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The potential for bone metastases is often a significant concern, especially when multiple discrete lesions are present. Several non-malignant disorders can also produce similar patterns of bone abnormalities. Among these is osteomesopyknosis, a rare condition characterized by multiple sclerotic lesions in the axial skeleton. Only a few cases of this presumably genetic disease have been documented. In this report, we present a new case and review previously published cases to enhance understanding and facilitate recognition of this disorder within the broader category of sclerosing bone diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-025-01361-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T15:16:42Z","timestamp":1741965402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Osteomesopyknosis: A Bone-Sclerosing Disorder that May be Confused with Bone Metastases"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0691-8755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jos\u00e9 A.","family":"Riancho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"del Real","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana I.","family":"Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Landeras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anibal","family":"Ferrerira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana C.","family":"Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose","family":"Sainz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Remedios","family":"Quirce","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva Mart\u00ednez","family":"de Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"1361_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr.20150349","volume":"89","author":"C Boulet","year":"2016","unstructured":"Boulet C, Madani H, Lenchik L et al (2016) Sclerosing bone dysplasias: genetic, clinical and radiology update of hereditary and non-hereditary disorders. 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Riancho, Alvaro del Real, Ana I. Vega, Rosa Landeras, Anibal Ferrerira, Ana C. Ferreira, Jose Sainz, Remedios Quirce and Eva Mart\u00ednez de Castro declare that they do not have conflicts of interest relevant to this paper.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study did not include investigational procedures in human subjects or animals.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human and Animal Rights"}}],"article-number":"53"}}