{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T12:12:47Z","timestamp":1773231167704,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1512691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004562","name":"Minist\u00e8re de l\u2019Education Nationale, de l\u2019Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004562","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Calcif Tissue Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-017-0371-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]],"date-time":"2017-12-08T08:01:27Z","timestamp":1512720087000},"page":"695-704","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Long-Term Quantitative Evaluation of Muscle and Bone Wasting Induced by Botulinum Toxin in Mice Using Microcomputed Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"102","author":[{"given":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Libouban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claude","family":"Guintard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Minier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Aguado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5886-9513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Chappard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"371_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5962\/bhl.title.11332","volume-title":"On growth and form","author":"DW Thompson","year":"1917","unstructured":"Thompson DW (1917) On growth and form. University Press, Cambridge"},{"key":"371_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200939060-00002","volume":"39","author":"A Guadalupe-Grau","year":"2009","unstructured":"Guadalupe-Grau A, Fuentes T, Guerra B, Calbet JA (2009) Exercise and bone mass in adults. Sports Med 39:439\u2013468","journal-title":"Sports Med"},{"key":"371_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1682\/JRRD.2007.02.0031","volume":"45","author":"S Dudley-Javoroski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Dudley-Javoroski S, Shields RK (2008) Muscle and bone plasticity after spinal cord injury: review of adaptations to disuse and to electrical muscle stimulation. J Rehabil Res Dev 45:283\u2013296","journal-title":"J Rehabil Res Dev"},{"key":"371_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-012-2057-z","volume":"24","author":"S Verschueren","year":"2013","unstructured":"Verschueren S, Gielen E, O\u2019Neill T, Pye S, Adams J, Ward K, Wu F, Szulc P, Laurent M, Claessens F (2013) Sarcopenia and its relationship with bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly European men. Osteoporos Int 24:87\u201398","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"371_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/afq034","volume":"39","author":"AJ Cruz-Jentoft","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Baeyens JP, Bauer JM, Boirie Y, Cederholm T, Landi F, Martin FC, Michel J-P, Rolland Y, Schneider SM (2010) Sarcopenia: European consensus on definition and diagnosis Report of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. Age Ageing 39:412\u2013423","journal-title":"Age Ageing"},{"key":"371_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.morpho.2008.10.003","volume":"92","author":"D Chappard","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chappard D, Basl\u00e9 MF, Legrand E, Audran M (2008) Trabecular bone microarchitecture: a review. Morphologie 92:162\u2013170","journal-title":"Morphologie"},{"key":"371_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1092260403","volume":"226","author":"HM Frost","year":"1990","unstructured":"Frost HM (1990) Skeletal structural adaptations to mechanical usage (SATMU): 2. Redefining Wolff\u2019s law: the remodeling problem. Anat Rec 226:414\u2013422","journal-title":"Anat Rec"},{"key":"371_CR8","unstructured":"Wolff J (1892) The law of bone remodeling (Das gesetz der transformation der knochen). Originally published by Verlag von August Hirshwald, Berlin (English translation by Maquet P, Furlong R, published by Springer, Berlin, 1986)"},{"key":"371_CR9","volume-title":"Anatomie compar\u00e9e des mammif\u00e8res domestiques, ost\u00e9ologie","author":"R Barone","year":"1986","unstructured":"Barone R (1986) Anatomie compar\u00e9e des mammif\u00e8res domestiques, ost\u00e9ologie. Vigot, Paris"},{"key":"371_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02547214","volume":"17","author":"P Minaire","year":"1974","unstructured":"Minaire P, Meunier P, Edouard C, Bernard J, Courpron P, Bourret J (1974) Quantitative histological data on disuse osteoporosis: comparison with biological data. Calcif Tissue Res 17:57\u201373","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Res"},{"key":"371_CR11","first-page":"25","volume":"83","author":"WS Jee","year":"1999","unstructured":"Jee WS, Ma Y (1999) Animal models of immobilization osteopenia. Morphologie 83:25\u201334","journal-title":"Morphologie"},{"key":"371_CR12","first-page":"R310","volume":"244","author":"WS Jee","year":"1983","unstructured":"Jee WS, Wronski TJ, Morey ER, Kimmel DB (1983) Effects of spaceflight on trabecular bone in rats. Am J Physiol 244:R310\u2013R314","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"371_CR13","first-page":"197","volume-title":"Tissu osseux et biomat\u00e9riaux en chirurgie dentaire","author":"H