{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T22:59:27Z","timestamp":1781650767881,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1609977600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-020-03073-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]],"date-time":"2021-01-07T08:11:48Z","timestamp":1610007108000},"page":"841-847","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Older participant perspectives on permanent study drug discontinuation in an ongoing primary prevention trial of statins"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"77","author":[{"name":"on behalf of the STAREE Investigator Group","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0835-8686","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kim","family":"Jose","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea J.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alissia","family":"Kost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Breslin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophia","family":"Zoungas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark R.","family":"Nelson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"3073_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cger.2009.07.007","volume":"25","author":"A Yazdanyar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yazdanyar A, Newman AB (2009) The burden of cardiovascular disease in the elderly: morbidity, mortality, and costs. Clin Geriatr Med 25(4):563\u2013577 vii","journal-title":"Clin Geriatr Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"3073_CR2","first-page":"e596","volume":"140","author":"DK Arnett","year":"2019","unstructured":"Arnett DK, Blumenthal RS, Albert MA, Buroker AB, Goldberger ZD, Hahn EJ, Himmelfarb CD, Khera A, Lloyd-Jones D, McEvoy J, Michos ED, Miedema MD, Mu\u00f1oz D, Smith SC Jr, Virani SS, Williams KA Sr, Yeboah J, Ziaeian B (2019) 2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association task force on clinical practice guidelines. Circulation. 140(11):e596\u2013e646","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"13","key":"3073_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.15199","volume":"125","author":"E Hariton","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hariton E, Locascio JJ (2018) Randomised controlled trials - the gold standard for effectiveness research: study design: randomised controlled trials. BJOG. 125(13):1716","journal-title":"BJOG."},{"issue":"7","key":"3073_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.118.313236","volume":"124","author":"A Benetos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benetos A, Petrovic M, Strandberg T (2019) Hypertension management in older and frail older patients. Circ Res 124(7):1045\u20131060","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3073_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1177\/009286150904300411","volume":"43","author":"A Zweben","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zweben A, Fucito LM, O'Malley SS (2009) Effective strategies for maintaining research participation in clinical trials. Drug Inf J 43(4):459\u2013467","journal-title":"Drug Inf J"},{"issue":"5","key":"3073_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00104606","volume":"30","author":"S Kesten","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kesten S, Plautz M, Piquette CA, Habib MP, Niewoehner DE (2007) Premature discontinuation of patients: a potential bias in COPD clinical trials. Eur Respir J 30(5):898\u2013906","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"9","key":"3073_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1002\/jcph.689","volume":"56","author":"TM Shiovitz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shiovitz TM, Bain EE, McCann DJ, Skolnick P, Laughren T, Hanina A et al (2016) Mitigating the effects of nonadherence in clinical trials. J Clin Pharmacol 56(9):1151\u20131164","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3073_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1177\/0092861511428300","volume":"46","author":"DL Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith DL (2012) Patient nonadherence in clinical trials: could there be a link to postmarketing patient safety? Drug Inf J 46(1):27\u201334","journal-title":"Drug Inf J"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3073_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1159\/000115340","volume":"52","author":"E Topinkova","year":"2008","unstructured":"Topinkova E (2008) Aging, disability and frailty. Ann Nutr Metab 52(Suppl 1):6\u201311","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"3073_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3457103","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/3457103","volume":"2017","author":"A Hassanzadeh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hassanzadeh A, Heidari Z, Feizi A, Hassanzadeh Keshteli A, Roohafza H, Afshar H et al (2017) Association of stressful life events with psychological problems: a large-scale community-based study using grouped outcomes latent factor regression with latent predictors. Comput Math Methods Med 2017:3457103","journal-title":"Comput Math Methods Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3073_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.49807","volume":"11","author":"M Banach","year":"2015","unstructured":"Banach M, Rizzo M, Toth PP, Farnier M, Davidson MH, Al-Rasadi K et al (2015) Statin intolerance - an attempt at a unified definition. Position paper from an International Lipid Expert Panel. Arch Med Sci 11(1):1\u201323","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci"},{"issue":"9836","key":"3073_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)60240-2","volume":"380","author":"K Barnett","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barnett K, Mercer SW, Norbury M, Watt G, Wyke S, Guthrie B (2012) Epidemiology of multimorbidity and implications for health care, research, and medical education: a cross-sectional study. Lancet. 