{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T03:16:37Z","timestamp":1788491797177,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur J Clin Pharmacol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-021-03256-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]],"date-time":"2022-01-17T00:03:47Z","timestamp":1642377827000},"page":"531-545","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Evaluation of pharmacological interventions in the management of adenomyosis: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"78","author":[{"given":"Kiran Kumar","family":"Rathinam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justin Jacob","family":"Abraham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heema Preethy","family":"S","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shevaani","family":"S.A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maitrayee","family":"Sen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7101-8513","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melvin","family":"George","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priyadharshini","family":"A","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"3256_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Vannuccini S, Petraglia F (2019) Recent advances in understanding and managing adenomyosis. F1000Research vol. 8 F1000 Faculty Rev-283.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12688\/f1000research.17242.1","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.17242.1"},{"issue":"9","key":"3256_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1350840","volume":"73","author":"FA Taran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Taran FA, Stewart EA, Brucker S (2013) Adenomyosis: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Clinical Phenotype and Surgical and Interventional Alternatives to Hysterectomy. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 73(9):924\u2013931. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0033-1350840","journal-title":"Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd"},{"key":"3256_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dessouky R, Gamil SA, Nada MG, Mousa R, Libda Y (2019) Management of uterine adenomyosis: current trends and uterine artery embolization as a potential alternative to hysterectomy. Insights Imaging. 10(1):48. Published 2019 Apr 27. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13244-019-0732-8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13244-019-0732-8"},{"issue":"5","key":"3256_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.06.016","volume":"35","author":"S Vannuccini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vannuccini S, Tosti C, Carmona F et al (2017) Pathogenesis of adenomyosis: an update on molecular mechanisms. Reprod Biomed Online 35(5):592\u2013601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rbmo.2017.06.016","journal-title":"Reprod Biomed Online"},{"issue":"2\u201303","key":"3256_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0040-1716687","volume":"38","author":"J Zhai","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhai J, Vannuccini S, Petraglia F, Giudice LC (2020) Adenomyosis: Mechanisms and Pathogenesis. Semin Reprod Med 38(2\u201303):129\u2013143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0040-1716687","journal-title":"Semin Reprod Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"3256_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.01.013","volume":"109","author":"S Vannuccini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Vannuccini S, Luisi S, Tosti C, Sorbi F, Petraglia F (2018) Role of medical therapy in the management of uterine adenomyosis. Fertil Steril 109(3):398\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2018.01.013","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"4","key":"3256_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2014.04.024","volume":"53","author":"W-L Kuan-HaoTsui","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kuan-HaoTsui W-L, Chen C-Y, Sheu B-C, Yen M-S, Chang T-C, Wang P-H (2014) Medical treatment for adenomyosis and\/or adenomyoma. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 53(4):459\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjog.2014.04.024","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3256_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01350.x","volume":"91","author":"AM Badawy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Badawy AM, Elnashar AM, Mosbah AA (2012) Aromatase inhibitors or gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists for the management of uterine adenomyosis: a randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 91(4):489\u2013495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-0412.2012.01350.x","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"3256_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2020.101978","volume":"50","author":"P Capmas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Capmas P, Brun JL, Legendre G, Koskas M, Merviel P, Fernandez H (2021) Ulipristal acetate use in adenomyosis: A randomized controlled trial. J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 50(1):101978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogoh.2020.101978","journal-title":"J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod"},{"issue":"4","key":"3256_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.07.021","volume":"108","author":"Y Osuga","year":"2017","unstructured":"Osuga Y, Fujimoto-Okabe H, Hagino A (2017) Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of dienogest in the treatment of painful symptoms in patients with adenomyosis: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter, placebo-controlled study. Fertil Steril 108(4):673\u2013678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2017.07.021","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"3256_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1177\/2284026520914143","volume":"12","author":"NN Rukhliada","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rukhliada NN, Krylov KY, Matukhin VI (2020) The quality of life of women and morphological changes in the glands of adenomyosis under the influence of dienogest-containing preparations. Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders 12(3\u20134):128\u2013133. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2284026520914143","journal-title":"Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders"},{"key":"3256_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shaaban OM, Ali MK, Sabra AM, Abd El Aal DE (2015) Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system versus a low-dose combined oral contraceptive for treatment of adenomyotic uteri: a randomized clinical trial. Contraception 92(4):301\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.contraception.2015.05.015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2015.05.015"},{"issue":"9","key":"3256_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13406","volume":"43","author":"Y Osuga","year":"2017","unstructured":"Osuga Y, Watanabe M, Hagino A (2017) Long-term use of dienogest in the treatment of painful symptoms in adenomyosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 43(9):1441\u20131448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.13406","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"3256_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1080\/02656736.2019.1595179","volume":"36","author":"X Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang X, Zhang X, Lin B, Feng X, Aili A (2019) Combined therapeutic effects of HIFU, GnRH-a and LNG-IUS for the treatment of severe adenomyosis. Int J Hyperthermia 36(1):486\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02656736.2019.1595179","journal-title":"Int J Hyperthermia"},{"issue":"5","key":"3256_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1159\/000351431","volume":"22","author":"P Zhang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zhang P, Song K, Li L, Yukuwa K, Kong B (2013) Efficacy of combined levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog for the treatment of adenomyosis. Med Princ Pract 22(5):480\u2013483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000351431","journal-title":"Med Princ Pract"},{"issue":"10","key":"3256_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.13632","volume":"98","author":"JK Andersson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andersson JK, Khan Z, Weaver AL, Vaughan LE, Gemzell-Danielsson K, Stewart EA (2019) Vaginal bromocriptine improves pain, menstrual bleeding and quality of life in women with adenomyosis: A pilot study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 98(10):1341\u20131350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aogs.13632","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"3256_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.07.019","volume":"170","author":"M Ekin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ekin M, Cengiz H, Aya\u011f ME, Kaya C, Yasar L, Savan K (2013) Effects of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system on urinary symptoms in patients with adenomyosis. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 170(2):517\u2013520. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2013.07.019","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3256_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.04.001","volume":"86","author":"S Kelekci","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kelekci S, Kelekci KH, Yilmaz B (2012) Effects of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system and T380A intrauterine copper device on dysmenorrhea and days of bleeding in women with and without adenomyosis. Contraception 86(5):458\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.contraception.2012.04.001","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"3","key":"3256_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.13341","volume":"151","author":"E Andreeva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Andreeva E, Absatarova Y (2020) Triptorelin for the treatment of adenomyosis: A multicenter observational study of 465 women in Russia. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 151(3):347\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.13341","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"6","key":"3256_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-015-3755-5","volume":"292","author":"M Fawzy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fawzy M, Mesbah Y (2015) Comparison of dienogest versus triptorelin acetate in premenopausal women with adenomyosis: a prospective clinical trial. Arch Gynecol Obstet 292(6):1267\u20131271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00404-015-3755-5","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"3","key":"3256_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12887","volume":"146","author":"L Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li L, Leng J, Jia S, Lang J (2019) Treatment of symptomatic adenomyosis with the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 146(3):357\u2013363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.12887","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"5","key":"3256_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1855","DOI":"10.1177\/0300060517752997","volume":"46","author":"Q Li","year":"2018","unstructured":"Li Q, Ding Y, Zhang XY, Feng WW, Hua KQ (2018) Drug therapy for adenomyosis: a prospective, nonrandomized, parallel-controlled study. J Int Med Res 46(5):1855\u20131865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0300060517752997","journal-title":"J Int Med Res"},{"issue":"24","key":"3256_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6085","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.908979","volume":"1","author":"J Wu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wu J, Huang Y, Chen L, Hu J, Zou Y (2018) Treatment of Adenomyosis with Subcutaneous Etonogestrel Implants: A Clinical Observational Study in 17 Patients. Med Sci Monit 1(24):6085\u20136092. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/MSM.908979","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"10","key":"3256_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jogoh.2019.05.003","volume":"48","author":"M Xie","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xie M, Yu H, Zhang X, Wang W, Ren Y (2019) Elasticity of adenomyosis is increased after GnRHa therapy and is associated with spontaneous pregnancy in infertile patents. J Gynecol Obstetr Hum Reprod 48(10):849\u2013853. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jogoh.2019.05.003","journal-title":"Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction"},{"issue":"21","key":"3256_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-20-3420","volume":"8","author":"S Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen S, Wang J, Sun W, Zhu L, He J, Zhang X (2020) Efficacy of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device is associated with different subtypes of adenomyosis: a retrospective study. Ann Transl Med 8(21):1356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm-20-3420","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"3256_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Muneyyirci-Delale O, Chandrareddy A, Mankame S, Osei-Tutu N,\u00a0Gizycki HV\u00a0(2012) Norethindrone acetate in the medical management of adenomyosis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 5(10):1120\u20131127. Published 2012 Oct 22. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph5101120","DOI":"10.3390\/ph5101120"},{"issue":"10","key":"3256_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2014.926882","volume":"30","author":"T Hirata","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hirata T, Izumi G, Takamura M, Saito A, Nakazawa A, Harada M, Hirota Y, Koga K, Fujii T, Osuga Y (2014) Efficacy of dienogest in the treatment of symptomatic adenomyosis: a pilot study. Gynecol Endocrinol 30(10):726\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09513590.2014.926882","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"key":"3256_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Matsushima T, Akira S, Fukami T, Yoneyama K, Takeshita T (2018) Efficacy of Hormonal Therapies for Decreasing Uterine Volume in Patients with Adenomyosis. Gynecol Minim Invasive Ther. 7(3):119\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/GMIT.GMIT_35_18. Epub 2018 Aug 23","DOI":"10.4103\/GMIT.GMIT_35_18"},{"issue":"8","key":"3256_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.13674","volume":"44","author":"K Neriishi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Neriishi K, Hirata T, Fukuda S, Izumi G, Nakazawa A, Yamamoto N, Harada M, Hirota Y, Koga K, Wada-Hiraike O, Fujii T, Osuga Y (2018) Long-term dienogest administration in patients with symptomatic adenomyosis. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 44(8):1439\u20131444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jog.13674","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"3256_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tjog.2014.05.009","volume":"54","author":"DS Park","year":"2015","unstructured":"Park DS, Kim ML, Song T, Yun BS, Kim MK, Jun HS, Seong SJ (2015) Clinical experiences of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system in patients with large symptomatic adenomyosis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 54(4):412\u2013415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tjog.2014.05.009","journal-title":"Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"sup2","key":"3256_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2016.1232673","volume":"32","author":"VE Radzinsky","year":"2016","unstructured":"Radzinsky VE, Khamoshina MB, Nosenko EN, Dukhin AO, Sojunov MA, Orazmuradov AA, Lebedeva MG, Orazov MR (2016) Treatment strategies for pelvic pain associated with adenomyosis. Gynecol Endocrinol 32(sup2):19\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09513590.2016.1232673","journal-title":"Gynecol Endocrinol"},{"issue":"22","key":"3256_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000020421","volume":"99","author":"SY Song","year":"2020","unstructured":"Song SY, Lee SY, Kim HY, Park DB, Kim DE, Lee KH, Lee S, Yang JB, Yoo HJ (2020) Long-term efficacy and feasibility of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device use in patients with adenomyosis. Medicine (Baltimore) 99(22):e20421. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000020421","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"1","key":"3256_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.5301\/je.5000270","volume":"9","author":"C Tosti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tosti C, Vannuccini S, Tro\u00eca L et al (2017) Long-Term Vaginal Danazol Treatment in Fertile Age Women with Adenomyosis. Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders 9(1):39\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5301\/je.5000270","journal-title":"Journal of Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Disorders"},{"issue":"11","key":"3256_CR34","first-page":"1349","volume":"63","author":"A Uysal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Uysal A, Taner CE, Mun S, Uysal F, Celimli FH (2013) Use of a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device in the treatment of adenomyosis associated heavy menstrual bleeding. J Pak Med Assoc 63(11):1349\u20131352","journal-title":"J Pak Med Assoc"},{"key":"3256_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Harada T, Taniguchi F (2010) Dienogest: A New Therapeutic Agent for the Treatment of Endometriosis. Women\u2019s Health. 27\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/WHE.09.72","DOI":"10.2217\/WHE.09.72"}],"container-title":["European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-021-03256-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00228-021-03256-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00228-021-03256-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,16]],"date-time":"2022-03-16T08:03:47Z","timestamp":1647417827000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00228-021-03256-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["3256"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-021-03256-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["0031-6970","1432-1041"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0031-6970","type":"print"},{"value":"1432-1041","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 September 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 November 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"All the authors have declared that there is no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}