Libouban","year":"2014","unstructured":"Libouban H (2014) Tissu osseux et contraintes m\u00e9caniques: immobilisation et microgravit\u00e9. In: Guillaume B, Audran M, Chappard D (eds) Tissu osseux et biomat\u00e9riaux en chirurgie dentaire. Quintessence International, Paris, pp\u00a0197\u2013208"},{"key":"371_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/S8756-3282(00)00438-5","volume":"28","author":"D Chappard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chappard D, Chennebault A, Moreau M, Legrand E, Audran M, Basl\u00e9 MF (2001) Texture analysis of X-ray radiographs is a more reliable descriptor of bone loss than mineral content in a rat model of localized disuse induced by the Clostridium botulinum toxin. Bone 28:72\u201379","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"371_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bonr.2015.04.001","volume":"2","author":"A Lodberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lodberg A, Vegger JB, Jensen MV, Larsen CM, Thomsen JS, Bruel A (2015) Immobilization induced osteopenia is strain specific in mice. Bone Rep 2:59\u201367","journal-title":"Bone Rep"},{"key":"371_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2013.02.006","volume":"306","author":"A Wheeler","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wheeler A, Smith HS (2013) Botulinum toxins: mechanisms of action, antinociception and clinical applications. Toxicol 306:124\u2013146","journal-title":"Toxicol"},{"key":"371_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.22691","volume":"157","author":"K Djukic","year":"2015","unstructured":"Djukic K, Milovanovic P, Hahn M, Busse B, Amling M, Djuric M (2015) Bone microarchitecture at muscle attachment sites: the relationship between macroscopic scores of entheses and their cortical and trabecular microstructural design. Am J Phys Anthropol 157:81\u201393","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"key":"371_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.12.023","volume":"50","author":"B Bouvard","year":"2012","unstructured":"Bouvard B, Mabilleau G, Legrand E, Audran M, Chappard D (2012) Micro and macroarchitectural changes at the tibia after botulinum toxin injection in the growing rat. Bone 50:858\u2013864","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"371_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.10.025","volume":"46","author":"SL Poliachik","year":"2010","unstructured":"Poliachik SL, Bain SD, Threet D, Huber P, Gross TS (2010) Transient muscle paralysis disrupts bone homeostasis by rapid degradation of bone morphology. Bone 46:18\u201323","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"371_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-010-9428-2","volume":"87","author":"SL Manske","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manske SL, Boyd SK, Zernicke RF (2010) Muscle changes can account for bone loss after botulinum toxin injection. Calcif Tissue Int 87:541\u2013549","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"371_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2009.10.016","volume":"46","author":"SL Manske","year":"2010","unstructured":"Manske SL, Boyd SK, Zernicke RF (2010) Muscle and bone follow similar temporal patterns of recovery from muscle-induced disuse due to botulinum toxin injection. Bone 46:24\u201331","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"371_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-012-9576-7","volume":"90","author":"JS Thomsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thomsen JS, Christensen LL, Vegger JB, Nyengaard JR, Br\u00fcel A (2012) Loss of bone strength is dependent on skeletal site in disuse osteoporosis in rats. Calcif Tissue Int 90:294\u2013306","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"371_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasi.2016.04.002","volume":"65","author":"D Chappard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Chappard D, Libouban H (2016) Vector analysis of porosity evidences bone loss at the epiphysis in the BTX rat model of disuse osteoporosis. J Anat Soc Ind 65:3\u20138","journal-title":"J Anat Soc Ind"},{"key":"371_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20130098","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20130098","volume":"43","author":"GA Renders","year":"2014","unstructured":"Renders GA, Mulder L, Lin AS, Langenbach GE, Koolstra JH, Guldberg RE, Everts V (2014) Contrast-enhanced microCT (EPIC-\u00b5CT) ex vivo applied to the mouse and human jaw joint. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 43:20130098","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"371_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-411619-1.00007-0","volume":"537","author":"EL Scheller","year":"2014","unstructured":"Scheller EL, Troiano N, VanHoutan JN, Bouxsein MA, Fretz JA, Xi Y, Nelson T, Katz G, Berry R, Church CD (2014) Use of osmium tetroxide staining with microcomputerized tomography to visualize and quantify bone marrow adipose tissue in vivo. Methods Enzymol 537:123\u2013139","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"key":"371_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Metscher BD (2009) MicroCT for comparative morphology: simple staining methods allow high-contrast 3D imaging of diverse non-mineralized animal tissues. BMC Physiol. 