{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T23:55:27Z","timestamp":1793404527626,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654300800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1654300800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Calcif Tissue Int"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two decades after the discovery of the hormone FGF23, we know more about phosphate homeostasis as it turned out that FGF23 is the central hormone that regulates this. Hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets and tumor-induced osteomalacia could by then be explained, by autonomous FGF23 production, and the nephrology field was excited by this new marker as it turned out to be independently associated with mortality in people treated by hemodialysis. This led to the development of several immunoassays to be able to measure FGF23 in blood. In the past years we learned that FGF23 is a rather stable peptide, the precision of the assays is acceptable but assays are not standardized and therefore not comparable. This means that reference values and cutoff values need to be assay specific. For several assays reference values have been established and gender and age did not seem of high importance. The phosphate content of the diet, which can be culturally dependent, however, should be taken into account when interpreting results, but to what extent is not totally clear. Currently, clinical application of the immunoassays is established in the diagnosis of hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets and diagnosis and follow-up of tumor-induced osteomalacia. Definite conclusions on the usefulness of the FGF23 measurement in people with CKD either as a marker for risk prediction or a as target for treatment remains to be determined. The latter applications would require dedicated prospective clinical trials, which may take years, before providing answers. To improve the standardization of the FGF23 assays and to shed light on the biological functions that fragments might have we might aim for an LC\u2013MS\/MS-based method to quantify both intact and fragmented FGF23. In this literature review we will summarize the current knowledge on the physiological role of FGF23, its quantification, and the clinical usefulness of its determination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-022-00987-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]],"date-time":"2022-06-04T07:02:30Z","timestamp":1654326150000},"page":"258-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["The Measurement and Interpretation of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23) Concentrations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6712-9955","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annemieke C.","family":"Heijboer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Etienne","family":"Cavalier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"987_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.2000.3696","volume":"277","author":"T Yamashita","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yamashita T, Yoshioka M, Itoh N (2000) Identification of a novel fibroblast growth factor, FGF-23, preferentially expressed in the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus of the brain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 277(2):494\u2013498","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"11","key":"987_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6500","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.101545198","volume":"98","author":"T Shimada","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shimada T et al (2001) Cloning and characterization of FGF23 as a causative factor of tumor-induced osteomalacia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(11):6500\u20136505","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"39","key":"987_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37419","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M304544200","volume":"278","author":"S Liu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Liu S et al (2003) Regulation of fibroblastic growth factor 23 expression but not degradation by PHEX. J Biol Chem 278(39):37419\u201337426","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"987_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI18399","volume":"112","author":"M Riminucci","year":"2003","unstructured":"Riminucci M et al (2003) FGF-23 in fibrous dysplasia of bone and its relationship to renal phosphate wasting. J Clin Investig 112(5):683\u2013692","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"2","key":"987_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2004.04.002","volume":"35","author":"A Benet-Pages","year":"2004","unstructured":"Benet-Pages A et al (2004) FGF23 is processed by proprotein convertases but not by PHEX. Bone 35(2):455\u2013462","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"8","key":"987_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3179","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.143.8.8795","volume":"143","author":"T Shimada","year":"2002","unstructured":"Shimada T et al (2002) Mutant FGF-23 responsible for autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets is resistant to proteolytic cleavage and causes hypophosphatemia in vivo. Endocrinology 143(8):3179\u20133182","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"987_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.2001.00064.x","volume":"60","author":"KE White","year":"2001","unstructured":"White KE et al (2001) Autosomal-dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR) mutations stabilize FGF-23. Kidney Int 60(6):2079\u20132086","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"987_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/s41589-019-0444-x","volume":"16","author":"M de Las Rivas","year":"2020","unstructured":"de Las Rivas M et al (2020) Molecular basis for fibroblast growth factor 23 O-glycosylation by GalNAc-T3. Nat Chem Biol 16(3):351\u2013360","journal-title":"Nat Chem Biol"},{"issue":"15","key":"987_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5520","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1402218111","volume":"111","author":"VS