{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:56:30Z","timestamp":1791197790950,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008339","name":"Liaoning Provincial Office of Philosophy and Social Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L22BSH008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L22BSH008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008339","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Exp Brain Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-026-07406-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:53:04Z","timestamp":1791193984000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effective connectivity in the active encoding of facial emotions: a dynamic causal modeling study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"244","author":[{"given":"Wang","family":"Guodong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weng","family":"Saizheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ji","family":"Jiawu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Yuanyuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Zirong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nie","family":"Lili","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"7406_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1177\/1534582302001001003","volume":"1","author":"R Adolphs","year":"2002","unstructured":"Adolphs R (2002) Recognizing emotion from facial expressions: psychological and neurological mechanisms. Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev 1(1):21\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1534582302001001003","journal-title":"Behav Cogn Neurosci Rev"},{"key":"7406_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-120710-100422","volume":"63","author":"A Baddeley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baddeley A (2012) Working memory: theories, models, and controversies. Annu Rev Psychol 63:1\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-120710-100422","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"7406_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2752","DOI":"10.1109\/embc.2018.8512802","volume":"2018","author":"MH Black","year":"2018","unstructured":"Black MH, Almabruk T, Albrecht MA, Chen NT, Lipp OV, Tan T, Girdler S (2018) Altered connectivity in autistic adults during complex facial emotion recognition: a study of EEG imaginary coherence. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2018:2752\u20132755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1109\/embc.2018.8512802","journal-title":"Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc"},{"issue":"3","key":"7406_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.006","volume":"93","author":"CA Brenner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Brenner CA, Rumak SP, Burns AM, Kieffaber PD (2014) The role of encoding and attention in facial emotion memory: an EEG investigation. Int J Psychophysiol 93(3):398\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.006","journal-title":"Int J Psychophysiol"},{"issue":"5820","key":"7406_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1138071","volume":"315","author":"TJ Buschman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Buschman TJ, Miller EK (2007) Top-down versus bottom-up control of attention in the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices. Science 315(5820):1860\u20131862. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1138071","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"7406_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00084","volume":"13","author":"CC Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen CC, Kuo JC, Wang WJ (2019) Distinguishing the visual working memory training and practice effects by the effective connectivity during n-back tasks: a DCM of ERP study. Front Behav Neurosci 13:84. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2019.00084","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"7406_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1016\/s0301-0082(98)00011-2","volume":"55","author":"JT Coull","year":"1998","unstructured":"Coull JT (1998) Neural correlates of attention and arousal: insights from electrophysiology, functional neuroimaging and psychopharmacology. Prog Neurobiol 55(4):343\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0301-0082(98)00011-2","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"7406_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/s1364-6613(03)00197-9","volume":"7","author":"CE Curtis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Curtis CE, D\u2019Esposito M (2003) Persistent activity in the prefrontal cortex during working memory. Trends Cogn Sci 7(9):415\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1364-6613(03)00197-9","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"7406_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015031","volume":"66","author":"M D\u2019Esposito","year":"2015","unstructured":"D\u2019Esposito M, Postle BR (2015) The cognitive neuroscience of working memory. Annu Rev Psychol 66:115\u2013142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-010814-015031","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"issue":"6","key":"7406_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4033","DOI":"10.1007\/s11571-024-10177-y","volume":"18","author":"D Das Chakladar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Das Chakladar D (2024) Cortex level connectivity between ACT-R modules during EEG-based n-back task. Cogn Neurodyn 18(6):4033\u20134045. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11571-024-10177-y","journal-title":"Cogn Neurodyn"},{"issue":"4","key":"7406_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.10.045","volume":"30","author":"O David","year":"2006","unstructured":"David O, Kiebel SJ, Harrison LM, Mattout J, Kilner JM, Friston KJ (2006) Dynamic causal modeling of evoked responses in EEG and MEG. NeuroImage 30(4):1255\u20131272. