{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T02:09:43Z","timestamp":1768874983696,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,11]],"date-time":"2015-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1420934400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Calcif Tissue Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-014-9949-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,10]],"date-time":"2015-01-10T05:59:45Z","timestamp":1420869585000},"page":"160-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Adults with Prader\u2013Willi Syndrome have Weaker Bones: Effect of Treatment with GH and Sex Steroids"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"96","author":[{"given":"Silvia","family":"Longhi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graziano","family":"Grugni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Davide","family":"Gatti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emiliano","family":"Spinozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Sartorio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvano","family":"Adami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Fanolla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Giorgio","family":"Radetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"9949_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021538","volume":"88","author":"I Bakker","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bakker I, Twisk JW, Van Mechelen W, Kemper HC (2003) Fat-free body mass is the most important body composition determinant of 10-yr longitudinal development of lumbar bone in adult men and women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:2607\u20132613","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9949_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2325","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-2501","volume":"94","author":"YE Taes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Taes YE, Lapauw B, Vanbillemont G et al (2009) Fat mass is negatively associated with cortical bone size in young healthy male siblings. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 94:2325\u20132331","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9949_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/83.1.146","volume":"83","author":"YH Hsu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hsu YH, Venners SA, Terwedow HA et al (2006) Relation of body composition, fat mass, and serum lipids to osteoporotic fractures and bone mineral density in Chinese men and women. Am J Clin Nutr 83:146\u2013154","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"9949_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-007-0786-4","volume":"26","author":"E Rocher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rocher E, Chappard C, Jaffre C, Benhamou CL, Courteix D (2008) Bone mineral density in prepubertal obese and control children: relation to body weight, lean mass, and fat mass. J Bone Miner Metab 26:73\u201378","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"9949_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2013.02.006","volume":"55","author":"AC Ng","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ng AC, Melton LJ 3rd, Atkinson EJ et al (2013) Relationship of adiposity to bone volumetric density and microstructure in men and women across the adult lifespan. Bone 55:119\u2013125","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"9949_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2012.04476.x","volume":"78","author":"S Longhi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Longhi S, Pasquino B, Calcagno A et al (2013) Small metacarpal bones of low quality in obese children. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 78:79\u201385","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)"},{"key":"9949_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.2174\/138920211795677877","volume":"12","author":"MG Butler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Butler MG (2011) rader-Willi syndrome: obesity due to genomic imprinting. Curr Genomics 12:204\u2013215","journal-title":"Curr Genomics"},{"key":"9949_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2003.11.003","volume":"15","author":"AP Goldstone","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goldstone AP (2004) Prader-Willi syndrome: advances in genetics, pathophysiology and treatment. Trends Endocrinol Metab 15:12\u201320","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9949_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1038\/gim.0b013e31822bead0","volume":"14","author":"SB Cassidy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cassidy SB, Schwartz S, Miller JL, Driscoll DJ (2012) Prader-Willi syndrome. Genet Med 14:10\u201326","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"key":"9949_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1685","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.193","volume":"14","author":"MF Theodoro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Theodoro MF, Talebizadeh Z, Butler MG (2006) Body composition and fatness patterns in Prader- Willi syndrome: comparison with simple obesity. Obesity 14:1685\u20131690","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"9949_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803115","volume":"30","author":"L Kennedy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kennedy L, Bittel DC, Kibiryeva N, Kalra SP, Torto R, Butler MG (2006) Circulating adiponectin levels, body composition, and obesity-related variables in Prader-Willi syndrome: comparison with obese subjects. Int J Obes 30:382\u2013387","journal-title":"Int J Obes"},{"key":"9949_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4330","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.9.7814","volume":"86","author":"AP Goldstone","year":"2001","unstructured":"Goldstone AP, Thomas EL, Brynes AE et al (2001) isceral adipose tissue and metabolic complications of obesity are reduced in Prader-Willi syndrome female adults: evidence for novel influences on body fat distribution. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:4330\u20134338","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9949_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.2004.00392.x","volume":"67","author":"Z Talebizadeh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Talebizadeh Z, Butler M (2005) Insulin resistance and obesity-related factors in Prader-Willi syndrome: comparison with obese subjects. Clin Genet 67:230\u2013239","journal-title":"Clin Genet"},{"key":"9949_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1067\/mpd.2001.118399","volume":"139","author":"EG Mil Van","year":"2001","unstructured":"Van Mil EG, Westerterp KR, Gerver WJ, Van Marken Lichtenbelt WD, Kester AD, Saris WH (2001) Body composition in Prader-Willi syndrome compared with nonsyndromal obesity: relationship to physical activity and growth hormone function. J Pediatr 139:708\u2013714","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"9949_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2012.05.005","volume":"36","author":"L Reus","year":"2012","unstructured":"Reus L, van Vlimmeren LA, Staal JB, Otten BJ, Nijhuis-van der Sanden MW (2012) The effect of growth hormone treatment or physical training on motor performance in Prader-Willi syndrome: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 36:1817\u20131838","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"9949_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1556","volume":"103","author":"MG Butler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Butler MG, Haber L, Mernaugh R, Carlson MG, Price R, Feurer ID (2001) Decreased bone mineral density in Prader-Willi syndrome: comparison with obese subjects. Am J Med Genet 103:216\u2013222","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"9949_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2004.01.056","volume":"144","author":"P Vestergaard","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vestergaard P, Kristensen K, Bruun JM et al (2004) Reduced bone mineral density and increased bone turnover in Prader-Willi syndrome compared with controls matched for sex and body mass index\u2014a cross-sectional study. J Pediatr 