Tagliabracci","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tagliabracci VS et al (2014) Dynamic regulation of FGF23 by Fam20C phosphorylation, GalNAc-T3 glycosylation, and furin proteolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111(15):5520\u20135525","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"17","key":"987_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4195","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174195","volume":"20","author":"B Czaya","year":"2019","unstructured":"Czaya B, Faul C (2019) The role of fibroblast growth factor 23 in inflammation and anemia. Int J Mol Sci 20(17):4195","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"987_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2006-2865","volume":"92","author":"A Khosravi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Khosravi A et al (2007) Determination of the elimination half-life of fibroblast growth factor-23. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 92(6):2374\u20132377","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"4","key":"987_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200419081","volume":"113","author":"T Shimada","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shimada T et al (2004) Targeted ablation of Fgf23 demonstrates an essential physiological role of FGF23 in phosphate and vitamin D metabolism. J Clin Investig 113(4):561\u2013568","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"6","key":"987_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1339","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00260.2009","volume":"297","author":"J Blaine","year":"2009","unstructured":"Blaine J et al (2009) PTH-induced internalization of apical membrane NaPi2a: role of actin and myosin VI. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297(6):C1339\u2013C1346","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"987_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.146","volume":"80","author":"P Ure\u00f1a Torres","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ure\u00f1a Torres P, Brauwere DP (2011) Three feedback loops precisely regulating serum phosphate concentration. Kidney Int 80:443\u2013445","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"987_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2013.147","volume":"9","author":"J Silver","year":"2013","unstructured":"Silver J, Naveh-Many T (2013) FGF-23 and secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 9(11):641\u2013649","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"987_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2005.01.033","volume":"328","author":"T Jaaskelainen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jaaskelainen T, Huhtakangas J, Maenpaa PH (2005) Negative regulation of human parathyroid hormone gene promoter by vitamin D3 through nuclear factor Y. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 328(4):831\u2013837","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"3\u20135","key":"987_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsbmb.2006.12.054","volume":"103","author":"TK Barthel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barthel TK et al (2007) 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3\/VDR-mediated induction of FGF23 as well as transcriptional control of other bone anabolic and catabolic genes that orchestrate the regulation of phosphate and calcium mineral metabolism. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 103(3\u20135):381\u2013388","journal-title":"J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"987_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2014.215","volume":"86","author":"T Meir","year":"2014","unstructured":"Meir T et al (2014) Parathyroid hormone activates the orphan nuclear receptor Nurr1 to induce FGF23 transcription. Kidney Int 86(6):1106\u20131115","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"987_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2009.02.001","volume":"20","author":"S Fukumoto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fukumoto S, Martin TJ (2009) Bone as an endocrine organ. Trends Endocrinol Metab 20(5):230\u2013236","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"987_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00293","volume":"11","author":"AM Boyce","year":"2020","unstructured":"Boyce AM et al (2020) Hyperphosphatemic tumoral calcinosis: pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and challenges in management. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 11:293","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"12","key":"987_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.47","volume":"79","author":"T Isakova","year":"2011","unstructured":"Isakova T et al (2011) Fibroblast growth factor 23 is elevated before parathyroid hormone and phosphate in chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 79(12):1370\u20131378","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"987_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.03.013","volume":"505","author":"MG Vervloet","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vervloet MG (2020) FGF23 measurement in chronic kidney disease: what is it really reflecting? Clin Chim Acta 505:160\u2013166","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"987_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86301","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086301","volume":"9","author":"H Sakan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sakan H et al (2014) Reduced renal alpha-Klotho expression in CKD patients and its effect on renal phosphate handling and vitamin D metabolism. PLoS ONE 9(1):e86301","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"7","key":"987_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2011.461","volume":"81","author":"GH Young","year":"2012","unstructured":"Young GH, Wu VC (2012) KLOTHO methylation is linked to uremic toxins and chronic kidney disease. Kidney Int 81(7):611\u2013612","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"987_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI46122","volume":"121","author":"C