{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T23:38:50Z","timestamp":1791070730736,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":95,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,3]],"date-time":"2016-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472860800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Calcif Tissue Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-016-0191-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,3]],"date-time":"2016-09-03T04:24:44Z","timestamp":1472876684000},"page":"150-164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["DXA-Based Measurements in Diabetes: Can They Predict Fracture Risk?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"100","author":[{"given":"G. Isanne","family":"Schacter","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William D.","family":"Leslie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.11.001","volume":"42","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kanis JA, McCloskey EV, Johansson H, Oden A, Melton LJ 3rd, Khaltaev N (2008) A reference standard for the description of osteoporosis. Bone 42(3):467\u2013475","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"7","key":"191_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050304","volume":"20","author":"O Johnell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Johnell O, Kanis JA, Oden A et al (2005) Predictive value of BMD for hip and other fractures. J Bone Miner Res 20(7):1185\u20131194","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"7041","key":"191_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7041.1254","volume":"312","author":"D Marshall","year":"1996","unstructured":"Marshall D, Johnell O, Wedel H (1996) Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. BMJ (Clin Res Ed.) 312(7041):1254\u20131259","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res Ed.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1007\/s11926-008-0017-6","volume":"10","author":"ZA Cole","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cole ZA, Dennison EM, Cooper C (2008) Osteoporosis epidemiology update. Curr Rheumatol Rep 10(2):92\u201396","journal-title":"Curr Rheumatol Rep"},{"issue":"10","key":"191_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.10029","volume":"314","author":"A Menke","year":"2015","unstructured":"Menke A, Casagrande S, Geiss L, Cowie CC (2015) Prevalence of and trends in diabetes among adults in the United States, 1988\u20132012. JAMA 314(10):1021\u20131029","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm106","volume":"166","author":"M Janghorbani","year":"2007","unstructured":"Janghorbani M, Van Dam RM, Willett WC, Hu FB (2007) Systematic review of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and risk of fracture. Am J Epidemiol 166(5):495\u2013505","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0253-4","volume":"18","author":"P Vestergaard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Vestergaard P (2007) Discrepancies in bone mineral density and fracture risk in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes\u2013a meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 18(4):427\u2013444","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-012-9674-x","volume":"27","author":"L Ma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ma L, Oei L, Jiang L et al (2012) Association between bone mineral density and type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Eur J Epidemiol 27(5):319\u2013332","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"191_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1647","DOI":"10.1359\/JBMR.050514","volume":"20","author":"S Kume","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kume S, Kato S, Yamagishi S et al (2005) Advanced glycation end-products attenuate human mesenchymal stem cells and prevent cognate differentiation into adipose tissue, cartilage, and bone. J Bone Miner Res 20(9):1647\u20131658","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"191_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1433.044","volume":"1126","author":"R Sanguineti","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sanguineti R, Storace D, Monacelli F, Federici A, Odetti P (2008) Pentosidine effects on human osteoblasts in vitro. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1126:166\u2013172","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"191_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5045","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2010-0226","volume":"95","author":"AJ Burghardt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Burghardt AJ, Issever AS, Schwartz AV et al (2010) High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomographic imaging of cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95(11):5045\u20135055","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20602","volume":"64","author":"JM Pritchard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Pritchard JM, Giangregorio LM, Atkinson SA et al (2012) Association of larger holes in the trabecular bone at the distal radius in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus compared to controls. Arthritis Care Res 64(1):83\u201391","journal-title":"Arthritis Care Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.090725","volume":"25","author":"MA Petit","year":"2010","unstructured":"Petit