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2005.10.045","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"7406_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.04.022","volume":"45","author":"M Eimer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Eimer M, Holmes A (2007) Event-related brain potential correlates of emotional face processing. Neuropsychologia 45(1):15\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.04.022","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"2","key":"7406_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.115.2.268","volume":"115","author":"P Ekman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Ekman P (1994) Strong evidence for universals in facial expressions: a reply to Russell\u2019s mistaken critique. Psychol Bull 115(2):268\u2013287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.115.2.268","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"7406_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/s1053-8119(03)00202-7","volume":"19","author":"KJ Friston","year":"2003","unstructured":"Friston KJ, Harrison L, Penny W (2003) Dynamic causal modelling. NeuroImage 19(4):1273\u20131302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1053-8119(03)00202-7","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"7406_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3390brainsci705","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci7050049","volume":"10","author":"S Funahashi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Funahashi S (2017) Working memory in the prefrontal cortex. Brain Sci 10:3390brainsci7050049 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci7050049","journal-title":"Brain Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"7406_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.11.014","volume":"16","author":"A Gazzaley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gazzaley A, Nobre AC (2012) Top-down modulation: bridging selective attention and working memory. Trends Cogn Sci 16(2):129\u2013135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tics.2011.11.014","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"7406_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1080\/87565640903526504","volume":"35","author":"G Hajcak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hajcak G, MacNamara A, Olvet DM (2010) Event-related potentials, emotion, and emotion regulation: an integrative review. Dev Neuropsychol 35(2):129\u2013155. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/87565640903526504","journal-title":"Dev Neuropsychol"},{"key":"7406_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2018.00598","volume":"12","author":"CD Harris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harris CD, Rowe EG, Randeniya R, Garrido MI (2018) Bayesian model selection maps for group studies using M\/EEG Data. Front Neurosci 12:598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2018.00598","journal-title":"Front Neurosci"},{"issue":"6","key":"7406_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/s1364-6613(00)01482-0","volume":"4","author":"JV Haxby","year":"2000","unstructured":"Haxby JV, Hoffman EA, Gobbini MI (2000) The distributed human neural system for face perception. Trends Cogn Sci 4(6):223\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1364-6613(00)01482-0","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"7406_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6473","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aaw4325","volume":"367","author":"SA Josselyn","year":"2020","unstructured":"Josselyn SA, Tonegawa S (2020) Memory engrams: recalling the past and imagining the future. Science 367:6473. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aaw4325","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"430","key":"7406_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476572","volume":"90","author":"RE Kass","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kass RE, Raftery AE (1995) Bayes factors. J Am Stat Assoc 90(430):773\u2013795. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01621459.1995.10476572","journal-title":"J Am Stat Assoc"},{"key":"7406_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.06.008","volume":"43","author":"J Lange","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lange J, Heerdink MW, van Kleef GA (2022) Reading emotions, reading people: emotion perception and inferences drawn from perceived emotions. Curr Opin Psychol 43:85\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.06.008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychol"},{"key":"7406_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00173","volume":"9","author":"AH Lara","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lara AH, Wallis JD (2015) The role of prefrontal cortex in working memory: a mini review. Front Syst Neurosci 9:173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnsys.2015.00173","journal-title":"Front Syst Neurosci"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"7406_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.08.020","volume":"123","author":"PS Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee PS, Chen YS, Hsieh JC, Su TP, Chen LF (2010) Distinct neuronal oscillatory responses between patients with bipolar and unipolar disorders: a magnetoencephalographic study. J Affect Disord 123(1\u20133):270\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2009.08.020","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"7406_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.06.022","volume":"42","author":"V Litvak","year":"2008","unstructured":"Litvak V, Friston K (2008) Electromagnetic source reconstruction for group studies. NeuroImage 42(4):1490\u20131498. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.06.022","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"7406_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"852961","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/852961","volume":"2011","author":"V Litvak","year":"2011","unstructured":"Litvak V, Mattout J, Kiebel S, Phillips C, Henson R, Kilner J\u2026 Friston, K. (2011) EEG and MEG data analysis in SPM8. Comput Intell Neurosci 2011:852961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/852961","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"7406_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhv345","volume":"27","author":"N Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu N, Hadj-Bouziane F, Moran R, Ungerleider LG, Ishai A (2017) Facial expressions evoke differential neural coupling in macaques. Cereb Cortex 27(2):1524\u20131531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhv345","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"5","key":"7406_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00328.2021","volume":"126","author":"N Loi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Loi N, Ginatempo F, Manca A, Melis F, Deriu F (2021) Faces emotional expressions: from perceptive to motor areas in aged and young subjects. J Neurophysiol 126(5):1642\u20131652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/jn.00328.2021","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"7406_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.09.002","volume":"84","author":"JD Lopez","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lopez JD, Litvak V, Espinosa JJ, Friston K, Barnes GR (2014) Algorithmic procedures for Bayesian MEG\/EEG source reconstruction in SPM. NeuroImage 