{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:51:30Z","timestamp":1782514290254,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]],"date-time":"2012-03-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332806400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Calcif Tissue Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-012-9585-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,26]],"date-time":"2012-03-26T02:30:37Z","timestamp":1332729037000},"page":"354-364","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Mid-Thigh Cortical Bone Structural Parameters, Muscle Mass and Strength, and Association with Lower Limb Fractures in Older Men and Women (AGES-Reykjavik Study)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"90","author":[{"given":"Fjola","family":"Johannesdottir","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thor","family":"Aspelund","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristin","family":"Siggeirsdottir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brynjolfur Y.","family":"Jonsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brynjolfur","family":"Mogensen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigurdur","family":"Sigurdsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamara B.","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vilmundur G.","family":"Gudnason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas F.","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Sigurdsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"9585_CR1","first-page":"73","volume":"2","author":"HM Frost","year":"1987","unstructured":"Frost HM (1987) The mechanostat: a proposed pathogenic mechanism of osteoporoses and the bone mass effects of mechanical and nonmechanical agents. Bone Miner 2:73\u201385","journal-title":"Bone Miner"},{"key":"9585_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(02)00194-X","volume":"124","author":"JL Ferretti","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ferretti JL, Cointry GR, Capozza RF, Frost HM (2003) Bone mass, bone strength, muscle\u2013bone interactions, osteopenias and osteoporoses. Mech Ageing Dev 124:269\u2013279","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"key":"9585_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.4.1663","volume":"91","author":"KJ Hart","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hart KJ, Shaw JM, Vajda E, Hegsted M, Miller SC (2001) Swim-trained rats have greater bone mass, density, strength, and dynamics. J Appl Physiol 91:1663\u20131668","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"9585_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-005-0293-3","volume":"79","author":"SE Warner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Warner SE, Shea JE, Miller SC, Shaw JM (2006) Adaptations in cortical and trabecular bone in response to mechanical loading with and without weight bearing. Calcif Tissue Int 79:395\u2013403","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"9585_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1159\/000096626","volume":"66","author":"E Schoenau","year":"2006","unstructured":"Schoenau E, Fricke O (2006) Interaction between muscle and bone. Horm Res 66:73\u201378","journal-title":"Horm Res"},{"key":"9585_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1138\/20100454","volume":"7","author":"N Bonnet","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bonnet N, Ferrari S (2010) Exercise and the skeleton: how it works and what it really does. IBMS BoneKEy 7:235\u2013248","journal-title":"IBMS BoneKEy"},{"key":"9585_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200030020-00001","volume":"30","author":"SL Bass","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bass SL (2000) The prepubertal years: a uniquely opportune stage of growth when the skeleton is most responsive to exercise? Sports Med 30:73\u201378","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"9585_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e447","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.112.6.e447","volume":"112","author":"KJ MacKelvie","year":"2003","unstructured":"MacKelvie KJ, Khan KM, Petit MA, Janssen PA, McKay HA (2003) A school-based exercise intervention elicits substantial bone health benefits: a 2-year randomized controlled trial in girls. Pediatrics 112:e447\u2013e452","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"9585_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0093-2","volume":"17","author":"BL Matthews","year":"2006","unstructured":"Matthews BL, Bennell KL, McKay HA, Khan KM, Baxter-Jones ADG, Mirwald RL, Wark JD (2006) Dancing for bone health: a 3-year longitudinal study of bone mineral accrual across puberty in female non-elite dancers and controls. Osteoporos Int 17:1043\u20131054","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"9585_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.03.010","volume":"35","author":"RF Capozza","year":"2004","unstructured":"Capozza RF, Cointry GR, Cure-Ram\u00edrez P, Ferretti JL, Cure-Cure CA (2004) DXA study of muscle\u2013bone relationships in the whole body and limbs of 2,512 normal men and pre- and post-menopausal women. Bone 35:283\u2013295","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"9585_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(98)00046-5","volume":"22","author":"JL Ferretti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ferretti JL, Capozza RF, Cointry GR, Garc\u00eda SL, Plotkin H, Alvarez Filgueira ML, Zanchetta JR (1998) Gender-related differences in the relationship between densitometric values of whole-body bone mineral content and lean body mass in humans between 2 and 87\u00a0years of age. Bone 22:683\u2013690","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"9585_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(00)00327-6","volume":"27","author":"J Rittweger","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rittweger J, Beller G, Ehrig J, Jung C, Koch U, Ramolla J, Schmidt F, Newitt D, Majumdar S, Schiessl H, Felsenberg D (2000) Bone\u2013muscle strength indices for the human lower leg. Bone 27:319\u2013326","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"9585_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.041230","volume":"20","author":"P Szulc","year":"2005","unstructured":"Szulc P, Beck TJ, Marchand F, Delmas PD (2005) Low skeletal muscle mass is associated with poor structural parameters of bone and impaired balance in elderly men\u2014the MINOS study. J Bone Miner Res 20:721\u2013729","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"9585_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.060908","volume":"21","author":"LJ Melton 3rd","year":"2006","unstructured":"Melton LJ 3rd, Riggs BL, Achenbach SJ, Amin S, Camp JJ, Rouleau PA, Robb RA, Oberg AL, Khosla S (2006) Does reduced skeletal