MA, Paudel ML, Taylor BC et al (2010) Bone mass and strength in older men with type 2 diabetes: the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men Study. J Bone Miner Res 25(2):285\u2013291","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"191_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.2003.18.6.1020","volume":"18","author":"HH Bolotin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bolotin HH, Sievanen H, Grashuis JL (2003) Patient-specific DXA bone mineral density inaccuracies: quantitative effects of nonuniform extraosseous fat distributions. J Bone Miner Res 18(6):1020\u20131027","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/0169-6009(90)90101-K","volume":"9","author":"TN Hangartner","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hangartner TN, Johnston CC (1990) Influence of fat on bone measurements with dual-energy absorptiometry. Bone Miner 9(1):71\u201381","journal-title":"Bone Miner"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.506","volume":"27","author":"EW Yu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yu EW, Thomas BJ, Brown JK, Finkelstein JS (2012) Simulated increases in body fat and errors in bone mineral density measurements by DXA and QCT. J Bone Miner Res 27(1):119\u2013124","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2063","volume":"29","author":"EW Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu EW, Bouxsein ML, Roy AE et al (2014) Bone loss after bariatric surgery: discordant results between DXA and QCT bone density. J Bone Miner Res 29(3):542\u2013550","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02555008","volume":"46","author":"B Dawson-Hughes","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dawson-Hughes B, Dallal GE (1990) Effect of radiographic abnormalities on rate of bone loss from the spine. Calcif Tissue Int 46(4):280\u2013281","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"191_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650091216","volume":"9","author":"SL Greenspan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Greenspan SL, Maitland LA, Myers ER, Krasnow MB, Kido TH (1994) Femoral bone loss progresses with age: a longitudinal study in women over age 65. J Bone Miner Res 9(12):1959\u20131965","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2017","volume":"29","author":"H Johansson","year":"2014","unstructured":"Johansson H, Kanis JA, Oden A et al (2014) A meta-analysis of the association of fracture risk and body mass index in women. J Bone Miner Res 29(1):223\u2013233","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/S1056-8727(97)00077-9","volume":"12","author":"MJ Kayath","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kayath MJ, Tavares EF, Dib SA, Vieira JG (1998) Prospective bone mineral density evaluation in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complicat 12(3):133\u2013139","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"issue":"7","key":"191_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.2337\/diab.44.7.775","volume":"44","author":"JC Krakauer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Krakauer JC, McKenna MJ, Buderer NF, Rao DS, Whitehouse FW, Parfitt AM (1995) Bone loss and bone turnover in diabetes. Diabetes 44(7):775\u2013782","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1007\/s001980050082","volume":"8","author":"T Miazgowski","year":"1998","unstructured":"Miazgowski T, Czekalski S (1998) A 2-year follow-up study on bone mineral density and markers of bone turnover in patients with long-standing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Osteoporos Int 8(5):399\u2013403","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.1.02309","volume":"156","author":"T Miazgowski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Miazgowski T, Pynka S, Noworyta-Zietara M, Krzyzanowska-Swiniarska B, Pikul R (2007) Bone mineral density and hip structural analysis in type 1 diabetic men. Eur J Endocrinol\/Eur Fed Endocr Soc 156(1):123\u2013127","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol\/Eur Fed Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s00592-011-0324-7","volume":"49","author":"EJ Hamilton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hamilton EJ, Rakic V, Davis WA et al (2012) A five-year prospective study of bone mineral density in men and women with diabetes: the Fremantle Diabetes Study. Acta Diabetol 49(2):153\u2013158","journal-title":"Acta Diabetol"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2011.08.004","volume":"15","author":"RE Maser","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maser RE, Kolm P, Modlesky CM, Beck TJ, Lenhard MJ (2012) Hip strength in adults with type 1 diabetes is associated with age at onset of diabetes. J Clin Densitom 15(1):78\u201385","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"191_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397814","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/397814","volume":"2013","author":"A Joshi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Joshi A, Varthakavi P, Chadha M, Bhagwat N (2013) A study of bone mineral density and its determinants in type 1 diabetes mellitus. J osteoporos 2013:397814","journal-title":"J osteoporos"},{"issue":"9","key":"191_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1729","DOI":"10.2337\/dc07-2426","volume":"31","author":"LD