84:476\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2013.09.002","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"7406_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.167","volume":"24","author":"EK Miller","year":"2001","unstructured":"Miller EK, Cohen JD (2001) An integrative theory of prefrontal cortex function. Annu Rev Neurosci 24:167\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev.neuro.24.1.167","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"7406_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.01.012","volume":"55","author":"RJ Moran","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moran RJ, Stephan KE, Dolan RJ, Friston KJ (2011) Consistent spectral predictors for dynamic causal models of steady-state responses. NeuroImage 55(4):1694\u20131708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.01.012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"7406_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2013.00057","volume":"7","author":"R Moran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moran R, Pinotsis DA, Friston K (2013) Neural masses and fields in dynamic causal modeling. Front Comput Neurosci 7:57. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncom.2013.00057","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci"},{"key":"7406_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.03.006","volume":"117","author":"M Muller-Bardorff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Muller-Bardorff M, Schulz C, Peterburs J, Bruchmann M, Mothes-Lasch M, Miltner W, Straube T (2016) Effects of emotional intensity under perceptual load: An event-related potentials (ERPs) study. Biol Psychol 117:141\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.03.006","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"issue":"5","key":"7406_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsaa059","volume":"15","author":"H Nowparast Rostami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nowparast Rostami H, Hildebrandt A, Sommer W (2020) Sex-specific relationships between face memory and the N170 component in event-related potentials. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 15(5):587\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/scan\/nsaa059","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"7406_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06751.x","volume":"1251","author":"KN Ochsner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ochsner KN, Silvers JA, Buhle JT (2012) Functional imaging studies of emotion regulation: a synthetic review and evolving model of the cognitive control of emotion. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1251:E1\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2012.06751.x","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"38","key":"7406_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23477","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1905590117","volume":"117","author":"OA Olulade","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olulade OA, Seydell-Greenwald A, Chambers CE, Turkeltaub PE, Dromerick AW, Berl MM, Newport EL (2020) The neural basis of language development: changes in lateralization over age. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117(38):23477\u201323483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1905590117","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7855","key":"7406_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03390-w","volume":"592","author":"MF Panichello","year":"2021","unstructured":"Panichello MF, Buschman TJ (2021) Shared mechanisms underlie the control of working memory and attention. Nature 592(7855):601\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-021-03390-w","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"7406_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/s0926-6410(02)00214-8","volume":"15","author":"L Pessoa","year":"2002","unstructured":"Pessoa L, Kastner S, Ungerleider LG (2002) Attentional control of the processing of neural and emotional stimuli. Brain Res Cogn Brain Res 15(1):31\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0926-6410(02)00214-8","journal-title":"Brain Res Cogn Brain Res"},{"issue":"14","key":"7406_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6018","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2763-12.2013","volume":"33","author":"T Popov","year":"2013","unstructured":"Popov T, Miller GA, Rockstroh B, Weisz N (2013) Modulation of \u03b1 power and functional connectivity during facial affect recognition. J Neurosci 33(14):6018\u20136026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.2763-12.2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"7406_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.3389\/fncom.2014.00146","volume":"8","author":"F Protopapa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Protopapa F, Siettos CI, Evdokimidis I, Smyrnis N (2014) Granger causality analysis reveals distinct spatio-temporal connectivity patterns in motor and perceptual visuo-spatial working memory. Front Comput Neurosci 8:146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncom.2014.00146","journal-title":"Front Comput Neurosci"},{"key":"7406_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ad2403","author":"G Rho","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rho G, Callara AL, Bossi F, Ognibene D, Cecchetto C, Lomonaco T, Greco A (2024) Combining electrodermal activity analysis and dynamic causal modeling to investigate the visual-odor multimodal integration during face perception. J Neural Eng. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ad2403","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"key":"7406_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.01.006","author":"R Rozovsky","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rozovsky R, Bertocci M, Diwadkar V, Stiffler RS, Bebko G, Skeba AS, Phillips ML (2025) Inter-network effective connectivity during an emotional working memory task in two independent samples of young adults. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpsc.2025.01.006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"7406_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn.2009.21257","volume":"22","author":"AM Rutman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rutman AM, Clapp WC, Chadick JZ, Gazzaley A (2010) Early top-down control of visual processing predicts working memory performance. J Cogn Neurosci 22(6):1224\u20131234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1162\/jocn.2009.21257","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"7406_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339728","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2024.1339728","volume":"18","author":"A Santo-Angles","year":"2024","unstructured":"Santo-Angles A, Temudo A, Babushkin V, Sreenivasan KK (2024) Effective connectivity of working memory performance: a DCM study of MEG data. Front Hum Neurosci 18:1339728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnhum.2024.1339728","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"7406_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.06.010","volume":"130","author":"S Schindler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schindler S, Bublatzky F (2020) Attention and emotion: an integrative review of emotional face processing as a function of attention. Cortex 130:362\u2013386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.06.010","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"7406_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.03.065","volume":"195","author":"FW Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith FW, Smith ML (2019) Decoding the dynamic representation of facial expressions of emotion in explicit and incidental tasks. NeuroImage 195:261\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.03.065","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"7406_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.025","volume":"46","author":"KE Stephan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stephan KE, Penny WD, Daunizeau J, Moran RJ, Friston KJ (2009) Bayesian model selection for group studies. NeuroImage 46(4):1004\u20131017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.03.025","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"7406_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3099","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.11.015","volume":"49","author":"KE Stephan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stephan KE, Penny WD, Moran RJ, den Ouden HE, Daunizeau J, Friston KJ (2010) Ten simple rules for dynamic causal modeling. NeuroImage 49(4):3099\u20133109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.11.015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"7406_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-023-02625-w","volume":"13","author":"S Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun S, Yu H, Yu R, Wang S (2023) Functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex underlies processing of emotion ambiguity. Transl Psychiatry 13(1):334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-023-02625-w","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"7406_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcaa212","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa212","volume":"2","author":"A Tyrer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tyrer A, Gilbert JR, Adams S, Stiles AB, Bankole AO, Gilchrist ID, Moran RJ (2020) Lateralized memory circuit dropout in Alzheimer\u2019s disease patients. Brain Commun 2(2):fcaa212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa212","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"issue":"6984","key":"7406_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1038\/nature02447","volume":"428","author":"EK Vogel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vogel EK, Machizawa MG (2004) Neural activity predicts individual differences in visual working memory capacity. Nature 428(6984):748\u2013751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature02447","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"7406_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang G, Ji J, Jiang D, Weng S, Duan H, Nie L (2026a) Active encoding of facial emotions during a working memory task: an ERP study. Curr Psychol 45(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-025-08587-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-025-08587-0"},{"issue":"4","key":"7406_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1097\/wnr.0000000000002249","volume":"37","author":"G Wang","year":"2026","unstructured":"Wang G, Ji J, Zhang R, Weng S, Duan H, Nie L (2026b) Encoding under time pressure: stages and electrophysiological mechanisms in facial expression processing. NeuroReport 37(4):145\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/wnr.0000000000002249","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"7406_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2024.108980","volume":"194","author":"M Wyczesany","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wyczesany M, Le\u015bniewska A, Winker C, Domaga\u0142a M, Kroker T, Ka\u0142ama\u0142a P, Jungh\u00f6fer M (2025) Stimulation of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the perception of affective faces. An effective connectivity analysis. Biol Psychol 194:108980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2024.108980","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7406_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"026039","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab7f50","volume":"17","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Liu B, Gao X (2020) Spatiotemporal dynamics of working memory under the influence of emotions based on EEG. J Neural Eng 17(2):026039. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab7f50","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"key":"7406_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113263","volume":"409","author":"L Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang L, Shao Y, Jin X, Cai X, Du F (2021) Decreased effective connectivity between insula and anterior cingulate cortex during a working memory task after prolonged sleep deprivation. Behav Brain Res 409:113263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2021.113263","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"}],"container-title":["Experimental Brain Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07406-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07406-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07406-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:53:05Z","timestamp":1791193985000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07406-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["7406"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00221-026-07406-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0014-4819","1432-1106"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0014-4819","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1106","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"All procedures of this study were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and were approved by Ethics Committee of Liaoning Normal University. All participants gave written informed consent prior to taking part in this study.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from each participant before the assessment.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"208"}}