9: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1472-6793-1189-1111","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6793-1189-1111"},{"key":"371_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.12013","volume":"250","author":"E Pauwels","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pauwels E, Van Loo D, Cornillie P, Brabant L, Van Hoorebeke L (2013) An exploratory study of contrast agents for soft tissue visualization by means of high resolution X-ray computed tomography imaging. J Microsc 250:21\u201331","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"371_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2005.08.009","volume":"38","author":"SE Warner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Warner SE, Sanford DA, Becker BA, Bain SD, Srinivasan S, Gross TS (2006) Botox induced muscle paralysis rapidly degrades bone. Bone 38:257\u2013264","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"371_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/jmi.12159","volume":"256","author":"S Tassani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tassani S, Korfiatis V, Matsopoulos G (2014) Influence of segmentation on micro-CT images of trabecular bone. J Microsc 256:75\u201381","journal-title":"J Microsc"},{"key":"371_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.141","volume":"25","author":"ML Bouxsein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bouxsein ML, Boyd SK, Christiansen BA, Guldberg RE, Jepsen KJ, Muller R (2010) Guidelines for assessment of bone microstructure in rodents using micro-computed tomography. J Bone Miner Res 25:1468\u20131486","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"371_CR31","first-page":"355","volume":"16","author":"JB Vegger","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vegger JB, Bruel A, Dahlgaard AF, Thomsen JS (2016) Alterations in gene expression precede sarcopenia and osteopenia in botulinum toxin immobilized mice. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 16:355\u2013368","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"371_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.08.027","volume":"44","author":"NS Jeffery","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jeffery NS, Stephenson RS, Gallagher JA, Jarvis JC, Cox PG (2011) Micro-computed tomography with iodine staining resolves the arrangement of muscle fibres. J Biomech 44:189\u2013192","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"371_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1186\/1472-6793-9-11","volume":"9","author":"BD Metscher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Metscher BD (2009) MicroCT for comparative morphology: simple staining methods allow high-contrast 3D imaging of diverse non-mineralized animal tissues. BMC Physiol 9:11","journal-title":"BMC Physiol"},{"key":"371_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12068","volume":"223","author":"P Vickerton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vickerton P, Jarvis J, Jeffery N (2013) Concentration-dependent specimen shrinkage in iodine-enhanced microCT. J Anat 223:185\u2013193","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"key":"371_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1208","DOI":"10.1017\/S1431927614001329","volume":"20","author":"J Buytaert","year":"2014","unstructured":"Buytaert J, Goyens J, De Greef D, Aerts P, Dirckx J (2014) Volume shrinkage of bone, brain and muscle tissue in sample preparation for micro-CT and light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM). Microsc Microanal 20:1208\u20131217","journal-title":"Microsc Microanal"},{"key":"371_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2011.07.104","volume":"194","author":"J Oliva","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oliva J, De Pablo J, Cortina J-L, Cama J, Ayora C (2011) Removal of cadmium, copper, nickel, cobalt and mercury from water by Apatite II\u2122: column experiments. J Hazard Mater 194:312\u2013323","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater"},{"key":"371_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2007.11.016","volume":"41","author":"M Yaraskavitch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yaraskavitch M, Leonard T, Herzog W (2008) Botox produces functional weakness in non-injected muscles adjacent to the target muscle. J Biomech 41:897\u2013902","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"371_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2010.08.020","volume":"44","author":"R Fortuna","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fortuna R, Vaz MA, Youssef AR, Longino D, Herzog W (2011) Changes in contractile properties of muscles receiving repeat injections of botulinum toxin (Botox). J Biomech 44:39\u201344","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"371_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-006-0197-8","volume":"18","author":"S Blouin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blouin S, Gallois Y, Moreau MF, Basl\u00e9 MF, Chappard D (2007) Disuse and orchidectomy have additional effects on bone loss in the aged male rat. Osteoporos Int 18:85\u201392","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"371_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micron.2007.09.006","volume":"39","author":"H Libouban","year":"2008","unstructured":"Libouban H, Blouin S, Moreau MF, Basl\u00e9 MF, Audran M, Chappard D (2008) Effects of risedronate in a rat model of osteopenia due to orchidectomy and disuse: densitometric, histomorphometric and microtomographic studies. Micron 39:998\u20131007","journal-title":"Micron"},{"key":"371_CR41","first-page":"42","volume":"15","author":"G Mabilleau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Mabilleau G, Mieczkowska A, Libouban H, Simon Y, Audran M, Chappard D (2015) Comparison between quantitative X-ray imaging, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry and microCT in the assessment of bone mineral density in disuse-induced bone loss. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 15:42\u201352","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"371_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1402.009","volume":"1116","author":"SK Grimston","year":"2007","unstructured":"Grimston SK, Silva MJ, Civitelli R (2007) Bone loss after temporarily induced muscle paralysis by Botox is not fully recovered after 12 weeks. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1116:444\u2013460","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"371_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2011.11.015","volume":"50","author":"KL Rafferty","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rafferty KL, Liu ZJ, Ye W, Navarrete AL, Nguyen TT, Salamati A, Herring SW (2012) Botulinum toxin in masticatory muscles: short-and long-term effects on muscle, bone, and craniofacial function in adult rabbits. Bone 50:651\u2013662","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"371_CR44","first-page":"264","volume":"6","author":"F Rauch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rauch F, Hamdy R (2006) Effect of a single botulinum toxin injection on bone development in growing rabbits. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 6:264","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"},{"key":"371_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2015.03.023","volume":"77","author":"JD K\u00fcn-Darbois","year":"2015","unstructured":"K\u00fcn-Darbois JD, Libouban H, Chappard D (2015) Botulinum toxin in masticatory muscles of the adult rat induces bone loss at the condyle and alveolar regions of the mandible associated with a bone proliferation at a muscle enthesis. Bone 77:75\u201382","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"371_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1631\/jzus.B1400192","volume":"16","author":"C Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park C, Park K, Kim J (2015) Growth effects of botulinum toxin type A injected unilaterally into the masseter muscle of developing rats. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 16:46\u201351","journal-title":"J Zhejiang Univ Sci B"},{"key":"371_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2016.07.005","volume":"91","author":"FL Bach-Gansmo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bach-Gansmo FL, Wittig NK, Br\u00fcel A, Thomsen JS, Birkedal H (2016) Immobilization and long-term recovery results in large changes in bone structure and strength but no corresponding alterations of osteocyte lacunar properties. Bone 91:139\u2013147","journal-title":"Bone"},{"key":"371_CR48","first-page":"27","volume":"13","author":"H Marchand-Libouban","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marchand-Libouban H, Le Drevo MA, Chappard D (2013) Disuse induced by botulinum toxin affects the bone marrow expression profile of bone genes leading to a rapid bone loss. J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact 13:27\u201336","journal-title":"J Musculoskelet Neuronal Interact"}],"container-title":["Calcified Tissue International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00223-017-0371-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00223-017-0371-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00223-017-0371-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,10]],"date-time":"2022-08-10T02:04:46Z","timestamp":1660097086000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00223-017-0371-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,6]]}},"alternative-id":["371"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-017-0371-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0171-967X","1432-0827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0171-967X","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-0827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,12,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 June 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 November 2017","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 December 2017","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"H\u00e9l\u00e8ne Libouban, Claude Guintard, Nicolas Minier, Eric Aguado and Daniel Chappard declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Animal care and experimental protocols were approved by the French Ministry of Research and were done in accordance with the institutional guidelines of the French Ethical Committee (protocol agreement number 01732.01) and under the supervision of authorized investigators.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent"}}]}}