144:614\u2013619","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"9949_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1389","volume":"95","author":"AL Carrel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carrel AL, Myers SE, Whitman BY, Eickhoff J, Allen DB (2010) Long-term growth hormone therapy changes the natural history of body composition and motor function in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:1131\u20131136","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9949_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1072","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3888","volume":"98","author":"CL Deal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Deal CL, Tony M, H\u00f6ybye C, Allen DB, Tauber M, Christiansen JS (2013) Growth Hormone Research Society workshop summary: consensus guidelines for recombinant human growth hormone therapy in Prader-Willi syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:E1072\u2013E1087","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9949_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1097\/01.bpo.0000226282.01202.4f","volume":"26","author":"LT Kroonen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kroonen LT, Herman M, Pizzutillo PD, Macewen GD (2006) Prader-Willi Syndrome: clinical concerns for the orthopaedic surgeon. J Pediatr Orthop 26:673\u2013679","journal-title":"J Pediatr Orthop"},{"key":"9949_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.a.34171","volume":"155","author":"M Sinnema","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sinnema M, Maaskant MA, van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk HM et al (2011) Physical health problems in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 155:2112\u20132124","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet A"},{"key":"9949_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1581","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.87.4.8414","volume":"87","author":"AL Carrel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Carrel AL, Myers SE, Whitman BY, Allen DB (2002) Benefits of long-term GH therapy in Prader-Willi syndrome: a 4-year study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87:1581\u20131585","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9949_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1131","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1389","volume":"95","author":"AL Carrel","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carrel AL, Myers SE, Whitman BY, Eickhoff J, Allen DB (2010) Long-term growth hormone therapy changes the natural history of body composition and motor function in children with Prader-Willi syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:1131\u20131136","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"9949_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01955265","volume":"155","author":"N Zamberlan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zamberlan N, Radetti G, Paganini C et al (1996) Evaluation of cortical thickness and bone density by roentgen microdensitometry in growing males and females. Eur J Pediatr 155:377\u2013382","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"9949_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/8756-3282(93)90081-K","volume":"14","author":"CH Turner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Turner CH, Burr DB (1993) Basic biomechanical measurements of bone: a tutorial. Bone 14:595\u2013608","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"9949_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1017\/S001216220100202X","volume":"44","author":"JV Butler","year":"2002","unstructured":"Butler JV, Whittington JE, Holland AJ, Boer H, Clarke D, Webb T (2002) Prevalence of, and risk factors for, physical ill-health in people with Prader-Willi syndrome: a population-based study. Dev Med Child Neurol 44:248\u2013255","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"9949_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-11-0048","volume":"211","author":"EJ Mackie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mackie EJ, Tatarczuch L, Mirams M (2011) The growth plate chondrocyte and endochondral ossification. J Endocrinol 211:109\u2013121","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"key":"9949_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2009-0010","volume":"30","author":"C Ohlsson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ohlsson C, Mohan S, Sjogren K et al (2009) The role of liver-derived insulin-like growth factor-I. Endocr Rev 30:494\u2013535","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"9949_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-010-9436-2","volume":"88","author":"LE Olson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olson LE, Ohlsson C, Mohan S (2011) The role of GH\/IGF-I-mediated mechanisms in sex differences in cortical bone size in mice. Calcif Tissue Int 88:1\u20138","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"9949_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S15","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-07-0148","volume":"157","author":"MJ Walenkamp","year":"2007","unstructured":"Walenkamp MJ, Wit JM (2007) Genetic disorders in the GH IGF-I axis in mouse and man. Eur J Endocrinol 157:S15\u2013S26","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"9949_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2543","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.234","volume":"25","author":"S Yakar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yakar S, Courtland HW, Clemmons D (2010) IGF-1 and bone: new discoveries from mouse models. J Bone Miner Res 25:2543\u20132552","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"9949_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012098655-2\/50021-1","volume-title":"The aging skeleton","author":"S Mohan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mohan S, Baylink DJ (1999) Role of growth hormone\/insulin-like growth factor axis. In: Glowacki J, Rosen CJ, Bilezikian JP (eds) The aging skeleton. Academic, San Diego, pp 209\u2013219"},{"key":"9949_CR33","first-page":"55","volume":"19","author":"C Ohlsson","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ohlsson C, Bengtsson BA, Isaksson OG, Andreassen TT, Slootweg MC (1998) Growth hormone and bone. Endocr Rev 19:55\u201379","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"9949_CR34","first-page":"2539","volume":"22","author":"P Boonchaya-Anant","year":"2014","unstructured":"Boonchaya-Anant P, Holick MF, Apovian CM (2014) Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels and metabolic health status in extremely obese individuals. Obesity (Silver Spring) 22:2539\u20132543","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"9949_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2009.03686.x","volume":"72","author":"W H\u00f6gler","year":"2010","unstructured":"H\u00f6gler W, Shaw N (2010) Childhood growth hormone deficiency, bone density, structures and fractures: scrutinizing the evidence. Clin Endocrinol 72:281\u2013289","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"9949_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E753","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3378","volume":"98","author":"AP J\u00f8rgensen","year":"2013","unstructured":"J\u00f8rgensen AP, Ueland T, Sode-Carlsen R et al (2013) Two years of growth hormone treatment in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome do not improve the low BMD. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:E753\u2013E760","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["Calcified Tissue International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00223-014-9949-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00223-014-9949-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00223-014-9949-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,19]],"date-time":"2019-08-19T14:14:41Z","timestamp":1566224081000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00223-014-9949-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["9949"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-014-9949-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-967X","1432-0827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0171-967X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,1,11]]}}}