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Female rats were either Sham-operated or ovariectomized (Ovx) at 6 months of age. Eight weeks after surgery, Ovx rats received either vehicle solutions, 625\u00a0mg\/kg\/day Sr (5 days per week), 8\u00a0\u00b5g\/kg\/day PTH1-34 (5 days per week), or the combined treatments for 8 weeks. PTH1-34 reversed Ovx-induced deterioration of trabecular microarchitecture, apparent volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), and strength, whereas Sr alone increased tissue-level vBMD without significantly affecting trabecular bone mass. Co-treatment with Sr and PTH1-34 further increased trabecular thickness (+\u20098.9% vs. PTH1-34 alone), apparent and tissue-level vBMD (+\u20099.6% and 6.7% vs. PTH1-34 alone), bone material properties (maximum force, +\u200918.2% vs. PTH1-34 alone; working energy, +\u200917% vs. PTH1-34 alone), and trabecular bone strength compared with PTH1-34 alone. In cortical bone, PTH1-34 increased bone volume, cortical thickness, and apparent vBMD, while co-treatment further enhanced cortical thickness (+\u20097.2% vs. PTH1-34 alone) and apparent vBMD (+\u20097% vs. PTH1-34 alone), maintained the Sr-induced increase in tissue-level vBMD, and significantly improved bone strength. In primary osteoblast cultures, Sr and PTH1-34, administered either alone or in combination, increased\n                    <jats:italic>Rankl<\/jats:italic>\n                    and decreased\n                    <jats:italic>Opg<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression, consistent with the elevated urinary levels of the bone resorption marker deoxypyridinoline in vivo. Sr or PTH1-34 alone stimulated\n                    <jats:italic>Igf1<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Alpl<\/jats:italic>\n                    expression, whereas co-stimulation further enhanced these osteogenic markers. In conclusion, combining Sr with PTH1-34 integrates the osteoanabolic effects of PTH1-34 on bone mass with the mineral-level effects of Sr on bone material properties, leading to synergistic stimulation of bone formation and superior improvements in bone quality and strength.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00223-026-01575-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T17:27:36Z","timestamp":1785259656000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Strontium Treatment Potentiates Bone Anabolic Action of Intermittent PTH in Ovariectomized Rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2741-1825","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cyril","family":"Thouverey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabelle","family":"Badoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Ammann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"1575_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.20945\/2359-3997000000564","volume":"66","author":"M Chandran","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chandran M (2022) The why and how of sequential and combination therapy in osteoporosis. 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Badoud and P. Ammann declare that they received funding from Servier Laboratory to complete part of this project. C. Thouverey has no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All performed animal experiments were in compliance with the guiding principles of the\n                      Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals\n                      (8th edition) and approved by the Ethical Committee of the University of Geneva School of Medicine and the State of Geneva Veterinarian Office.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"124"}}