{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T01:31:44Z","timestamp":1793496704999,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]],"date-time":"2015-05-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-015-1873-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,25]],"date-time":"2015-05-25T21:57:11Z","timestamp":1432591031000},"page":"901-909","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":317,"title":["Clinical pharmacokinetics of melatonin: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Nathja Groth","family":"Harps\u00f8e","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars Peter Holst","family":"Andersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ismail","family":"G\u00f6genur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Rosenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1873_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199701163360306","volume":"336","author":"A Brzezinski","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brzezinski A (1997) Melatonin in humans. N Engl J Med 336:186\u2013195","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1873_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1163","DOI":"10.1111\/anae.12717","volume":"69","author":"LPH Andersen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Andersen LPH, Werner MU, Rosenberg J, G\u00f6genur I (2014) A systematic review of peri-operative melatonin. Anaesthesia 69:1163\u20131171","journal-title":"Anaesthesia"},{"key":"1873_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R52","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6871","volume":"12","author":"RS Bourne","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bourne RS, Mills GH, Minelli C (2008) Melatonin therapy to improve nocturnal sleep in critically ill patients: encouraging results from a small randomized controlled trail. Crit Care 12:R52","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1873_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/s00540-010-0891-8","volume":"24","author":"H Borazan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borazan H, Tuncer S, Yalcin N, Erol A, Otelcioglu S (2010) Effects of preoperative oral melatonin medication on postoperative analgesia, sleep quality, and sedation in patients undergoing elective prostatectomy: a randomized clinical trial. J Anesth 24:155\u2013160","journal-title":"J Anesth"},{"key":"1873_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000282834.78456.90","volume":"105","author":"W Caumo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Caumo W, Torres F, Moreia NL, Auzani JAS, Monteiro CA, Londero G, Ribeiro DFM, Hidalgo MPL (2007) The clinical impact of preoperative melatonin on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Anesth Analg 105:1263\u20131271","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"1873_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2003.10.003","volume":"39","author":"E Gitto","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gitto E, Romeo C, Reiter RJ, Impellizzeri P, Pesce S, Basile M, Antonuccio P, Trimarchi G, Gentile C, Barberi I, Zuccarello B (2004) Melatonin reduces oxidative stress in surgical neonates. J Pediatr Surg 39:184\u2013189","journal-title":"J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"1873_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2007.00545.x","volume":"44","author":"B K\u00fcc\u00fckakin","year":"2008","unstructured":"K\u00fcc\u00fckakin B, Lykkesfeldt J, Nielsen HJ, Reiter RJ, Rosenberg J, G\u00f6genur I (2008) Utility of melatonin to treat surgical stress after major vascular surgery\u2014a safety study. J Pineal Res 44:426\u2013431","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"1873_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1177\/00912700022009422","volume":"40","author":"RL DeMuro","year":"2000","unstructured":"DeMuro RL, Nafziger AN, Blask DE, Menhinick AM, Bertino JS (2000) The absolute bioavailability of oral melatonin. J Clin Pharmacol 40:781\u2013784","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1873_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199704033361418","volume":"336","author":"WL Di","year":"1997","unstructured":"Di WL, Kadva A, Johnston A, Silman R (1997) Variable bioavailability of oral melatonin. N Engl J Med 336:1028\u20131029","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1873_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2010.02.007","volume":"8","author":"D Moher","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG (2010) Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Int J Surg 8:336\u2013341","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"1873_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"B293","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/53A.4.B293","volume":"53","author":"IV Zhdanova","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zhdanova IV, Wurtman RJ, Balcioglu A, Kartashov AI, Lynch HJ (1998) Endogenous melatonin levels and the fate of exogenous melatonin: age effects. J Gerontol 53:B293\u2013B298","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"1873_CR12","first-page":"1882","volume":"81","author":"A Cavallo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cavallo A, Ritschel WA (1996) Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in human sexual maturation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 81:1882\u20131886","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1873_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(85)90412-6","volume":"37","author":"O Vakkuri","year":"1985","unstructured":"Vakkuri O, Lepp\u00e4luoto J, Kauppila A (1985) Oral administration and distribution of melatonin in human serum, saliva and urine. Life Sci 37:489\u2013495","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"1873_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1819.1998.tb01067.x","volume":"52","author":"SI Shirakawa","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shirakawa SI, Tsuchiya S, Tsutsumi Y, Kotorii T, Uchimura N, Sakamoto T, Yamada S (1998) Time course of saliva and serum melatonin levels after ingestion of melatonin. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 52:266\u2013267","journal-title":"Psychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"1873_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1159\/000123997","volume":"39","author":"F Waldhauser","year":"1984","unstructured":"Waldhauser F, Waldhauser M, Lieberman HR, Deng MH, Lynch HJ, Wurtman RJ (1984) Bioavailability of oral melatonin in humans. Neuroendocrinology 39:307\u2013311","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"1873_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2009.00737.x","volume":"48","author":"G Mistraletti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mistraletti G, Sabbatini G, Taverna M, Figini MA, Umbrello M, Magni P, Ruscica M, Dozio E, Esposti R, DeMartini G, Fraschini F, Rezzani R, Reiter RJ, Iapichino G (2010) Pharmacokinetics of orally administered melatonin in critically ill patients. J Pineal Res 48:142\u2013147","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"1873_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2003.01933.x","volume":"56","author":"S H\u00e4rtter","year":"2003","unstructured":"H\u00e4rtter S, Nordmark A, Rose DM, Bertilsson L, Tybring G, Laine K (2003) Effects of caffeine intake on the pharmacokinetics of melatonin, a probe drug for CYP1A2 activity. Br J Clin Pharmacol 56:679\u2013682","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1873_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00315035","volume":"38","author":"C Mallo","year":"1990","unstructured":"Mallo C, Za\u00eedan R, Galy G, Vermeulen E, Brun J, Chazot G, Claustrat B (1990) Pharmacokinetics of melatonin in man after intravenous infusion and bolus injection. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 38:297\u2013301","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1873_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-005-0908-7","volume":"61","author":"C Ursing","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ursing C, Bhar CV, Brismar K, R\u00f6jdmark S (2005) Influence of cigarette smoking on melatonin levels in man. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 61:197\u2013201","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1873_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/1099-081X(200001)21:1<15::AID-BDD215>3.0.CO;2-H","volume":"21","author":"JB Fourtillan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fourtillan JB, Brisson AM, Gobin P, Ingrand I, Decourt JPH, Girault J (2000) Bioavailability of melatonin in humans after day-time administration of D7 Melatonin. Biopharm Drug Dispos 21:15\u201322","journal-title":"Biopharm Drug Dispos"},{"key":"1873_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2011.00958.x","volume":"52","author":"NS Gooneratne","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gooneratne NS, Edwards AYZ, Zhou C, Cuellar N, Grandner MA, Barrett JS (2012) Melatonin pharmacokinetics following two different oral surge-sustained release doses in older adults. J Pineal Res 52:437\u2013445","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"1873_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270007311112","volume":"48","author":"SL Markantonis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Markantonis SL, Tsakalozou E, Paraskeva A, Staikou C, Fassoulaki A (2008) Melatonin pharmacokinetics in premenopausal and postmenopausal healthy female volunteers. J Clin Pharmacol 48:240\u2013245","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1873_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"986","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270008318669","volume":"48","author":"J Hilli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hilli J, Korhonen T, Turpeinen M, Hokkanen J, Mattila S, Laine K (2008) The effect of oral contraceptives on the pharmacokinetics of melatonin in healthy subjects with CYP1A2 g.-163C\u2009>\u2009A polymorphism. J Clin Pharmacol 48:986\u2013994","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1873_CR24","first-page":"357","volume":"18","author":"D Bars Le","year":"1991","unstructured":"Le Bars D, Thivolle P, Vitte PA, Bojkowski C, Chazot G, Arendt J, Frackowiak RSJ, Claustrat B (1991) PET and plasma pharmacokinetic studies after bolus intravenous administration of [11C]melatonin in humans. Nucl Med Biol 18:357\u2013362","journal-title":"Nucl Med Biol"},{"key":"1873_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.1985.tb02679.x","volume":"19","author":"M Aldhous","year":"1985","unstructured":"Aldhous M, Franey C, Wright J, Arendt J (1985) Plasma concentrations of melatonin in man following oral absorption of different preparations. J Clin Pharmacol 19:517\u2013521","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"1873_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4172\/jbb.1000042","volume":"2","author":"M L\u00f3pez-Gamboa","year":"2010","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Gamboa M, Canales-G\u00f3mez JS, Castro Sandoval TJ, Tovar EN, Mej\u00eda MA, Baltazar MAM, Palma-Aguirre JA (2010) Bioavailability of long acting capsules of melatonin in Mexican healthy volunteers. J Bioequiv Availab 2:116\u2013119","journal-title":"J Bioequiv Availab"},{"key":"1873_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1517\/17425255.2014.943183","volume":"10","author":"S Proietti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Proietti S, Carlomagno G, Dinicola S, Bizzarri M (2014) Soft gel capsules improve melatonin\u2019s bioavailability in humans. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 10:1193\u20131198","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"1873_CR28","first-page":"462","volume":"53","author":"H Hoffmann","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hoffmann H, Dittgen M, Hoffmann A, Bartsch C, Breitbarth H, Timpe C, Farker K, Schmidt U, Mellinger U, Zimmermann H, Gr\u00e4ser T, Oettel M (1998) Evaluation of an oral pulsatile delivery system for melatonin in humans. Pharmazie 53:462\u2013466","journal-title":"Pharmazie"},{"key":"1873_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2000.104071","volume":"67","author":"S H\u00e4rrter","year":"2000","unstructured":"H\u00e4rrter S, Gr\u00f6zinger M, Wiegmann H, R\u00f6schke J, Hiemke C (2000) Increased bioavailability of oral melatonin after fluvoxamine coadministration. Clin Pharmacol Ther 67:1\u20136","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"1873_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-079X.2006.00407.x","volume":"42","author":"DX Tan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tan DX, Manchester LC, Terron MP, Flores LJ, Reiter RJ (2007) One molecule, many derivatives: a never-ending interaction of melatonin with reactive oxygen and nitrogen species? J Pineal Res 42:28\u201342","journal-title":"J Pineal Res"},{"key":"1873_CR31","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, Green S (eds) (2011) Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. The Cochrane Collaboration. http:\/\/www.cochrane-handbook.org . Accessed 16 Dec 2014"},{"key":"1873_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","volume":"17","author":"AR Jadad","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carrol D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds JM, Gavaghan DJ, McQuay HJ (1996) Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trails: is blinding necessary? Contemp Clin Trails 17:1\u201312","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Trails"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-015-1873-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00228-015-1873-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-015-1873-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,24]],"date-time":"2019-05-24T08:49:13Z","timestamp":1558687753000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00228-015-1873-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1873"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-015-1873-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-6970","1432-1041"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-6970","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1041","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,27]]}}}