{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T14:10:54Z","timestamp":1790345454616,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641772800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81671652"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81671652"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Calcif Tissue Int"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-022-00944-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]],"date-time":"2022-01-10T14:02:48Z","timestamp":1641823368000},"page":"666-673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Correlation Between Bone Mineral Density (BMD) and Paraspinal Muscle Fat Infiltration Based on QCT: A Cross-Sectional Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"Xiangwen","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxue","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongyue","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"944_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001848","volume":"42","author":"B Shahidi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shahidi B, Parra CL, Berry DB, Hubbard JC, Gombatto S, Zlomislic V, Allen RT, Hughes-Austin J, Garfin S, Ward SR (2017) Contribution of lumbar spine pathology and age to paraspinal muscle size and fatty infiltration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 42:616\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/BRS.0000000000001848","journal-title":"Spine (Phila Pa 1976)"},{"key":"944_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2664","DOI":"10.1002\/jor.24029","volume":"36","author":"X Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang X, Wang S, Yan P, Bian Z, Li M, Hou C, Tian J, Zhu L (2018) Paravertebral injection of botulinum toxin-A reduces lumbar vertebral bone quality. J Orthop Res 36:2664\u20132670. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jor.24029","journal-title":"J Orthop Res"},{"key":"944_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm10061187","author":"H Salimi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Salimi H, Ohyama S, Terai H et al (2021) Trunk muscle mass measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis reflecting the cross-sectional area of the paravertebral muscles and back muscle strength: a cross-sectional analysis of a prospective cohort study of elderly population. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm10061187","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"944_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-00866-6","volume":"16","author":"H Habibi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Habibi H, Takahashi S, Hoshino M et al (2021) Impact of paravertebral muscle in thoracolumbar and lower lumbar regions on outcomes following osteoporotic vertebral fracture: a multicenter cohort study. Arch Osteoporos 16:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11657-020-00866-6","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"944_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13187","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13187","volume":"22","author":"A Gandham","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gandham A, Mesinovic J, Jansons P, Zengin A, Bonham MP, Ebeling PR, Scott D (2021) Falls, fractures, and areal bone mineral density in older adults with sarcopenic obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 22:e13187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/obr.13187","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"944_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22105256","author":"YH Lin","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lin YH, Shih YT, Teng MMH (2021) The impact of the \u201cOsteo\u201d component of osteosarcopenia on fragility fractures in post-menopausal women. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22105256","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"944_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-020-00835-z","volume":"15","author":"D Dai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dai D, Xu F, Sun R, Yuan L, Sheng Z, Xie Z (2020) Decreased lower-extremity muscle performance is associated with decreased hip bone mineral density and increased estimated fracture risk in community-dwelling postmenopausal women. Arch Osteoporos 15:173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11657-020-00835-z","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"944_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-018-4795-z","volume":"30","author":"A Elhakeem","year":"2019","unstructured":"Elhakeem A, Hartley A, Luo Y, Goertzen AL, Hannam K, Clark EM, Leslie WD, Tobias JH (2019) Lean mass and lower limb muscle function in relation to hip strength, geometry and fracture risk indices in community-dwelling older women. Osteoporos Int 30:211\u2013220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-018-4795-z","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"944_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.20.22934","volume":"216","author":"HS Seo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Seo HS, Lee H, Kim S, Lee SK, Lee KY, Kim NH, Shin C (2021) Paravertebral muscles as indexes of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity: comparison with imaging and muscle function indexes and impact on cardiovascular and metabolic disorders. AJR Am J Roentgenol 216:1596\u20131606. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2214\/AJR.20.22934","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"944_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05338-8","volume":"31","author":"S Takahashi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Takahashi S, Hoshino M, Takayama K et al (2020) The natural course of the paravertebral muscles after the onset of osteoporotic vertebral fracture. Osteoporos Int 31:1089\u20131095. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-020-05338-8","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"944_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2669","DOI":"10.1113\/JP279595","volume":"598","author":"NK Biltz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Biltz NK, Collins KH, Shen KC, Schwartz K, Harris CA, Meyer GA (2020) Infiltration of intramuscular adipose tissue impairs skeletal muscle contraction. J Physiol 598:2669\u20132683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP279595","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"944_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1062","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2008.627","volume":"17","author":"LE Beasley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beasley LE, Koster A, Newman AB et al (2009) Inflammation and race and gender differences in computerized tomography-measured adipose depots. Obesity (Silver Spring) 17:1062\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/oby.2008.627","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring)"},{"key":"944_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S265826","volume":"15","author":"W Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu W, Wang W, Kong C, Wang Y, Pan F, Lu S (2020) Lumbar muscle fat content has more correlations with living quality than sagittal vertical axis in elderly patients with degenerative lumbar disorders. Clin Interv Aging 15:1717\u20131726. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CIA.S265826","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"944_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110856","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2020.110856","volume":"133","author":"A Dallaway","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dallaway A, Kite C, Griffen C, Duncan M, Tallis J, Renshaw D, Hattersley J (2020) Age-related degeneration of the lumbar paravertebral muscles: systematic review and three-level meta-regression. Exp Gerontol 133:110856. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.exger.2020.110856","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"944_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.26233","volume":"49","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Huang M, Ding J et al (2019) Prediction of abnormal bone density and osteoporosis from lumbar spine MR using modified dixon quant in 257 subjects with quantitative computed tomography as reference. J Magn Reson Imaging 49:390\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmri.26233","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"944_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.30196","volume":"69","author":"KM Loomes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Loomes KM, Spino C, Goodrich NP et al (2019) Bone density in children with chronic liver disease correlates with growth and cholestasis. Hepatology 69:245\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.30196","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"944_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.media.2015.06.001","volume":"24","author":"SP Vaananen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Vaananen SP, Grassi L, Flivik G, Jurvelin JS, Isaksson H (2015) Generation of 3D shape, density, cortical thickness and finite element mesh of proximal femur from a DXA image. Med Image Anal 24:125\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.media.2015.06.001","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"944_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jot.2018.11.003","volume":"18","author":"XM Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu XM, Li N, Li K, Li XY, Zhang P, Xuan YJ, Cheng XG (2019) Discordance in diagnosis of osteoporosis by quantitative computed tomography and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Chinese elderly men. J Orthop Transl 18:59\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jot.2018.11.003","journal-title":"J Orthop Transl"},{"key":"944_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.2063","volume":"29","author":"EW Yu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yu EW, Bouxsein ML, Roy AE, Baldwin C, Cange A, Neer RM, Kaplan LM, Finkelstein JS (2014) Bone loss after bariatric surgery: discordant results between DXA and QCT bone density. J Bone Miner Res 29:542\u2013550. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.2063","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"944_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2017.06.013","volume":"24","author":"SS Mao","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mao SS, Li D, Syed YS, Gao Y, Luo Y, Flores F, Child J, Cervantes M, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Budoff MJ (2017) Thoracic quantitative computed tomography (QCT) can sensitively monitor bone mineral metabolism: comparison of thoracic QCT vs lumbar QCT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in detection of age-relative change in bone mineral density. Acad Radiol 24:1582\u20131587. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.acra.2017.06.013","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"944_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.4187","volume":"36","author":"X Cheng","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cheng X, Zhao K, Zha X et al (2021) Opportunistic screening using low-dose CT and the prevalence of osteoporosis in China: a nationwide, multicenter study. J Bone Miner Res 36:427\u2013435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.4187","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"944_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.3348\/kjr.2018.19.5.923","volume":"19","author":"AH Yu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yu AH, Duan-Mu YY, Zhang Y, Wang L, Guo Z, Yu YQ, Wang YS, Cheng XG (2018) Correlation between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and visceral adipose tissue in non-obese Chinese adults: a CT evaluation. Korean J Radiol 19:923\u2013929. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3348\/kjr.2018.19.5.923","journal-title":"Korean J Radiol"},{"key":"944_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2019190467","volume":"294","author":"Z Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo Z, Blake GM, Li K et al (2020) Liver fat content measurement with quantitative CT validated against MRI proton density fat fraction: a prospective study of 400 healthy volunteers. Radiology 294:89\u201397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2019190467","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"944_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1590","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-19-835","volume":"10","author":"X Peng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peng X, Li X, Xu Z, Wang L, Cai W, Yang S, Liao W, Cheng X (2020) Age-related fatty infiltration of lumbar paraspinal muscles: a normative reference database study in 516 Chinese females. Quant Imaging Med Surg 10:1590\u20131601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/qims-19-835","journal-title":"Quant Imaging Med Surg"},{"key":"944_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1002\/jbmr.5650080915","volume":"8","author":"HK Genant","year":"1993","unstructured":"Genant HK, Wu CY, van Kuijk C, Nevitt MC (1993) Vertebral fracture assessment using a semiquantitative technique. J Bone Miner Res 8:1137\u20131148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jbmr.5650080915","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Res"},{"key":"944_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","volume":"35","author":"CL Craig","year":"2003","unstructured":"Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjostrom M et al (2003) International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:1381\u20131395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"944_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.37.4.378","volume":"37","author":"WW Downie","year":"1978","unstructured":"Downie WW, Leatham PA, Rhind VM, Wright V, Branco JA, Anderson JA (1978) Studies with pain rating scales. Ann Rheum Dis 37:378\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ard.37.4.378","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"944_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001269","volume":"79","author":"HS Jun","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jun HS, Kim JH, Ahn JH et al (2016) The effect of lumbar spinal muscle on spinal sagittal alignment: evaluating muscle quantity and quality. Neurosurgery 79:847\u2013855. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0000000000001269","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"944_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-015-0442-0","volume":"28","author":"M Masaki","year":"2016","unstructured":"Masaki M, Ikezoe T, Fukumoto Y, Minami S, Aoyama J, Ibuki S, Kimura M, Ichihashi N (2016) Association of walking speed with sagittal spinal alignment, muscle thickness, and echo intensity of lumbar back muscles in middle-aged and elderly women. Aging Clin Exp Res 28:429\u2013434. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40520-015-0442-0","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"944_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-015-3241-8","volume":"27","author":"H He","year":"2016","unstructured":"He H, Liu Y, Tian Q, Papasian CJ, Hu T, Deng HW (2016) Relationship of sarcopenia and body composition with osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 27:473\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-015-3241-8","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"944_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3823-0","volume":"28","author":"N Yoshimura","year":"2017","unstructured":"Yoshimura N, Muraki S, Oka H, Iidaka T, Kodama R, Kawaguchi H, Nakamura K, Tanaka S, Akune T (2017) Is osteoporosis a predictor for future sarcopenia or vice versa? Four-year observations between the second and third ROAD study surveys. Osteoporos Int 28:189\u2013199. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-016-3823-0","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"944_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.3340\/jkns.2016.59.5.430","volume":"59","author":"TG Cho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cho TG, Park SW, Kim YB (2016) Chronic paraspinal muscle injury model in rat. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 59:430\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3340\/jkns.2016.59.5.430","journal-title":"J Korean Neurosurg Soc"},{"key":"944_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1007\/s11657-019-0639-5","volume":"14","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Huang M, Serrano Sosa M et al (2019) Fatty infiltration of paraspinal muscles is associated with bone mineral density of the lumbar spine. Arch Osteoporos 14:99. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11657-019-0639-5","journal-title":"Arch Osteoporos"},{"key":"944_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9290(00)00118-4","volume":"33","author":"J Cholewicki","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cholewicki J, Simons AP, Radebold A (2000) Effects of external trunk loads on lumbar spine stability. J Biomech 33:1377\u20131385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0021-9290(00)00118-4","journal-title":"J Biomech"},{"key":"944_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2018.00563","volume":"9","author":"N Sollmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sollmann N, Dieckmeyer M, Schlaeger S et al (2018) Associations between lumbar vertebral bone marrow and paraspinal muscle fat compositions-an investigation by chemical shift encoding-based water-fat MRI. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 9:563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fendo.2018.00563","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"key":"944_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2363041425","volume":"236","author":"JF Griffith","year":"2005","unstructured":"Griffith JF, Yeung DK, Antonio GE, Lee FK, Hong AW, Wong SY, Lau EM, Leung PC (2005) Vertebral bone mineral density, marrow perfusion, and fat content in healthy men and men with osteoporosis: dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and MR spectroscopy. Radiology 236:945\u2013951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2363041425","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"944_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-3634","volume":"98","author":"PK Fazeli","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fazeli PK, Horowitz MC, MacDougald OA, Scheller EL, Rodeheffer MS, Rosen CJ, Klibanski A (2013) Marrow fat and bone\u2013new perspectives. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:935\u2013945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2012-3634","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"944_CR38","first-page":"111","volume":"49","author":"T Cederholm","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cederholm T, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Maggi S (2013) Sarcopenia and fragility fractures. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 49:111\u2013117","journal-title":"Eur J Phys Rehabil Med"},{"key":"944_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0080-8","volume":"4","author":"B Buehring","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buehring B, Krueger D, Binkley N (2013) Effect of including historical height and radius BMD measurement on sarco-osteoporosis prevalence. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 4:47\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s13539-012-0080-8","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"944_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.11005\/jbm.2013.20.2.75","volume":"20","author":"JY Kim","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kim JY, Chae SU, Kim GD, Cha MS (2013) Changes of paraspinal muscles in postmenopausal osteoporotic spinal compression fractures: magnetic resonance imaging study. J Bone Metab 20:75\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11005\/jbm.2013.20.2.75","journal-title":"J Bone Metab"},{"key":"944_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.07.020","author":"I Jeon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeon I, Kim SW, Yu D (2021) Paraspinal muscle fatty degeneration as a predictor of progressive vertebral collapse in osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. Spine J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.spinee.2021.07.020","journal-title":"Spine J"},{"key":"944_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001119","volume":"49","author":"JR Dahlqvist","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dahlqvist JR, Vissing CR, Hedermann G, Thomsen C, Vissing J (2017) Fat replacement of paraspinal muscles with aging in healthy adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 49:595\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/MSS.0000000000001119","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"944_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1583","DOI":"10.1080\/13685538.2021.1878130","volume":"23","author":"A Dallaway","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dallaway A, Hattersley J, Diokno M, Tallis J, Renshaw D, Wilson A, Wayte S, Weedall A, Duncan M (2020) Age-related degeneration of lumbar muscle morphology in healthy younger versus older men. Aging Male 23:1583\u20131597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13685538.2021.1878130","journal-title":"Aging Male"},{"key":"944_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1741-7015-5-2","volume":"5","author":"P Kjaer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kjaer P, Bendix T, Sorensen JS, Korsholm L, Leboeuf-Yde C (2007) Are MRI-defined fat infiltrations in the multifidus muscles associated with low back pain? BMC Med 5:2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1741-7015-5-2","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"944_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1452","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-016-4503-7","volume":"25","author":"M Fortin","year":"2016","unstructured":"Fortin M, Lazary A, Varga PP, McCall I, Battie MC (2016) Paraspinal muscle asymmetry and fat infiltration in patients with symptomatic disc herniation. Eur Spine J 25:1452\u20131459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00586-016-4503-7","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"944_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"786","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2403050820","volume":"240","author":"B Mengiardi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mengiardi B, Schmid MR, Boos N, Pfirrmann CW, Brunner F, Elfering A, Hodler J (2006) Fat content of lumbar paraspinal muscles in patients with chronic low back pain and in asymptomatic volunteers: quantification with MR spectroscopy. Radiology 240:786\u2013792. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1148\/radiol.2403050820","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"key":"944_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.02.008","volume":"102","author":"JM Sions","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sions JM, Beisheim EH, Hoggarth MA, Elliott JM, Hicks GE, Pohlig RT, Seth M (2021) Trunk muscle characteristics: differences between sedentary adults with and without unilateral lower limb amputation. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 102:1331\u20131339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apmr.2021.02.008","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil"},{"key":"944_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-015-0629-y","volume":"17","author":"AJ Teichtahl","year":"2015","unstructured":"Teichtahl AJ, Urquhart DM, Wang Y, Wluka AE, O\u2019Sullivan R, Jones G, Cicuttini FM (2015) Physical inactivity is associated with narrower lumbar intervertebral discs, high fat content of paraspinal muscles and low back pain and disability. Arthritis Res Ther 17:114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13075-015-0629-y","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"}],"container-title":["Calcified Tissue International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00223-022-00944-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00223-022-00944-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00223-022-00944-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,15]],"date-time":"2022-05-15T15:03:44Z","timestamp":1652627024000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00223-022-00944-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]}},"alternative-id":["944"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-022-00944-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 July 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 January 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Xiangwen Li, Yuxue Xie, Yuyang Zhang, Rong Lu, Hongyue Tao and Shuang Chen declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The prospective study was approved by the ethics committee of our institution. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data Availability"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code Availability"}},{"value":"This study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in the 1964 declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights"}},{"value":"All participants provided written informed consents prior to survey enrollment.","order":7,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}