Mastrandrea","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mastrandrea LD, Wactawski-Wende J, Donahue RP, Hovey KM, Clark A, Quattrin T (2008) Young women with type 1 diabetes have lower bone mineral density that persists over time. Diabetes Care 31(9):1729\u20131735","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"191_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2365","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.8.2365","volume":"26","author":"EY Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu EY, Wactawski-Wende J, Donahue RP, Dmochowski J, Hovey KM, Quattrin T (2003) Does low bone mineral density start in post-teenage years in women with type 1 diabetes? Diabetes Care 26(8):2365\u20132369","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.29.02.06.dc05-1353","volume":"29","author":"ES Strotmeyer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Strotmeyer ES, Cauley JA, Orchard TJ, Steenkiste AR, Dorman JS (2006) Middle-aged premenopausal women with type 1 diabetes have lower bone mineral density and calcaneal quantitative ultrasound than nondiabetic women. Diabetes Care 29(2):306\u2013311","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"191_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1635","DOI":"10.2337\/dc12-1355","volume":"36","author":"VV Zhukouskaya","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhukouskaya VV, Eller-Vainicher C, Vadzianava VV et al (2013) Prevalence of morphometric vertebral fractures in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 36(6):1635\u20131640","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"191_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6823-14-33","volume":"14","author":"G Leidig-Bruckner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leidig-Bruckner G, Grobholz S, Bruckner T, Scheidt-Nave C, Nawroth P, Schneider JG (2014) Prevalence and determinants of osteoporosis in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Endocr Disord 14:33","journal-title":"BMC Endocr Disord"},{"issue":"12","key":"191_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1909-1","volume":"16","author":"II Liefde de","year":"2005","unstructured":"de Liefde II, van der Klift M, de Laet CE, van Daele PL, Hofman A, Pols HA (2005) Bone mineral density and fracture risk in type-2 diabetes mellitus: the Rotterdam Study. Osteoporos Int 16(12):1713\u20131720","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"21","key":"191_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2184","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.715","volume":"305","author":"AV Schwartz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schwartz AV, Vittinghoff E, Bauer DC et al (2011) Association of BMD and FRAX score with risk of fracture in older adults with type 2 diabetes. JAMA 305(21):2184\u20132192","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"191_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3289-6","volume":"57","author":"N Napoli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Napoli N, Strotmeyer ES, Ensrud KE et al (2014) Fracture risk in diabetic elderly men: the MrOS study. Diabetologia 57(10):2057\u20132065","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"issue":"9","key":"191_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3404","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-0614","volume":"91","author":"DE Bonds","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bonds DE, Larson JC, Schwartz AV et al (2006) Risk of fracture in women with type 2 diabetes: the Women\u2019s Health Initiative Observational Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metabol 91(9):3404\u20133410","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metabol"},{"issue":"12","key":"191_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2817","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2822-2","volume":"25","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Morin SN, Lix LM, Majumdar SR (2014) Does diabetes modify the effect of FRAX risk factors for predicting major osteoporotic and hip fracture? Osteoporos Int 25(12):2817\u20132824","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2015.06.005","volume":"18","author":"SB Broy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Broy SB, Cauley JA, Lewiecki ME, Schousboe JT, Shepherd JA, Leslie WD (2015) Fracture risk prediction by non-BMD DXA measures: the 2015 iscd official positions part 1: hip geometry. J Clin Densitom 18(3):287\u2013308","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1243\/09544119JEIM307","volume":"222","author":"S Pisharody","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pisharody S, Phillips R, Langton CM (2008) Sensitivity of proximal femoral stiffness and areal bone mineral density to changes in bone geometry and density. Proc Inst Mech Eng [H] 222(3):367\u2013375","journal-title":"Proc Inst Mech Eng [H]"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.1856","volume":"28","author":"KE Naylor","year":"2013","unstructured":"Naylor KE, McCloskey EV, Eastell R, Yang L (2013) Use of DXA-based finite element analysis of the proximal femur in a longitudinal study of hip fracture. J Bone Miner Res 28(5):1014\u20131021","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2015.06.001","volume":"24","author":"SP