380(9836):37\u201343","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"1","key":"3073_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005041","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.118.005041","volume":"12","author":"AM Navar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Navar AM, Roe MT, White JA, Cannon CP, Lokhnygina Y, Newby LK, Giugliano RP, Tershakovec AM, Braunwald E, Califf RM, Blazing MA (2019) Medication discontinuation in the IMPROVE-IT trial. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes 12(1):e005041","journal-title":"Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes"},{"issue":"6","key":"3073_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e021959","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021959","volume":"9","author":"ZC Skea","year":"2019","unstructured":"Skea ZC, Newlands R, Gillies K (2019) Exploring non-retention in clinical trials: a meta-ethnographic synthesis of studies reporting participant reasons for drop out. BMJ Open 9(6):e021959","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"3073_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1097\/HCO.0000000000000082","volume":"29","author":"S Zoungas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zoungas S, Curtis A, Tonkin A, McNeil J (2014) Statins in the elderly: an answered question? Curr Opin Cardiol 29(4):372\u2013380","journal-title":"Curr Opin Cardiol"},{"key":"3073_CR16","volume-title":"Qualitative research and evaluation methods","author":"MQ Patton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patton MQ (2002) Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks"},{"key":"3073_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-117","volume":"13","author":"NK Gale","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gale NK, Heath G, Cameron E, Rashid S, Redwood S (2013) Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research. BMC Med Res Methodol 13:117","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"3073_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"h4923","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h4923","volume":"351","author":"J Adamson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Adamson J, Hewitt CE, Torgerson DJ (2015) Producing better evidence on how to improve randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 351:h4923","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"9308","key":"3073_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07882-0","volume":"359","author":"KF Schulz","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schulz KF, Grimes DA (2002) Sample size slippages in randomised trials: exclusions and the lost and wayward. Lancet. 359(9308):781\u2013785","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"3","key":"3073_CR20","first-page":"265","volume":"11","author":"V Gardette","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gardette V, Coley N, Toulza O, Andrieu S (2007) Attrition in geriatric research: how important is it and how should it be dealt with? J Nutr Health Aging 11(3):265\u2013271","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"3073_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-7742(06)81017-2","volume":"81","author":"FM Macias","year":"2007","unstructured":"Macias FM, Ramsay RE, Rowan AJ (2007) Recruitment and retention in clinical trials of the elderly. Int Rev Neurobiol 81:265\u2013272","journal-title":"Int Rev Neurobiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"3073_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acvd.2013.06.053","volume":"106","author":"A Saib","year":"2013","unstructured":"Saib A, Sabbah L, Perdrix L, Blanchard D, Danchin N, Puymirat E (2013) Evaluation of the impact of the recent controversy over statins in France: the EVANS study. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 106(10):511\u2013516","journal-title":"Arch Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"38","key":"3073_CR23","first-page":"1","volume":"18","author":"A O'Cathain","year":"2014","unstructured":"O'Cathain A, Thomas KJ, Drabble SJ, Rudolph A, Goode J, Hewison J (2014) Maximising the value of combining qualitative research and randomised controlled trials in health research: the QUAlitative Research in Trials (QUART) study--a mixed methods study. Health Technol Assess 18(38):1\u2013197 v-vi","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"10","key":"3073_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.32","volume":"171","author":"TR Fried","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fried TR, Tinetti ME, Towle V, O'Leary JR, Iannone L (2011) Effects of benefits and harms on older persons' willingness to take medication for primary cardiovascular prevention. Arch Intern Med 171(10):923\u2013928","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3073_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1025659701805","volume":"6","author":"D Beeson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Beeson D (1997) Nuance, complexity, and context: qualitative methods in genetic counseling research. J Genet Couns 6(1):21\u201343","journal-title":"J Genet Couns"},{"issue":"9","key":"3073_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2012.04.012","volume":"23","author":"D Rosenbaum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rosenbaum D, Dallongeville J, Sabouret P, Bruckert E (2013) Discontinuation of statin therapy due to muscular side effects: a survey in real life. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 23(9):871\u2013875","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"issue":"17","key":"3073_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv043","volume":"36","author":"ES Stroes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stroes ES, Thompson PD, Corsini A, Vladutiu GD, Raal FJ, Ray KK, Roden M, Stein E, Tokg\u00f6zo\u011flu L, Nordestgaard BG, Bruckert E, de Backer G, Krauss RM, Laufs U, Santos RD, Hegele RA, Hovingh GK, Leiter LA, Mach F, M\u00e4rz W, Newman CB, Wiklund O, Jacobson TA, Catapano AL, Chapman MJ, Ginsberg HN, European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel, Stroes E, Thompson PD, Corsini A, Vladutiu GD, Raal FJ, Ray KK, Roden M, Stein E, Tokg\u00f6zo\u011flu L, Nordestgaard BG, Bruckert E, Krauss RM, Laufs U, Santos RD, M\u00e4rz W, Newman CB, John Chapman M, Ginsberg HN, John Chapman M, Ginsberg HN, de Backer G, Catapano AL, Hegele RA, Kees Hovingh G, Jacobson TA, Leiter L, Mach F, Wiklund O (2015) Statin-associated muscle symptoms: impact on statin therapy-European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel Statement on Assessment, Aetiology and Management. Eur Heart J 36(17):1012\u20131022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"3073_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-6215-12-7","volume":"12","author":"HC Eborall","year":"2011","unstructured":"Eborall HC, Stewart MC, Cunningham-Burley S, Price JF, Fowkes FG (2011) Accrual and drop out in a primary prevention randomised controlled trial: qualitative study. Trials. 12:7","journal-title":"Trials."},{"issue":"4","key":"3073_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.12060","volume":"210","author":"JE Lockery","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lockery JE, Collyer TA, Abhayaratna WP, Fitzgerald SM, McNeil JJ, Nelson MR et al (2019) Recruiting general practice patients for large clinical trials: lessons from the Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly (ASPREE) study. Med J Aust 210(4):168\u2013173","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"7367","key":"3073_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7367.766","volume":"325","author":"J Donovan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Donovan J, Mills N, Smith M, Brindle L, Jacoby A, Peters T, Frankel S, Neal D, Hamdy F (2002) Quality improvement report: improving design and conduct of randomised trials by embedding them in qualitative research: ProtecT (prostate testing for cancer and treatment) study. Commentary: presenting unbiased information to patients can be difficult. BMJ. 325(7367):766\u2013770","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"issue":"1","key":"3073_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12875-018-0877-4","volume":"19","author":"CA Chew-Graham","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chew-Graham CA, Shepherd T, Burroughs H, Dixon K, Kessler D (2018) The value of an embedded qualitative study in a trial of a second antidepressant for people who had not responded to one antidepressant: understanding the perspectives of patients and general practitioners. BMC Fam Pract 19(1):197","journal-title":"BMC Fam Pract"},{"issue":"12","key":"3073_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1446","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2015.01.016","volume":"68","author":"L Clark","year":"2015","unstructured":"Clark L, Ronaldson S, Dyson L, Hewitt C, Torgerson D, Adamson J (2015) Electronic prompts significantly increase response rates to postal questionnaires: a randomized trial within a randomized trial and meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 68(12):1446\u20131450","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-020-03073-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00228-020-03073-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-020-03073-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]],"date-time":"2021-05-17T14:08:37Z","timestamp":1621260517000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00228-020-03073-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3073"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-020-03073-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-6970","1432-1041"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-6970","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1041","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 September 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 December 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. This study was approved by the Monash University Human Research Ethics Committee (15334) and Tasmanian Health and Medical Human Research Ethics Committee (H0017572).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to the interview.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable. No identifying information is included in this article.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Code availability"}}]}}