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Thus, we analyze whether serum 25(OH)D deficiency and insufficiency are risk factors for the incidence of dynapenia in individuals aged 50 or older and whether osteoporosis or vitamin D supplementation modify these associations. For that, 3205 participants of the ELSA study who were non-dynapenic at baseline were followed for 4 years. Vitamin D was measured at baseline by the serum concentration of 25(OH)D and classified as sufficient (&gt;\u200950\u00a0nmol\/L), insufficient (\u2265\u200930 and\u2009\u2264\u200950\u00a0nmol\/L) or deficient (&lt;\u200930\u00a0nmol\/L). The incidence of dynapenia was determined by a grip strength\u2009&lt;\u200926\u00a0kg for men and\u2009&lt;\u200916\u00a0kg for women at the end of the 4-year follow-up. Poisson regression models were adjusted by sociodemographic, behavioral, clinical and biochemical characteristics. Serum 25(OH)D deficient was a risk factor for the incidence of dynapenia (IRR\u2009=\u20091.70; 95% CI 1.04\u20132.79). When only individuals without osteoporosis and those who did not use vitamin D supplementation were analyzed, both serum 25(OH)D deficiency (IRR\u2009=\u20091.78; 95% CI 1.01\u20133.13) and insufficiency (IRR\u2009=\u20091.77; 95% CI 1.06\u20132.94) were risk factors for the incidence of dynapenia. In conclusion, a serum level of 25(OH)D\u2009&lt;\u200930\u00a0nmol\/L is a risk factor for the incidence of dynapenia. Among individuals without osteoporosis and those who do not take vitamin D supplementation, the threshold of risk is higher (\u2264\u200950\u00a0nmol\/L).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-022-01021-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]],"date-time":"2022-09-15T20:02:51Z","timestamp":1663272171000},"page":"571-579","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Are Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency Risk Factors for the Incidence of Dynapenia?"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"111","author":[{"given":"Maicon Lu\u00eds Bicigo","family":"Delinocente","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mariane Marques","family":"Luiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dayane Capra","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aline Fernanda","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula Camila","family":"Ram\u00edrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"de Oliveira M\u00e1ximo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nat\u00e1lia Cochar","family":"Soares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Steptoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cesar","family":"de Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3791-9793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiago","family":"da Silva Alexandre","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1021_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-009-0954-6","volume":"20","author":"A Mithal","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mithal A, Wahl DA, Bonjour JP et al (2009) Global vitamin D status and determinants of hypovitaminosis D. 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