Vaananen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vaananen SP, Grassi L, Flivik G, Jurvelin JS, Isaksson H (2015) Generation of 3D shape, density, cortical thickness and finite element mesh of proximal femur from a DXA image. Med Image Anal 24(1):125\u2013134","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.3233\/BME-151271","volume":"25","author":"Z Ferdous","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferdous Z, Luo Y (2015) Study of hip fracture risk by DXA-based patient-specific finite element model. Bio-Med Mater Eng 25(2):213\u2013220","journal-title":"Bio-Med Mater Eng"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2063","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4390","volume":"100","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Lix LM, Morin SN et al (2015) Hip axis length is a FRAX- and bone density-independent risk factor for hip fracture in women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100(5):2063\u20132070","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2015.07.004","volume":"19","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Lix LM, Morin SN et al (2016) Adjusting hip fracture probability in men and women using hip axis length: the Manitoba bone density database. J Clin Densitom 19(3):326\u2013331","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2014.05.007","volume":"28","author":"JM Akeroyd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Akeroyd JM, Suarez EA, Bartali B et al (2014) Differences in skeletal and non-skeletal factors in a diverse sample of men with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complicat 28(5):679\u2013683","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"issue":"12","key":"191_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2594","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2291","volume":"29","author":"L Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang L, Palermo L, Black DM, Eastell R (2014) Prediction of incident hip fracture with the estimated femoral strength by finite element analysis of DXA Scans in the study of osteoporotic fractures. J Bone Miner Res 29(12):2594\u20132600","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1359\/jbmr.080906","volume":"24","author":"L Yang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yang L, Peel N, Clowes JA, McCloskey EV, Eastell R (2009) Use of DXA-based structural engineering models of the proximal femur to discriminate hip fracture. J Bone Miner Res 24(1):33\u201342","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"191_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.05.010","volume":"61","author":"R Garg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Garg R, Chen Z, Beck T et al (2012) Hip geometry in diabetic women: implications for fracture risk. Metab Clin Exp 61(12):1756\u20131762","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2011.04.007","volume":"14","author":"KF Moseley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moseley KF, Dobrosielski DA, Stewart KJ, Sellmeyer DE, Jan De Beur SM (2011) Lean mass predicts hip geometry in men and women with non-insulin-requiring type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Clin Densitom 14(3):332\u2013339","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"10","key":"191_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2013.05.004","volume":"62","author":"CJ Hamilton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hamilton CJ, Jamal SA, Beck TJ et al (2013) Evidence for impaired skeletal load adaptation among Canadian women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: insight into the BMD and bone fragility paradox. Metab Clin Exp 62(10):1401\u20131405","journal-title":"Metab Clin Exp"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2011-1883","volume":"97","author":"S Ishii","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ishii S, Cauley JA, Crandall CJ et al (2012) Diabetes and femoral neck strength: findings from the hip strength across the menopausal transition study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97(1):190\u2013197","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdiacomp.2005.07.006","volume":"20","author":"DJ Hadjidakis","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hadjidakis DJ, Raptis AE, Sfakianakis M, Mylonakis A, Raptis SA (2006) Bone mineral density of both genders in Type 1 diabetes according to bone composition. J Diabetes Complicat 20(5):302\u2013307","journal-title":"J Diabetes Complicat"},{"issue":"6","key":"191_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-015-9980-x","volume":"96","author":"EV McCloskey","year":"2015","unstructured":"McCloskey EV, Oden A, Harvey NC et al (2015) Adjusting fracture probability by trabecular bone score. Calcif Tissue Int 96(6):500\u2013509","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2015.06.008","volume":"18","author":"BC Silva","year":"2015","unstructured":"Silva BC, Broy SB, Boutroy S, Schousboe JT, Shepherd JA, Leslie WD (2015) Fracture risk prediction by non-BMD DXA measures: the 2015 ISCD official positions part 2: trabecular bone score. J Clin Densitom 18(3):309\u2013330","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"key":"191_CR55","volume-title":"Biomarkers in disease methods, discoveries and applications","author":"WDBN Leslie","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leslie WDBN (2016) Spine bone texture and the trabecular bone score (TBS). In: Preedy VBPaVR (ed) Biomarkers in disease methods, discoveries and applications. Springer, New York"},{"issue":"11","key":"191_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.499","volume":"26","author":"D Hans","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hans D, Goertzen AL, Krieg MA, Leslie WD (2011) Bone microarchitecture assessed by TBS predicts osteoporotic fractures independent of bone density: the Manitoba study. J Bone Miner Res 26(11):2762\u20132769","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3118","volume":"98","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Aubry-Rozier B, Lamy O, Hans D (2013) TBS (trabecular bone score) and diabetes-related fracture risk. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98(2):602\u2013609","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2734","volume":"31","author":"EV McCloskey","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCloskey EV, Oden A, Harvey NC et al (2016) A meta-analysis of trabecular bone score in fracture risk prediction and its relationship to FRAX. J Bone Miner Res 31(5):940\u2013948","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3222-y","volume":"27","author":"T Neumann","year":"2016","unstructured":"Neumann T, Lodes S, Kastner B et al (2016) Trabecular bone score in type 1 diabetes-a cross-sectional study. Osteoporos Int 27(1):127\u2013133","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"7","key":"191_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1969","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-014-2704-7","volume":"25","author":"R Dhaliwal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dhaliwal R, Cibula D, Ghosh C, Weinstock RS, Moses AM (2014) Bone quality assessment in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Osteoporos Int 25(7):1969\u20131973","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2047","volume":"100","author":"JH Kim","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kim JH, Choi HJ, Ku EJ et al (2015) Trabecular bone score as an indicator for skeletal deterioration in diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100(2):475\u2013482","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"191_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-005-1880-x","volume":"16","author":"L Ferrar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ferrar L, Jiang G, Adams J, Eastell R (2005) Identification of vertebral fractures: an update. Osteoporos Int 16(7):717\u2013728","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"14","key":"191_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.165.14.1612","volume":"165","author":"ES Strotmeyer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Strotmeyer ES, Cauley JA, Schwartz AV et al (2005) Nontraumatic fracture risk with diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose in older white and black adults: the health, aging, and body composition study. Arch Intern Med 165(14):1612\u20131617","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.04.003","volume":"37","author":"GG Crans","year":"2005","unstructured":"Crans GG, Genant HK, Krege JH (2005) Prognostic utility of a semiquantitative spinal deformity index. Bone 37(2):175\u2013179","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2013.08.003","volume":"16","author":"HN Rosen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosen HN, Vokes TJ, Malabanan AO et al (2013) The official positions of the international society for clinical densitometry: vertebral fracture assessment. J Clin Densitom 16(4):482\u2013488","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"3","key":"191_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2013.11.003","volume":"17","author":"SH Chou","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chou SH, Vokes TJ, Ma SL, Costello M, Rosen HR, Schousboe JT (2014) Simplified criteria for selecting patients for vertebral fracture assessment. J Clin Densitom 17(3):386\u2013391","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"11","key":"191_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4215","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-1178","volume":"91","author":"EM Lewiecki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lewiecki EM, Laster AJ (2006) Clinical review: clinical applications of vertebral fracture assessment by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91(11):4215\u20134222","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"6","key":"191_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2007.02.021","volume":"40","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Lix LM, Prior HJ, Derksen S, Metge C, O\u2019Neil J (2007) Biphasic fracture risk in diabetes: a population-based study. Bone 40(6):1595\u20131601","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"8","key":"191_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2008.03.066","volume":"52","author":"RP Gelber","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gelber RP, Gaziano JM, Orav EJ, Manson JE, Buring JE, Kurth T (2008) Measures of obesity and cardiovascular risk among men and women. J Am Coll Cardiol 52(8):605\u2013615","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.31","volume":"14","author":"KL Storti","year":"2006","unstructured":"Storti KL, Brach JS, FitzGerald SJ, Bunker CH, Kriska AM (2006) Relationships among body composition measures in community-dwelling older women. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 14(2):244\u2013251","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1385\/JCD:6:2:75","volume":"6","author":"CV Albanese","year":"2003","unstructured":"Albanese CV, Diessel E, Genant HK (2003) Clinical applications of body composition measurements using DXA. J Clin Densitom 6(2):75\u201385","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2015.03.001","volume":"18","author":"GI Schacter","year":"2015","unstructured":"Schacter GI, Leslie WD (2015) Spine-hip thickness difference measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is associated with diabetes mellitus in women and men. J Clin Densitom 18(4):512\u2013518","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"1","key":"191_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2013-3190","volume":"99","author":"LT Ho-Pham","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ho-Pham LT, Nguyen UD, Nguyen TV (2014) Association between lean mass, fat mass, and bone mineral density: a meta-analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(1):30\u201338","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"191_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2280","volume":"29","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Orwoll ES, Nielson CM et al (2014) Estimated lean mass and fat mass differentially affect femoral bone density and strength index but are not FRAX independent risk factors for fracture. J Bone Miner Res 29(11):2511\u20132519","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2015.04.013","volume":"18","author":"JA Cauley","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cauley JA (2015) An overview of sarcopenic obesity. J Clin Densitom 18(4):499\u2013505","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"8","key":"191_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1414","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2469","volume":"30","author":"S Malkov","year":"2015","unstructured":"Malkov S, Cawthon PM, Peters KW et al (2015) Hip fractures risk in older men and women associated with DXA-derived measures of thigh subcutaneous fat thickness, cross-sectional muscle area, and muscle density. J Bone Miner Res 30(8):1414\u20131421","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocd.2015.05.063","volume":"18","author":"PM Cawthon","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cawthon PM (2015) Assessment of lean mass and physical performance in sarcopenia. J Clin Densitom 18(4):467\u2013471","journal-title":"J Clin Densitom"},{"issue":"9","key":"191_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1733","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13605","volume":"63","author":"D Chalhoub","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chalhoub D, Cawthon PM, Ensrud KE et al (2015) Risk of nonspine fractures in older adults with sarcopenia, low bone mass, or both. J Am Geriatr Soc 63(9):1733\u20131740","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.3109\/00365513.2011.573574","volume":"71","author":"SM Abd El Dayem","year":"2011","unstructured":"Abd El Dayem SM, El-Shehaby AM, Abd El Gafar A, Fawzy A, Salama H (2011) Bone density, body composition, and markers of bone remodeling in type 1 diabetic patients. Scand J Clin Lab Investig 71(5):387\u2013393","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Investig"},{"key":"191_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-13-25","volume":"13","author":"K Direk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Direk K, Cecelja M, Astle W et al (2013) The relationship between DXA-based and anthropometric measures of visceral fat and morbidity in women. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 13:25","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"issue":"6","key":"191_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-2280","volume":"32","author":"SA Porter","year":"2009","unstructured":"Porter SA, Massaro JM, Hoffmann U, Vasan RS, O\u2019Donnel CJ, Fox CS (2009) Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue: a protective fat depot? Diabetes Care 32(6):1068\u20131075","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"7","key":"191_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3272","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-2794","volume":"95","author":"WD Leslie","year":"2010","unstructured":"Leslie WD, Ludwig SM, Morin S (2010) Abdominal fat from spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and risk for subsequent diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95(7):3272\u20133276","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2010.03965.x","volume":"74","author":"KF Moseley","year":"2011","unstructured":"Moseley KF, Dobrosielski DA, Stewart KJ, De Beur SM, Sellmeyer DE (2011) Lean mass and fat mass predict bone mineral density in middle-aged individuals with noninsulin-requiring type 2 diabetes mellitus. Clin Endocrinol 74(5):565\u2013571","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"8","key":"191_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0802309","volume":"27","author":"FE Eyben von","year":"2003","unstructured":"von Eyben FE, Mouritsen E, Holm J et al (2003) Intra-abdominal obesity and metabolic risk