"7396_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kr\u00fcger M, Straube A, Eggert T (2017) The Propagation of Movement Variability in Time: A Methodological Approach for Discrete Movements with Multiple Degrees of Freedom. Front Comput Neurosci 11:93. https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/computational-neuroscience\/articles\/10.3389\/fncom.2017.00093\/full","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2017.00093"},{"key":"7396_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2014.08.021","volume":"110","author":"S Kuang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kuang S, Gail A (2015) When adaptive control fails: Slow recovery of reduced rapid online control during reaching under reversed vision. Vision Res 110:155\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.visres.2014.08.021","journal-title":"Vision Res"},{"key":"7396_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9354","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1110-06.2007","volume":"27","author":"D Liu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Liu D, Todorov E (2007) Evidence for the Flexible Sensorimotor Strategies Predicted by Optimal Feedback Control. J Neurosci 27:9354\u20139368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1110-06.2007","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7396_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LoTemplio SB, Lopes CL, McDonnell AS et al (2023) Updating the relationship of the Ne\/ERN to task-related behavior: A brief review and suggestions for future research. Front Hum Neurosci 17:1150244. https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/journals\/human-neuroscience\/articles\/10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1150244\/full","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2023.1150244"},{"key":"7396_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s002210050669","volume":"125","author":"J Messier","year":"1999","unstructured":"Messier J, Kalaska JF (1999) Comparison of variability of initial kinematics and endpoints of reaching movements. Exp Brain Res 125:139\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s002210050669","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"7396_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1080\/02643290802003216","volume":"25","author":"G Mirabella","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mirabella G, Pani P, Ferraina S (2008) Context influences on the preparation and execution of reaching movements. Cognit Neuropsychol 25:996\u20131010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02643290802003216","journal-title":"Cognit Neuropsychol"},{"key":"7396_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2676","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.5.2676","volume":"82","author":"DW Moran","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moran DW, Schwartz AB (1999) Motor cortical representation of speed and direction during reaching. J Neurophysiol 82:2676\u20132692. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.1999.82.5.2676","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"7396_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Morasso P (1981) Spatial control of arm movements. Exp Brain Res 42. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00236911","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00236911"},{"key":"7396_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"738","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/74.8.738","volume":"74","author":"ME Morris","year":"1994","unstructured":"Morris ME, Summers JJ, Matyas TA, Iansek R (1994) Current Status of the Motor Program. Phys Ther 74:738\u2013748. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ptj\/74.8.738","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"7396_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2485","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90824.2008","volume":"101","author":"A Murthy","year":"2009","unstructured":"Murthy A, Ray S, Shorter SM et al (2009) Neural Control of Visual Search by Frontal Eye Field: Effects of Unexpected Target Displacement on Visual Selection and Saccade Preparation. J Neurophysiol 101:2485\u20132506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.90824.2008","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"7396_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1769","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3063-13.2014","volume":"34","author":"JY Nashed","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nashed JY, Crevecoeur F, Scott SH (2014) Rapid Online Selection between Multiple Motor Plans. J Neurosci 34:1769\u20131780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3063-13.2014","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7396_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","volume":"9","author":"RC Oldfield","year":"1971","unstructured":"Oldfield RC (1971) The assessment and analysis of handedness: The Edinburgh inventory. Neuropsychologia 9:97\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0028-3932(71)90067-4","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"7396_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01028-0","volume":"36","author":"C Padoa-Schioppa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Padoa-Schioppa C, Li C-SR, Bizzi E (2002) Neuronal Correlates of Kinematics-to-Dynamics Transformation in the Supplementary Motor Area. Neuron 36:751\u2013765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)01028-0","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"7396_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1038\/76694","volume":"3","author":"L Pisella","year":"2000","unstructured":"Pisella L, Gr\u00e9a H, Tilikete C et al (2000) An automatic pilot for the hand in human posterior parietal cortex: toward reinterpreting optic ataxia. Nat Neurosci 3:729\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/76694","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"7396_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.90262.2008","volume":"100","author":"JA Pruszynski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pruszynski JA, Kurtzer I, Scott SH (2008) Rapid Motor Responses Are Appropriately Tuned to the Metrics of a Visuospatial Task. J Neurophysiol 100:224\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.90262.2008","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"7396_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1038\/nature10436","volume":"478","author":"JA Pruszynski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pruszynski JA, Kurtzer I, Nashed JY et al (2011) Primary motor cortex underlies multi-joint integration for fast feedback control. Nature 478:387\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature10436","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7396_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-011-2752-6","volume":"212","author":"BA Richardson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Richardson BA, Ratneswaran A, Lyons J, Balasubramaniam R (2011) The time course of online trajectory corrections in memory-guided saccades. Exp Brain Res 212:457\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-011-2752-6","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"7396_CR47","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Motor Behavior: Programming, Control, and Acquisition","author":"DA Rosenbaum","year":"1985","unstructured":"Rosenbaum DA (1985) Motor Programming: A Review and Scheduling Theory. In: Heuer H, Kleinbeck U, Schmidt K-H (eds) Motor Behavior: Programming, Control, and Acquisition. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 1\u201333"},{"key":"7396_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-003-1525-2","volume":"152","author":"JA Saunders","year":"2003","unstructured":"Saunders JA, Knill DC (2003) Humans use continuous visual feedback from the hand to control fast reaching movements. Exp Brain Res 152:341\u2013352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-003-1525-2","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"7396_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1427","volume":"5","author":"SH Scott","year":"2004","unstructured":"Scott SH (2004) Optimal feedback control and the neural basis of volitional motor control. Nat Rev Neurosci 5:532\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1427","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"7396_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2015.03.006","volume":"33","author":"SH Scott","year":"2015","unstructured":"Scott SH, Cluff T, Lowrey CR, Takei T (2015) Feedback control during voluntary motor actions. Curr Opin Neurobiol 33:85\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.conb.2015.03.006","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"7396_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1111\/2041-210X.14269","volume":"15","author":"BJ Smug","year":"2024","unstructured":"Smug BJ, Opalek M, Necki M, Wloch-Salamon D (2024) Microbial lag calculator: A shiny-based application and an R package for calculating the duration of microbial lag phase. Methods Ecol Evol 15:301\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/2041-210X.14269","journal-title":"Methods Ecol Evol"},{"key":"7396_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humov.2009.01.002","volume":"28","author":"JJ Summers","year":"2009","unstructured":"Summers JJ, Anson JG (2009) Current status of the motor program: Revisited. Hum Mov Sci 28:566\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.humov.2009.01.002","journal-title":"Hum Mov Sci"},{"key":"7396_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1038\/nn963","volume":"5","author":"E Todorov","year":"2002","unstructured":"Todorov E, Jordan MI (2002) Optimal feedback control as a theory of motor coordination. Nat Neurosci 5:1226\u20131235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn963","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"7396_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3335","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv151","volume":"26","author":"GM Van Acker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Van Acker GM, Luchies CW, Cheney PD (2016) Timing of Cortico-Muscle Transmission During Active Movement. Cereb Cortex 26:3335\u20133344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhv151","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"7396_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1038\/81497","volume":"3","author":"DM Wolpert","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wolpert DM, Ghahramani Z (2000) Computational principles of movement neuroscience. Nat Neurosci 3:1212\u20131217. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/81497","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"7396_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1317","DOI":"10.1016\/s0893-6080(98)00066-5","volume":"11","author":"DM Wolpert","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wolpert DM, Kawato M (1998) Multiple paired forward and inverse models for motor control. Neural Netw 11:1317\u20131329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0893-6080(98)00066-5","journal-title":"Neural Netw"},{"key":"7396_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7569931","volume":"269","author":"DM Wolpert","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wolpert DM, Ghahramani Z, Jordan MI (1995) An internal model for sensorimotor integration. Science 269:1880\u20131882. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.7569931","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7396_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3112","volume":"12","author":"DM Wolpert","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wolpert DM, Diedrichsen J, Flanagan JR (2011) Principles of sensorimotor learning. Nat Rev Neurosci 12:739\u2013751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3112","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"7396_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i","DOI":"10.1037\/h0092992","volume":"3","author":"RS Woodworth","year":"1899","unstructured":"Woodworth RS (1899) Accuracy of voluntary movement. Psychol Review: Monogr Supplements 3:i\u2013114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0092992","journal-title":"Psychol Review: Monogr Supplements"}],"container-title":["Experimental Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07396-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07396-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07396-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:07:24Z","timestamp":1791824844000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07396-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"references-count":59,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["7396"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07396-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4819","1432-1106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All the experiments discussed in this manuscript have been ethically approved by institute ethics committees at IIT Madras, Chennai, India, and IISc Bengaluru, India. All the participants provided their written consent for the experiments.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All the participants have consented to publication of their anonymized data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests..","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"200"}}