Faul","year":"2011","unstructured":"Faul C et al (2011) FGF23 induces left ventricular hypertrophy. J Clin Investig 121(11):4393\u20134408","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"issue":"3","key":"987_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-020-00715-2","volume":"33","author":"A Bouma-de Krijger","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bouma-de Krijger A, Vervloet MG (2020) Fibroblast growth factor 23: are we ready to use it in clinical practice? J Nephrol 33(3):509\u2013527","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"10","key":"987_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1971","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0208","volume":"51","author":"ER Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith ER, McMahon LP, Holt SG (2013) Method-specific differences in plasma fibroblast growth factor 23 measurement using four commercial ELISAs. Clin Chem Lab Med 51(10):1971\u20131981","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"987_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-013-0451-x","volume":"45","author":"MD Sinha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sinha MD, Turner C, Goldsmith DJ (2013) FGF23 concentrations measured using \u201cintact\u201d assays similar but not interchangeable. Int Urol Nephrol 45(6):1821\u20131823","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"987_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-2105","volume":"91","author":"EA Imel","year":"2006","unstructured":"Imel EA et al (2006) Sensitivity of fibroblast growth factor 23 measurements in tumor-induced osteomalacia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91(6):2055\u20132061","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"987_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1080\/00365513.2018.1526411","volume":"78","author":"J van Helden","year":"2018","unstructured":"van Helden J, Weiskirchen R (2018) Technical and diagnostic performance of a new fully automated immunoassay for the determination of intact fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23). Scand J Clin Lab Investig 78(7\u20138):584\u2013590","journal-title":"Scand J Clin Lab Investig"},{"issue":"5","key":"987_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-017-0307-y","volume":"101","author":"JC Souberbielle","year":"2017","unstructured":"Souberbielle JC et al (2017) Evaluation of a new fully automated assay for plasma intact FGF23. Calcif Tissue Int 101(5):510\u2013518","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"key":"987_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-021-01258-7","volume":"40","author":"H Kato","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kato H et al (2021) Performance evaluation of the new chemiluminescent intact FGF23 assay relative to the existing assay system. J Bone Miner Metab 40:101","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"987_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-011-0306-4","volume":"30","author":"Y Shimizu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shimizu Y, Fukumoto S, Fujita T (2012) Evaluation of a new automated chemiluminescence immunoassay for FGF23. J Bone Miner Metab 30(2):217\u2013221","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"issue":"11","key":"987_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e267","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2020-0460","volume":"58","author":"ML Piketty","year":"2020","unstructured":"Piketty ML et al (2020) FGF23 measurement in burosumab-treated patients: an emerging treatment may induce a new analytical interference. Clin Chem Lab Med 58(11):e267\u2013e269","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"issue":"Pt 4","key":"987_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2009.009066","volume":"46","author":"AC Heijboer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Heijboer AC et al (2009) Determination of fibroblast growth factor 23. Ann Clin Biochem 46(Pt 4):338\u2013340","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"7","key":"987_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-016-3543-5","volume":"27","author":"D El-Maouche","year":"2016","unstructured":"El-Maouche D et al (2016) Stability and degradation of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23): the effect of time and temperature and assay type. Osteoporos Int 27(7):2345\u20132353","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"key":"987_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2019.03.002","volume":"66","author":"C Fauconnier","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fauconnier C et al (2019) FGF23: Clinical usefulness and analytical evolution. Clin Biochem 66:1\u201312","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"987_CR38","first-page":"144","volume":"55","author":"WJ Fassbender","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fassbender WJ et al (2009) Evaluation of human fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) C-terminal and intact enzyme-linked immunosorbent-assays in end-stage renal disease patients. Clin Lab 55(3\u20134):144\u2013152","journal-title":"Clin Lab"},{"issue":"1","key":"987_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-018-1127-7","volume":"19","author":"MJ Damasiewicz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Damasiewicz MJ et al (2018) The stability and variability of serum and plasma fibroblast growth factor-23 levels in a haemodialysis cohort. BMC Nephrol 19(1):325","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"key":"987_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2019.02.032","volume":"493","author":"NF Dirks","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dirks NF et al (2019) Pre-analytical stability of FGF23 with the contemporary immunoassays. Clin Chim Acta 493:104\u2013106","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"987_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2011.02.009","volume":"412","author":"ER Smith","year":"2011","unstructured":"Smith ER et al (2011) Instability of fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23): implications for clinical studies. Clin Chim Acta 