loading account for age-related bone loss? J Bone Miner Res 21:1847\u20131855","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"9585_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.05.003","volume":"47","author":"JM Cousins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cousins JM, Petit MA, Paudel ML, Taylor BC, Hughes JM, Cauley JA, Zmuda JM, Cawthon PM, Ensrud KE (2010) Muscle power and physical activity are associated with bone strength in older men: the osteoporotic fractures in men study. Bone 47:205\u2013211","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"9585_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2008.02014.x","volume":"56","author":"C Sherrington","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sherrington C, Whitney JC, Lord SR, Herbert RD, Cumming RG, Close JC (2008) Effective exercise for the prevention of falls: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Geriatr Soc 56:2234\u20132243","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"9585_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2001.16.11.1937","volume":"16","author":"L Lanyon","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lanyon L, Skerry T (2001) Postmenopausal osteoporosis as a failure of bone\u2019s adaptation to functional loading: a hypothesis. J Bone Miner Res 16:1937\u20131947","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"9585_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2006.03.020","volume":"39","author":"G Sigurdsson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sigurdsson G, Aspelund T, Chang M, Jonsdottir B, Sigurdsson S, Eiriksdottir G, Gudmundsson A, Harris TB, Gudnason V, Lang TF (2006) Increasing sex difference in bone strength in old age: the age, gene\/environment susceptibility-Reykjavik study (AGES-Reykjavik). Bone 39:644\u2013651","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"9585_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(03)00055-3","volume":"32","author":"S Kaptoge","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kaptoge S, Dalzell N, Loveridge N, Beck TJ, Khaw KT, Reeve J (2003) Effects of gender, anthropometric variables, and aging on the evolution of hip strength in men and women aged over 65. Bone 32:561\u2013570","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"9585_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2005.07.009","volume":"34","author":"S Khosla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Khosla S, Riggs BL (2005) Pathophysiology of age-related bone loss and osteoporosis. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 34:1015\u20131030","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am"},{"key":"9585_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/61.10.1059","volume":"61","author":"BH Goodpaster","year":"2006","unstructured":"Goodpaster BH, Park SW, Harris TB, Kritchevsky SB, Nevitt M, Schwartz AV, Simonsick EM, Tylavsky FA, Visser M, Newman AB (2006) The loss of skeletal muscle strength, mass, and quality in older adults: the health, aging and body composition study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 61:1059\u20131064","journal-title":"J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci"},{"key":"9585_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0492-z","volume":"19","author":"IR Reid","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reid IR (2008) Relationships between fat and bone. Osteoporos Int 19:595\u2013606","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"9585_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2010.04.006","volume":"45","author":"H Blain","year":"2010","unstructured":"Blain H, Jaussent J, Thomas E, Micallef JP, Dupuy AM, Bernard PL, Mariano-Goulart D, Cristol JP, Sultan C, Rossi M, Picot MC (2010) Appendicular skeletal muscle mass is the strongest independent factor associated with femoral neck bone mineral density in adult and older men. Exp Gerontol 45:679\u2013684","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"9585_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(01)00705-0","volume":"30","author":"TM Owings","year":"2002","unstructured":"Owings TM, Pavol MJ, Grabiner MD (2002) Lower extremity muscle strength does not independently predict proximal femur bone mineral density in healthy older adults. Bone 30:515\u2013520","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"9585_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:8:4:409","volume":"8","author":"S Andersen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andersen S, Boeskov E, Laurberg P (2005) Ethnic differences in bone mineral density between Inuit and Caucasians in north Greenland are caused by differences in body size. J Clin Densitom 8:409\u2013414","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"9585_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116842","volume":"138","author":"SL Edelstein","year":"1993","unstructured":"Edelstein SL, Barrett-Connor E (1993) Relation between body size and bone mineral density in elderly men and women. Am J Epidemiol 138:160\u2013169","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"9585_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2008.03.001","volume":"11","author":"NA Segal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Segal NA, Torner JC, Yang M, Curtis JR, Felson DT, Nevitt MC (2008) Muscle mass is more strongly related to hip bone mineral density than is quadriceps strength or activity level in adults over age 50. J Clin Densitom 11:503\u2013510","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"9585_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/70.11.690","volume":"70","author":"JS Halle","year":"1990","unstructured":"Halle JS, Smidt GL, O\u2019Dwyer KD, Lin SY (1990) Relationship between trunk muscle torque and bone mineral content of the lumbar spine and hip in healthy postmenopausal women. Phys Ther 70:690\u2013699","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"9585_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1097\/00002060-199811000-00004","volume":"77","author":"DR Taaffe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Taaffe DR, Pruitt L, Lewis B, Marcus R (1998) Relationship between bone mineral density of the proximal femur and strength of the hip muscles in postmenopausal women. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 77:477\u2013482","journal-title":"Am J Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"9585_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-2-199601150-00001","volume":"124","author":"ES Orwoll","year":"1996","unstructured":"Orwoll ES, Bauer DC, Vogtthe TM, Fox KM (1996) Axial bone mass in older women. Study of osteoporotic fractures research group. Ann Intern Med 124:187\u2013196","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"9585_CR31","first-page":"136","volume":"10","author":"AW Frank","year":"2010","unstructured":"Frank AW, Lorbergs AL, Chilibeck PD, Farthing JP, Kontulainen SA (2010) Muscle cross sectional area and grip torque contraction types are similarly related to pQCT derived bone strength indices in the radii of older healthy adults. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 10:136\u2013141","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"9585_CR32","first-page":"239","volume":"8","author":"TL Binkley","year":"2008","unstructured":"Binkley TL, Specker BL (2008) Muscle\u2013bone relationships in the lower leg of healthy pre-pubertal females and males. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 8:239\u2013243","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"9585_CR33","first-page":"174","volume":"8","author":"J Rittweger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rittweger J (2008) Ten years muscle\u2013bone hypothesis: what have we learned so far? J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 8:174\u2013178","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"9585_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.040307","volume":"19","author":"T Lang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lang T, LeBlanc A, Evans H, Lu Y, Genant H, Yu A (2004) Cortical and trabecular bone mineral loss from the spine and hip in long-duration spaceflight. J Bone Miner Res 19:1006\u20131012","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"9585_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.85.3.1095","volume":"85","author":"E Schoenau","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schoenau E, Neu CM, Mokov E, Wassmer G, Manz F (2000) Influence of puberty on muscle area and cortical bone area of the forearm in boys and girls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 85:1095\u20131098","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9585_CR36","first-page":"6947","volume":"424","author":"K Lee","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lee K, Jessop H, Suswillo R, Zaman G, Lanyon L (2003) Bone adaptation requires oestrogen receptor-\u03b1. Nature 424:6947","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9585_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1007\/s11914-011-0050-7","volume":"9","author":"J Price","year":"2011","unstructured":"Price J, Sugiyama T, Galea GL, Meakin LB, Sunters A, Lanyon LE (2011) Role of endocrine and paracrine factors in the adaptation of bone to mechanical loading. Curr Osteoporos Rep 9:76\u201382","journal-title":"Curr Osteoporos Rep"},{"key":"9585_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1781","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.070712","volume":"22","author":"F Rivadeneira","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rivadeneira F, Zillikens MC, De Laet CE, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Beck TJ, Pols HA (2007) Femoral neck BMD is a strong predictor of hip fracture susceptibility in elderly men and women because it detects cortical bone instability: the Rotterdam study. J Bone Miner Res 22:1781\u20131790","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"9585_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080802","volume":"23","author":"S Kaptoge","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kaptoge S, Beck TJ, Reeve J, Stone KL, Hillier TA, Cauley JA, Cumming SR (2008) Prediction of incident hip fracture risk by femur geometry variables measured by hip structural analysis in the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res 23:1892\u20131904","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"9585_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1080\/10790268.2006.11753898","volume":"29","author":"L Giangregorio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Giangregorio L, McCartney N (2006) Bone loss and muscle atrophy in spinal cord injury: epidemiology, fracture prediction, and rehabilitation strategies. J Spinal Cord Med 29:489\u2013500","journal-title":"J Spinal Cord Med"},{"key":"9585_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980070103","volume":"11","author":"L J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2000","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen L, Jacobsen BK, Wilsgaard T, Magnus JH (2000) Walking after stroke: does it matter? Changes in bone mineral density within the first 12\u00a0months after stroke. A longitudinal study. Osteoporos Int 11:381\u2013387","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"9585_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.071103","volume":"23","author":"F Lauretani","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lauretani F, Bandinelli S, Griswold ME, Maggio M, Semba R, Guralnik JM, Ferrucci L (2008) Longitudinal changes in BMD and bone geometry in a population-based study. J Bone Miner Res 23:400\u2013408","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"9585_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.071020","volume":"23","author":"BL Riggs","year":"2008","unstructured":"Riggs BL, Melton LJ, Robb RA, Camp JJ, Atkinson EJ, McDaniel L, Amin S, Rouleau PA, Khosla S (2008) A population-based assessment of rates of bone loss at multiple skeletal sites: evidence for substantial trabecular bone loss in young adult women and men. J Bone Miner Res 23:205\u2013214","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"9585_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2010.06.027","volume":"47","author":"CA Bailey","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bailey CA, Kukuljan S, Daly RM (2010) Effects of lifetime loading history on cortical bone density and its distribution in middle-aged and older men. Bone 47:673\u2013680","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"9585_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0114-1","volume":"17","author":"RM Daly","year":"2006","unstructured":"Daly RM, Bass SL (2006) Lifetime sport and leisure activity participation is associated with greater bone size, quality and strength in older men. Osteoporos Int 17:1258\u20131267","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"}],"container-title":["Calcified Tissue International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00223-012-9585-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00223-012-9585-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00223-012-9585-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,25]],"date-time":"2019-06-25T22:48:07Z","timestamp":1561502887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00223-012-9585-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,5]]}},"alternative-id":["9585"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-012-9585-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-967X","1432-0827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0171-967X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,27]]}}}