factors: a study of young adults. Int J obes Related Metab Disord 27(8):941\u2013949","journal-title":"Int J obes Related Metab Disord"},{"issue":"11 Suppl 1","key":"191_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S57","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-1585","volume":"93","author":"MD Jensen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Jensen MD (2008) Role of body fat distribution and the metabolic complications of obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 93(11 Suppl 1):S57\u2013S63","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"191_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20223","volume":"21","author":"MP Rothney","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rothney MP, Catapano AL, Xia J et al (2013) Abdominal visceral fat measurement using dual-energy X-ray: association with cardiometabolic risk factors. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) 21(9):1798\u20131802","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)"},{"key":"191_CR87","unstructured":"Kanis JA (2008) Assessment of osteoporosis at the primary health-care level. Technical Report. WHO Collaborating Centre for Metabolic Bone Disease, University of Sheffield, UK"},{"issue":"5","key":"191_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.01.373","volume":"44","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Oden A, Johansson H, Borgstrom F, Strom O, McCloskey E (2009) FRAX and its applications to clinical practice. Bone 44(5):734\u2013743","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"8","key":"191_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-007-0362-8","volume":"18","author":"ND Nguyen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nguyen ND, Frost SA, Center JR, Eisman JA, Nguyen TV (2007) Development of a nomogram for individualizing hip fracture risk in men and women. Osteoporos Int 18(8):1109\u20131117","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E107","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.100458","volume":"183","author":"L Langsetmo","year":"2011","unstructured":"Langsetmo L, Nguyen TV, Nguyen ND et al (2011) Independent external validation of nomograms for predicting risk of low-trauma fracture and hip fracture. CMAJ Can Med Assoc J 183(2):E107\u2013E114","journal-title":"CMAJ Can Med Assoc J"},{"key":"191_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"b4229","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b4229","volume":"339","author":"J Hippisley-Cox","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hippisley-Cox J, Coupland C (2009) Predicting risk of osteoporotic fracture in men and women in England and Wales: prospective derivation and validation of QFractureScores. BMJ (Clin Res Ed.) 339:b4229","journal-title":"BMJ (Clin Res Ed.)"},{"issue":"4","key":"191_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R127","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-0820","volume":"174","author":"FS Hough","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hough FS, Pierroz DD, Cooper C, Ferrari SL (2016) MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Mechanisms and evaluation of bone fragility in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Eur J Endocrinol\/Eur Fed Endocr Soc 174(4):R127\u2013R138","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol\/Eur Fed Endocr Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"191_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.556","volume":"27","author":"LM Giangregorio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Giangregorio LM, Leslie WD, Lix LM et al (2012) FRAX underestimates fracture risk in patients with diabetes. J Bone Min Res 27(2):301\u2013308","journal-title":"J Bone Min Res"},{"issue":"9","key":"191_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-011-1713-z","volume":"22","author":"JA Kanis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kanis JA, Hans D, Cooper C et al (2011) Interpretation and use of FRAX in clinical practice. Osteoporos Int 22(9):2395\u20132411","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"191_CR95","volume-title":"Diabetic bone disease: basic and translational research and clinical applications","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lecka-Czernik B, Fowlkes J (eds) (2016) Diabetic bone disease: basic and translational research and clinical applications. Springer International Publishing, Switzerland"}],"container-title":["Calcified Tissue International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00223-016-0191-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00223-016-0191-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00223-016-0191-x","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00223-016-0191-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,19]],"date-time":"2024-06-19T05:44:02Z","timestamp":1718775842000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00223-016-0191-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,3]]},"references-count":95,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,2]]}},"alternative-id":["191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-016-0191-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-967X","1432-0827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0171-967X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,3]]}}}