412(11\u201312):1008\u20131011","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"1","key":"987_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1089\/bio.2020.0073","volume":"19","author":"R Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang R et al (2021) The effects of storage time and repeated freeze-thaw cycles on intact fibroblast growth factor 23 levels. Biopreserv Biobank 19(1):48\u201352","journal-title":"Biopreserv Biobank"},{"issue":"6","key":"987_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1373\/jalm.2016.022467","volume":"1","author":"S Cui","year":"2017","unstructured":"Cui S et al (2017) Stability of fibroblast growth factor 23 in human plasma. J Appl Lab Med 1(6):729\u2013734","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"987_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3357","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2012-1811","volume":"97","author":"ER Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith ER et al (2012) Biological variability of plasma intact and C-terminal FGF23 measurements. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97(9):3357\u20133365","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"987_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.04730510","volume":"6","author":"MG Vervloet","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vervloet MG et al (2011) Effects of dietary phosphate and calcium intake on fibroblast growth factor-23. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 6(2):383\u2013389","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"987_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3205","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-017-4162-5","volume":"28","author":"C Swanson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Swanson C et al (2017) 24-hour profile of serum sclerostin and its association with bone biomarkers in men. Osteoporos Int 28(11):3205\u20133213","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"11","key":"987_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfy005","volume":"33","author":"WC Tsai","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tsai WC et al (2018) Effects of lower versus higher phosphate diets on fibroblast growth factor-23 levels in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 33(11):1977\u20131983","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"987_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1053\/j.jrn.2020.02.004","volume":"30","author":"S Anand","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anand S et al (2020) Fibroblast growth factor-23 and a vegetarian diet. J Ren Nutr 30(6):503\u2013508","journal-title":"J Ren Nutr"},{"issue":"4","key":"987_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu342","volume":"30","author":"K Eckberg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eckberg K et al (2015) Impact of westernization on fibroblast growth factor 23 levels among individuals of African ancestry. Nephrol Dial Transplant 30(4):630\u2013635","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"987_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1177\/0004563219826161","volume":"56","author":"A Jabor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jabor A et al (2019) Biological variation of intact fibroblast growth factor 23 measured on a fully automated chemiluminescent platform. Ann Clin Biochem 56(3):381\u2013386","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"8","key":"987_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-020-05362-8","volume":"31","author":"E Cavalier","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cavalier E et al (2020) European Biological Variation Study (EuBIVAS): within- and between-subject biological variation estimates of beta-isomerized C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (beta-CTX), N-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (PINP), osteocalcin, intact fibroblast growth factor 23 and uncarboxylated-unphosphorylated matrix-Gla protein-a cooperation between the EFLM Working Group on Biological Variation and the International Osteoporosis Foundation-International Federation of Clinical Chemistry Committee on Bone Metabolism. Osteoporos Int 31(8):1461\u20131470","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"987_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2012.12.013","volume":"61","author":"E Cavalier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cavalier E, Delanaye P, Moranne O (2013) Variability of new bone mineral metabolism markers in patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis: implications for clinical decision making. Am J Kidney Dis 61(5):847\u2013848","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"987_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4957","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2002-021105","volume":"87","author":"Y Yamazaki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Yamazaki Y et al (2002) Increased circulatory level of biologically active full-length FGF-23 in patients with hypophosphatemic rickets\/osteomalacia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 87(11):4957\u20134960","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"Pt 6","key":"987_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1258\/acb.2012.011274","volume":"49","author":"DC Fischer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fischer DC et al (2012) Paediatric reference values for the C-terminal fragment of fibroblast-growth factor-23, sclerostin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and isoform 5b of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Ann Clin Biochem 49(Pt 6):546\u2013553","journal-title":"Ann Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"1","key":"987_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1515\/med-2021-0288","volume":"16","author":"M Stanczyk","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stanczyk M et al (2021) Serum intact fibroblast growth factor 23 in healthy paediatric population. Open Med (Wars) 16(1):1022\u20131027","journal-title":"Open Med (Wars)"},{"issue":"4","key":"987_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/jalm\/jfaa026","volume":"5","author":"I Jialal","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jialal I (2020) Validation of fibroblast growth factor 23 assays. J Appl Lab Med 5(4):819\u2013821","journal-title":"J Appl Lab Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"987_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2008.02.014","volume":"42","author":"I Endo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Endo I et al (2008) Clinical usefulness of measurement of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in hypophosphatemic patients: proposal of diagnostic criteria using FGF23 measurement. Bone 42(6):1235\u20131239","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"5","key":"987_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-015-0698-7","volume":"33","author":"S Fukumoto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fukumoto S et al (2015) Pathogenesis and diagnostic criteria for rickets and osteomalacia\u2013proposal by an expert panel supported by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Japan, the Japanese Society for Bone and Mineral Research, and the Japan Endocrine Society. J Bone Miner Metab 33(5):467\u2013473","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"987_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1007\/s00774-021-01250-1","volume":"39","author":"N Ito","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ito N et al (2021) Clinical performance of a novel chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay for FGF23. J Bone Miner Metab 39:1066","journal-title":"J Bone Miner Metab"},{"key":"987_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bone.2018.06.011","volume":"114","author":"MC Vlot","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vlot MC et al (2018) Clinical utility of bone markers in various diseases. Bone 114:215\u2013225","journal-title":"Bone"},{"issue":"7","key":"987_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-019-0152-5","volume":"15","author":"D Haffner","year":"2019","unstructured":"Haffner D et al (2019) Clinical practice recommendations for the diagnosis and management of X-linked hypophosphataemia. Nat Rev Nephrol 15(7):435\u2013455","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"987_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641543","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2021.641543","volume":"12","author":"MR Laurent","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laurent MR et al (2021) Consensus Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of X-linked hypophosphatemia in Belgium. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 12:641543","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"1","key":"987_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-020-00691-6","volume":"108","author":"P Florenzano","year":"2021","unstructured":"Florenzano P et al (2021) Tumor-induced osteomalacia. Calcif Tissue Int 108(1):128\u2013142","journal-title":"Calcif Tissue Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"987_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"584","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0706130","volume":"359","author":"OM Gutierrez","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gutierrez OM et al (2008) Fibroblast growth factor 23 and mortality among patients undergoing hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 359(6):584\u2013592","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"987_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017070772","volume":"29","author":"T Isakova","year":"2018","unstructured":"Isakova T et al (2018) Longitudinal FGF23 trajectories and mortality in patients with CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol 29(2):579\u2013590","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"987_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.04.045","volume":"100","author":"H Komaba","year":"2021","unstructured":"Komaba H, Fukagawa M (2021) Jury still out on whether FGF23 is a direct contributor, a useful biomarker, or neither. Kidney Int 100(5):989\u2013993","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"5","key":"987_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.06.043","volume":"100","author":"M Vervloet","year":"2021","unstructured":"Vervloet M (2021) Fibroblast growth factor 23, the time is right for a second wind. Kidney Int 100(5):986\u2013989","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"987_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0902006107","volume":"107","author":"R Goetz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goetz R et al (2010) Isolated C-terminal tail of FGF23 alleviates hypophosphatemia by inhibiting FGF23-FGFR-Klotho complex formation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107(1):407\u2013412","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"6","key":"987_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1089\/met.2010.0030","volume":"8","author":"S Devaraj","year":"2010","unstructured":"Devaraj S, Duncan-Staley C, Jialal I (2010) Evaluation of a method for fibroblast growth factor-23: a novel biomarker of adverse outcomes in patients with renal disease. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 8(6):477\u2013482","journal-title":"Metab Syndr Relat Disord"}],"container-title":["Calcified Tissue International"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00223-022-00987-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00223-022-00987-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00223-022-00987-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T19:50:02Z","timestamp":1674244202000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00223-022-00987-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]}},"alternative-id":["987"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00223-022-00987-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1432-0827"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1432-0827","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Etienne Cavalier received consulting fees from DiaSorin, Fujirebio, IDS, Menarini, bioM\u00e9rieux, Nittobo. Annemieke C. Heijboer declares no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}